Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64

Kufanele uvakashele umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngezikhathi ezithile, noma ngabe uphilile. Inhloso yalokhu kuvakasha uku:

• Isikrini sezinkinga zezokwelapha
• Hlola ubungozi bakho ezinkingeni zezokwelapha zesikhathi esizayo
• Khuthaza indlela yokuphila enempilo
• Buyekeza imigomo
• Kukusiza ukuthi wazi umhlinzeki wakho uma kwenzeka ukugula

Noma uzizwa ukahle, kusamele ubone umhlinzeki wakho ukuze ahlolwe njalo. Lokhu kuvakasha kungakusiza ugweme izinkinga ngokuzayo. Isibonelo, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukuthi une-high blood pressure yini ukuthi ihlolwe njalo. Ushukela wegazi ophakeme namazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol nawo kungenzeka angabi nazimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kungabheka lezi zimo.

Kunezikhathi ezithile lapho kufanele ubone umhlinzeki wakho. Ngezansi imihlahlandlela yokuhlola abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-40 kuye kwengama-64.

UKUGCINWA KWEGAZI

• Yenza ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yakho okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Uma inombolo ephezulu (i-systolic number) isuka ku-120 kuye ku-139 mm Hg, noma inombolo engezansi (inombolo ye-diastolic) isuka ku-80 kuye ku-89 mm Hg, kufanele uyihlole minyaka yonke.
• Uma inombolo ephezulu ingu-130 noma ngaphezulu noma inombolo engezansi ingama-80 noma ngaphezulu, hlela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho ukuze ufunde ukuthi unganciphisa kanjani umfutho wegazi.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, izinkinga zezinso, noma ezinye izimo ezithile, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe umfutho wegazi lakho kaningi, kepha okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
• Buka ukuhlolwa kwegazi endaweni yakho. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi ungangena yini ukuze kuhlolwe umfutho wegazi.

UKUHLELWA KOMDLAVUZA WAMABELE

• Abesifazane bangenza ukuthi bazihlole amabele nyangazonke. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abavumelani ngezinzuzo zokuzivivinya amabele ekutholeni umdlavuza webele noma ekusindiseni izimpilo. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthi yini ekufanele kakhulu.
• Umhlinzeki wakho angenza ukuhlolwa kwebele lomtholampilo njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwakho kokuvikela.
• Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-49 bangaba nesisindo semami mammogram njalo eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kwengu-2. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke ochwepheshe abavumelana ngezinzuzo zokuba nesisindo lapho abesifazane beseneminyaka engama-40. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthi yini ekufanele kakhulu.
• Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-50 kuya kwengama-75 kufanele babe ne-mammogram njalo eminyakeni engu-1 kuye kwengu-2, ngokuya ngezimo zabo zobungozi, ukuhlola umdlavuza webele.
• Abesifazane abanomama noma udadewabo ababenomdlavuza webele esemncane kufanele bacabangele ama-mammograms minyaka yonke. Kufanele baqale ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala lapho ilungu labo lomndeni elincane kunazo zonke latholakala.
• Uma unezinye izinto ezinobungozi zomdlavuza webele, umhlinzeki wakho angancoma i-mammogram, i-breast ultrasound, noma i-MRI scan.

UKUJOLWA KOMDLAVUZA WOMLOMO WESIBELEKO

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho kufanele kuqale lapho uneminyaka engama-21. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuqala:

• Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengama-65 kufanele bahlolwe ukuhlolwa kwePap njalo eminyakeni emithathu noma ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
• Uma wena noma umlingani wakho wezocansi unabanye abalingani abasha, kufanele uhlolwe i-Pap njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
• Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-65 kuya kwengama-70 bangayeka ukuvivinywa ngePap inqobo nje uma bebenezivivinyo ezi-3 ezijwayelekile eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.
• Abesifazane abelashelwe i-precancer (i-cervical dysplasia) kufanele baqhubeke nokuhlolwa iPap iminyaka engama-20 ngemuva kokwelashwa noma kuze kube yiminyaka engama-65, noma yikuphi okude.
• Uma ukhishwe isibeletho kanye nomlomo wesibeletho (i-hysterectomy), futhi awutholakali unomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, awudingi ukwenza iPap smears.

UKUHLELWA KWE-CHOLESTEROL

• Kunconywe ukuqala kweminyaka yokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol yiminyaka engama-45 kwabesifazane abangenazo izinto eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo.
• Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol sekuqalile, i-cholesterol yakho kufanele ihlolwe njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
• Phinda ukuhlolwa ngokushesha kunokudingekayo uma izinguquko zenzeka kwindlela yokuphila (kufaka phakathi ukuzuza kwesisindo nokudla).
• Uma unamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, izinkinga zezinso, noma ezinye izimo ezithile, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe kaningi.

UKUHLELWA KOMDLAVUZA WEKHOLARI

Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-50, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa. Kufanele uhlolwe uma unomlando oqinile womndeni womdlavuza wekoloni noma ama-polyps. Ukuhlola kungabuye kubhekwe uma unezinto ezinobungozi ezifana nomlando wesifo samathumbu esivuthayo noma ama-polyps.

Uma uneminyaka yobudala engama-50 kuya kwengama-75, kufanele uhlolwe umdlavuza omnyama. Kunezivivinyo eziningi zokuhlola ezitholakalayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokungcola (okususelwe esitokisini) okwenziwa minyaka yonke
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-fecal immunochemical (FIT) minyaka yonke
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-stool DNA njalo eminyakeni emithathu
• I-sigmoidoscopy eguquguqukayo njalo eminyakeni engu-5
• I-enema ye-barium ehluke kabili njalo eminyakeni emihlanu
• I-CT colonography (i-colonoscopy ebonakalayo) njalo eminyakeni engu-5
• Colonoscopy njalo eminyakeni eyi-10

Ungadinga i-colonoscopy kaningi uma unezinto ezinobungozi zomdlavuza obala, njenge:

• I-ulcerative colitis
• Umlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni womdlavuza obala
• Umlando wokukhula kukholoni obizwa ngama-polyp adenomatous

ISIVIVINYO SAMazinyo

• Iya kudokotela wamazinyo kanye noma kabili ngonyaka ukuze uhlolwe futhi uhlanzwe. Udokotela wamazinyo uzohlola uma unesidingo sokuvakashelwa kaningi.

UKUKHULULEKA KAShukela

• Uma ungaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-44, kufanele uhlolwe njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
• Ukuba ne-BMI engaphezu kwama-25 kusho ukuthi ukhuluphele ngokweqile. Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, cela umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi kufanele ahlolwe esemncane yini. Abantu base-Asia baseMelika kufanele bahlolwe uma i-BMI yabo ingaphezu kuka-23.
• Uma umfutho wegazi lakho ungaphezulu kuka-130/80 mm Hg, noma unezinye izinto ezinobungozi besifo sikashukela, umhlinzeki wakho angahlola izinga likashukela egazini likashukela.

ISIVIVINYO SESO

• Yiba nokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwengu-4 eneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-54 kanye nayo yonke iminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-3 eneminyaka engama-55 kuya kwengama-64. Umhlinzeki wakho angancoma izivivinyo zamehlo kaningi uma unezinkinga zombono noma ubungozi be-glaucoma.
• Yenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okungenani njalo ngonyaka uma unesifo sikashukela.

UKUGONYA

• Kufanele uthole umkhuhlane njalo ngonyaka.
• Buza umhlinzeki wakho uma kufanele uthole umuthi wokugoma ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka nge-pneumococcal (kubangela uhlobo lwe-pneumonia).
• Kufanele ube nomuthi wokugoma i-tetanus-diphtheria kanye ne-acellular pertussis (Tdap) kanye njengengxenye yemithi yakho yokugomela i-tetanus-diphtheria uma ungazange uyithole phambilini usemusha. Kufanele ube ne-tetanus-diphtheria booster njalo eminyakeni eyi-10.
• Ungathola umuthi wokugomela ushaka noma i-herpes zoster ngemuva noma ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50.
• Umhlinzeki wakho angancoma eminye imigomo uma usengozini enkulu yezimo ezithile.

UKUKHULULELA ISIFO ESITHILE

• I-US Preventive Services Task Force incoma ukuhlolwa kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C. Ngokuya ngempilo yakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe izifo ezinjenge-syphilis, i-chlamydia, ne-HIV, kanye nezinye izifo.

UKUHLAWULWA KOMDLAVUZA WAMLUNGU

Kufanele ube nokuhlolwa minyaka yonke komdlavuza wamaphaphu nge-low-computed tomography (LDCT) uma konke okulandelayo kukhona:

• Uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55 KANYE
• Unomlando wokubhema oneminyaka engama-30 KANYE
• Njengamanje uyabhema noma uyekile eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule

UKUQHAWULWA KWE-OSTEOPOROSIS

• Bonke abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-50 abaneziphuka kufanele babe nokuhlolwa kwesisindo samathambo (i-DEXA scan).
• Uma uneminyaka engaphansi kwengama-65 futhi unezici zobungozi be-osteoporosis, kufanele uhlolwe.

ISIVIVINYO SOMZIMBA

• Umfutho wegazi lakho kufanele uhlolwe okungenani njalo ngonyaka.
• Umhlinzeki wakho angancoma ukuthi uhlole i-cholesterol yakho njalo eminyakeni engu-5 uma unezinto ezinobungozi besifo senhliziyo.
• Ukuphakama kwakho, isisindo sakho, kanye nenkomba yakho yomzimba (BMI) kufanele ihlolwe esivivinyweni ngasinye.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho, umhlinzeki wakho angakubuza mayelana:

• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukudla nokuvivinya umzimba
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nogwayi
• Izinkinga zokuphepha, njengokusebenzisa amabhande esihlalo nemitshina yokubhema

ISIVIVINYO SESIKhumba

• Umhlinzeki wakho angahlola isikhumba sakho ukuthola izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini enkulu. Abantu abasengozini enkulu bahlanganisa labo abake baba nomdlavuza wesikhumba phambilini, banezihlobo eziseduze ezinomdlavuza wesikhumba, noma abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Ukuvakashelwa kwesondlo - abesifazane - abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64; Ukuhlolwa komzimba - abesifazane - abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64; Ukuhlolwa konyaka - abesifazane - abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64; Ukuhlolwa - abesifazane - abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64; Impilo yabesifazane - iminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64; Ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela - abesifazane - abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lomlingo we-Fecal
• Imiphumela yobudala ekucindezelekeni kwegazi
• I-osteoporosis

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