Imithi yomfutho wegazi ophezulu

Ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme kuzosiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinjengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, ukungaboni, izifo zezinso ezingamahlalakhona nezinye izifo zemithambo yegazi.

Ungahle udinge ukuthatha imishanguzo ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho uma ukuguquka kwendlela yokuphila kunganele ukuletha umfutho wegazi lakho ezingeni elibhekiswe kulo.

ISETSHENZISWA NINI IMITHI YOKUPHINDA INGCindezelo Ephakeme Yegazi?

Isikhathi esiningi, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzozama izinguquko zokuphila kuqala bese ehlola i-BP yakho amahlandla amabili noma ngaphezulu.

Uma umfutho wegazi lakho ungama-120/80 kuye ku-129/80 mm Hg, unyuse umfutho wegazi.

• Umhlinzeki wakho uzoncoma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ukuletha umfutho wegazi lakho ebangeni elijwayelekile.
• Imithi ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa kulesi sigaba.

Uma umfutho wegazi lakho ulingana noma uphakeme kuno-130/80 kodwa ungaphansi kuka-140/90 mm Hg, uneSigaba 1 somfutho wegazi ophezulu. Lapho ucabanga ngokwelashwa okuhle kakhulu, wena nomhlinzeki wakho kufanele nicabange:

• Uma ungenazo ezinye izifo noma izinto ezinobungozi, umhlinzeki wakho angancoma ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila bese ephinda izilinganiso ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.
• Uma umfutho wegazi lakho uhlala ulingana noma uphakeme kuno-130/80 kodwa ungaphansi kuka-140/90 mm Hg, umhlinzeki wakho angancoma imithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Uma unezinye izifo noma izinto ezinobungozi, umhlinzeki wakho angaba sethubeni lokuncoma imithi ngasikhathi sinye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila.

Uma umfutho wegazi lakho ulingana noma ungaphezulu kuka-140/90 mm Hg, uneSigaba 2 somfutho wegazi ophezulu. Umhlinzeki wakho uzoncoma ukuthi uthathe imishanguzo futhi uncome nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila.

Ngaphambi kokwenza ukuxilongwa kokugcina komfutho wegazi ophakeme noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, umhlinzeki wakho kufanele akucele ukuthi umfutho wegazi lakho ulinganiswe ekhaya, ekhemisi lakho, noma kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwehhovisi labo noma isibhedlela.

Uma unengozi enkulu yesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, izinkinga zenhliziyo, noma umlando wesifo sohlangothi, imithi ingaqalwa ekufundeni okuphansi kwegazi. Okuqondiwe kakhulu okujwayele ukucindezelwa kwegazi kubantu abanezinkinga zokwelashwa kungaphansi kuka-130/80.

IMITHI NGOKUCindezelwa Kwegazi Eliphezulu

Isikhathi esiningi, kuphela umuthi owodwa ozosetshenziswa ekuqaleni. Izidakamizwa ezimbili zingaqalwa uma unesigaba 2 somfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Izinhlobo eziningi zemithi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Umhlinzeki wakho uzonquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomuthi olulungele wena. Ungahle udinge ukuthatha izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa.

Uhlobo ngalunye lomuthi womfutho wegazi obhalwe ngezansi luza ngamagama ahlukile womkhiqizo namagama ejwayelekile.

Omunye noma ngaphezulu wale mithi yomfutho wegazi uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme:

• Izidakamizwa abizwa nangokuthi amaphilisi amanzi. Zisiza izinso zakho zisuse usawoti (i-sodium) emzimbeni wakho. Ngenxa yalokhu, imithambo yakho yegazi akudingeki ibambe uketshezi oluningi futhi umfutho wegazi lakho wehle.
• Ama-beta blockers yenza inhliziyo ishaye kancane futhi ngamandla amancane.
• Ama-enzyme inhibitor aguqula i-Angiotensin (obizwa nangokuthi Ama-ACE inhibitorsphumuza imithambo yegazi, eyehlisa umfutho wegazi.
• I-Angiotensin II yokwamukela blocker (ebizwa nangokuthi Ama-ARB) sebenza cishe ngendlela efanayo ne-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
• Ama-block block wesiteshi seCalcium phumuza imithambo yegazi ngokunciphisa amaseli angena nge-calcium.

Imithi yengcindezi yegazi engasetshenziswanga kaningi ifaka phakathi:

• I-Alpha-blockers siza ukukhulula imithambo yegazi, eyehlisa umfutho wegazi.
• Izidakamizwa ezisebenza maphakathi nendawo khombisa ubuchopho bakho nesistimu yezinzwa ukukhulula imithambo yegazi yakho.
• Ama-Vasodilators khombisa imisipha ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ukuze uphumule.
• I-Renin inhibitors, uhlobo olusha lomuthi wokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme, yenza ngokunciphisa inani lama-angiotensin precursors ngaleyo ndlela ukhulule imithambo yegazi lakho.

IMIPHUMELA EMIBILI YEMITHI YOKUPHINDA IGAZI

Imithi eminingi yomfutho wegazi kulula ukuyiphuza, kodwa yonke imithi inemiphumela engemihle. Eziningi zazo zimnene futhi zingahamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Eminye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yemithi yomfutho wegazi ophezulu ifaka phakathi:

• Khwehlela
• Uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa
• Isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo
• Izinkinga zokwakhiwa
• Ukuzizwa wethukile
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele, ubuthakathaka, ukozela, noma ukuntula amandla
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• Ukwehla kwesisindo noma ukuzuza ngaphandle kokuzama

Tshela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha okukhulu uma unemiphumela emibi noma imiphumela emibi ikubangela izinkinga. Isikhathi esiningi, ukwenza izinguquko kumthamo wemithi noma uma uwuthatha kungasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi.

Ungalokothi ushintshe umthamo noma uyeke ukuthatha umuthi wedwa. Njalo khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho kuqala.

EZINYE AMACEBISO

Ukuphuza imithi engaphezu kweyodwa kungashintsha indlela umzimba wakho omunca noma usebenzise ngayo umuthi. Amavithamini noma izithasiselo, ukudla okwehlukile, noma utshwala nakho kungashintsha ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni wakho.

Njalo buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi ngabe udinga ukugwema noma ikuphi ukudla, iziphuzo, amavithamini noma izithasiselo, noma eminye imithi ngenkathi uthatha umuthi wegazi.

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu - imithi

UVictor RG. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 67.

UVictor RG, Libby P.Ukuphakama komfutho wegazi ophezulu: ukuphathwa. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2019: isahluko 46.

UWhelton PK, uCarey RM, u-Aronow WS, et al. I-2017 ACC / AHA / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / AGS / APhA / ASH / ASPC / NMA / PCNA umhlahlandlela wokuvimbela, ukuthola, ukuhlola nokuphatha umfutho wegazi ophezulu kubantu abadala: umbiko we-American College of Cardiology / American I-Heart Association Task Force kumihlahlandlela yokusebenza kwemitholampilo. UJ Am Coll Cardiol. I-2018; 71 (19): e127-e248. I-PMID: 29146535 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29146535.

Williams B, Borkum M. Pharmacologic ukwelashwa komfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ku: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, abahleli. I-Nephrology Yomtholampilo Ephelele. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 36.