I-Dysarthria

IDysarthria yisimo lapho uba nobunzima bokusho amagama ngenxa yezinkinga zemisipha ezikusiza ukuthi ukhulume.

Kumuntu one-dysarthria, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ubuchopho, noma imisipha kwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa noma ukulawula imisipha yomlomo, yolimi, ye-larynx, noma yezwi.

Imisipha ingaba buthakathaka noma ikhubazeke ngokuphelele. Noma, kungaba nzima ukuthi imisipha isebenze ndawonye.

I-Dysarthria ingaba umphumela wokulimala kobuchopho ngenxa ye:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Isigaxa sobuchopho
• Ukuwohloka komqondo
• Isifo esidala ukuthi ubuchopho buphelelwe ngumsebenzi (isifo sobuchopho esiwohlozayo)
• I-Multiple sclerosis
• Isifo se-Parkinson
• Unhlangothi

I-Dysarthria ingahle ibangelwe ukulimala kwezinzwa ezinikeza imisipha ekusiza ukuthi ukhulume, noma kwimisipha uqobo kusuka:

• Ukuhlukumezeka kobuso noma kwentamo
• Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wekhanda nowentamo, njengokukhishwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kolimi noma ibhokisi lezwi

I-Dysarthria ingabangelwa izifo ezithinta izinzwa nemisipha (izifo ze-neuromuscular):

• Ukukhubazeka kobuchopho
• Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha
• I-Myasthenia gravis
• I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), noma isifo seLou Gehrig

Ezinye izimbangela zingafaka:

• Ukudakwa kotshwala
• Amazinyo okufakelwa angafaneleki kahle
• Imiphumela emibi yemithi esebenza ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, njenge-narcotic, phenytoin, noma i-carbamazepine

Ngokuya ngesizathu sayo, i-dysarthria ingahle ikhule kancane noma ivele ngokuzumayo.

Abantu abane-dysarthria banenkinga yokwenza imisindo ethile noma amagama.

Inkulumo yabo ayibizi kahle (njengokushwibeka), futhi isigqi noma ijubane lokukhuluma kwabo liyashintsha. Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• Kuzwakala sengathi bayamemeza
• Ukukhulumela phansi noma ngokuhleba
• Ukukhuluma ngezwi elicinene noma eligudlanayo, elihoshozelayo, elihlungiwe noma eliphefumulayo

Umuntu one-dysarthria naye angaconsa amathe futhi abe nezinkinga zokuhlafuna noma ukugwinya. Kungaba nzima ukuhambisa izindebe, ulimi, noma umhlathi.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha futhi enze ukuhlolwa komzimba. Umndeni nabangane bangadinga ukusiza ngomlando wezokwelapha.

Inqubo ebizwa nge-laryngoscopy ingenziwa. Ngesikhathi sale nqubo, indawo ebukekayo yokubuka ibekwa emlonyeni nasemphinjeni ukubuka ibhokisi lezwi.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa uma imbangela yedysarthria ingaziwa kufaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kobuthi noma amazinga wamavithamini
• Ukufanekisa izivivinyo, njengokuhlolwa kwe-MRI noma kwe-CT kobuchopho noma kwentamo
• Izifundo zokuqhuba izinzwa kanye ne-electromyogram ukuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi wezinzwa noma imisipha
• Ukutinyela isifundo, okungafaka ama-x-ray nokuphuza uketshezi olukhethekile

Ungadinga ukuthunyelwa kumelaphi wezinkulumo nolimi ukuze uvivinywe futhi welashwe. Amakhono akhethekile ongawafunda afaka:

• Amasu okuhlafuna noma okugwinya aphephile, uma kudingeka
• Ukugwema izingxoxo uma ukhathele
• Ukuphinda imisindo kaninginingi ukuze ufunde ukunyakaza komlomo
• Ukuze ukhulume ngokunensa, sebenzisa izwi eliphakeme, bese ume kancane ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi abanye abantu bayaqonda
• Okufanele ukwenze lapho uzizwa ukhungathekile ngenkathi ukhuluma

Ungasebenzisa amadivayisi amaningi noma amasu amaningi ukusiza ngenkulumo, njenge:

• Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa izithombe noma inkulumo
• Amakhompyutha noma omakhalekhukhwini ukuthayipha amagama
• Flip amakhadi ngamagama noma izimpawu

Ukuhlinzwa kungasiza abantu abane-dysarthria.

Izinto umndeni nabangane abangazenza ukuxhumana kangcono nomuntu one-dysarthria zifaka:

• Vala umsakazo noma i-TV.
• Hambisa egumbini elithulile uma kudingeka.
• Qiniseka ukuthi ukukhanyisa ekamelweni kuhle.
• Hlala eduze ngokwanele ukuze wena nomuntu one-dysarthria nikwazi ukusebenzisa izinkomba zokubuka.
• Bhekanani ngamehlo.

Lalelisisa bese uvumela umuntu ukuthi aqede. Iba nesineke. Babheke emehlweni ngaphambi kokukhuluma. Nikeza impendulo enhle ngomzamo wabo.

Ngokuya ngesizathu se-dysarthria, izimpawu zingathuthuka, zihlale zinjalo, noma zimbi kancane noma ngokushesha.

• Abantu abane-ALS bagcina bengasakwazi ukukhuluma.
• Abanye abantu abanesifo se-Parkinson noma i-multiple sclerosis balahlekelwa amandla okukhuluma.
• I-Dysarthria ebangelwa yimithi noma amazinyo okufakelwa angafaneleki kahle ingabuyiselwa emuva.
• IDysarthria ebangelwa ukushaywa unhlangothi noma ukulimala ebuchosheni ngeke ibe yimbi kakhulu, futhi ingahle ithuthuke.
• I-Dysarthria ngemuva kokuhlinzwa olimini noma ebhokisini lezwi akufanele ibe yimbi kakhulu, futhi ingahle ithuthuke ngokwelashwa.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma une:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba, ukugodola, umkhuhlane, ukuphefumula okuncane, noma ezinye izimpawu zenyumoniya
• Ukukhwehlela noma ukuklinya
• Kunzima ukukhuluma noma ukuxhumana nabanye abantu
• Imizwa yokudabuka noma yokudangala

Ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo; Inkulumo eshisiwe; Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo - i-dysarthria

U-Ambrosi D, u-Lee YT. Ukulungiswa kokuphazamiseka kokugwinya. Ku: Cifu DX, ed. I-Braddom's Physical Medicine kanye nokuvuselelwa. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 3.

Kirshner HS. I-Dysarthria ne-apraxia yokukhuluma. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 14.