I-Apraxia

I-Apraxia ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho nohlelo lwezinzwa lapho umuntu engakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi noma ukunyakaza lapho ebuzwa, noma:

• Isicelo noma umyalo uyaqondakala
• Bazimisele ukwenza lo msebenzi
• Imisipha yayidinga ukwenza umsebenzi kahle
• Kungenzeka ukuthi umsebenzi wawusuvele ufundiwe

I-apraxia idalwa ukulimala ebuchosheni. Lapho i-apraxia iba kumuntu obekwazi ukwenza imisebenzi noma amakhono phambilini, ibizwa ngokuthi i-apraxia etholakele.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-apraxia etholakalayo yilezi:

• Isigaxa sobuchopho
• Isimo esidala ukuwohloka kancane kancane kobuchopho nesistimu yezinzwa (ukugula okungenayo i-neurodegenerative)
• Ukuwohloka komqondo
• Unhlangothi
• Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu
• IHydrocephalus

I-Apraxia nayo ingabonakala lapho izalwa. Izimpawu ziyavela njengoba ingane ikhula futhi ikhula. Imbangela ayaziwa.

I-apraxia yokukhuluma ivame ukuba khona kanye nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo okubizwa nge- aphasia. Ngokuya ngesizathu se-apraxia, ezinye izinkinga zobuchopho noma zesistimu yezinzwa zingaba khona.

Umuntu one-apraxia akakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukunyakaza okulungile kwemisipha. Ngezinye izikhathi, kusetshenziswa igama noma isenzo esihluke ngokuphelele kunaleso obehlose ukushiwo noma ukwenziwa umuntu. Umuntu uvame ukulibona iphutha.

Izimpawu ze-apraxia yokukhuluma zifaka:

• Imisindo yenkulumo noma amagama asontekile, aphindaphindiwe noma ashiyiwe. Umuntu unenkinga yokubeka amagama ndawonye ngokulandelana.
• Kunzima ukubiza igama elifanele
• Ubunzima obuningi bokusebenzisa amagama amade, kungaba ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma kwesinye isikhathi
• Ikhono lokusebenzisa imishwana emifushane, yansuku zonke noma izisho (ezifana nokuthi "Unjani?") Ngaphandle kwenkinga
• Ikhono lokubhala elingcono kunekhono lokukhuluma

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-apraxia zifaka:

• I-Buccofacial noma i-orofacial apraxia. Ukwehluleka ukwenza ukunyakaza kobuso ngokufunwa, njengokukhotha izindebe, ukukhipha ulimi, noma ukushaya ikhwela.
• I-apraxia ekahle. Ukwehluleka ukwenza imisebenzi yokufunda, eyinkimbinkimbi ngokulandelana, njengokufaka amasokisi ngaphambi kokufaka izicathulo.
• I-ideomotor apraxia. Ukwehluleka ukwenza umsebenzi wokufunda ngokuzithandela lapho unikezwa izinto ezidingekayo. Isibonelo, uma enikezwe i-screwdriver, umuntu angazama ukubhala nayo kube sengathi ipeni.
• I-limbra kinetic apraxia. Kunzima ukwenza ukunyakaza okuqondile ngengalo noma ngomlenze. Kuba nzima ukukhipha ihembe noma ukubopha isicathulo. Ku-gait apraxia, kuba nzima ngomuntu ukuthatha ngisho isinyathelo esincane. I-Gait apraxia ivame ukubonakala kumfutho ojwayelekile we-hydrocephalus.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa uma imbangela yalesi sifo ingaziwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT noma kwe-MRI kobuchopho kungasiza ukukhombisa isimila, isifo sohlangothi, noma okunye ukulimala kobuchopho.
• I-electroencephalogram (i-EEG) ingasetshenziselwa ukukhipha isithuthwane njengesizathu se-apraxia.
• Umpompi womgogodla ungenziwa ukuhlola ukuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka okuthinta ubuchopho.

Ulimi olujwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kwengqondo kufanele kwenziwe uma kusolwa i-apraxia yokukhuluma. Ukuhlola okunye ukukhubazeka kokufunda kungadingeka futhi.

Abantu abane-apraxia bangazuza ekwelashweni yithimba lezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Iqembu kufanele lifake namalungu omndeni.

Abelaphi basemsebenzini nasekukhulumeni badlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni abantu abane-apraxia nabanakekeli babo ukuthi bafunde izindlela zokubhekana nalesi sifo.

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, abelaphi bazogxila ku:

• Ukuphindaphinda imisindo ukufundisa ukunyakaza komlomo
• Ukunciphisa inkulumo yomuntu
• Ukufundisa amasu ahlukene okusiza ngokuxhumana

Ukuqashelwa nokwelashwa kwengcindezi kubalulekile kubantu abane-apraxia.

Ukusiza ngokuxhumana, umndeni nabangane kufanele:

• Gwema ukunikeza izinkomba eziyinkimbinkimbi.
• Sebenzisa amabinzana alula ukugwema ukungaqondani.
• Khuluma ngezwi elijwayelekile lezwi. I-apraxia yenkulumo akuyona inkinga yokuzwa.
• Ungacabangi ukuthi lowo muntu uyaqonda.
• Nikeza izinsiza zokuxhumana, uma kungenzeka, kuya ngomuntu nesimo.

Amanye amathiphu wokuphila kwansuku zonke afaka:

• Gcina indawo ekhululekile, enokuthula.
• Thatha isikhathi ukukhombisa umuntu one-apraxia ukuthi angawenza kanjani umsebenzi, futhi unike isikhathi esanele sokuba enze kanjalo. Musa ukubacela ukuba baphinde umsebenzi uma kucaca ukuthi balwa nawo futhi ukwenza kanjalo kuzokhulisa ukukhungatheka.
• Phakamisa ezinye izindlela zokwenza izinto ezifanayo. Isibonelo, thenga izicathulo ngokuvalwa kwe-hook ne-loop esikhundleni sezintambo.

Uma ukudangala noma ukukhungatheka kunzima, ukwelulekwa ngempilo yengqondo kungasiza.

Abantu abaningi abane-apraxia abasakwazi ukuzimela futhi bangaba nenkinga yokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Buza umhlinzeki wezempilo ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi engaphepha noma engaphephile. Gwema imisebenzi engadala ukulimala futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele.

Ukuba ne-apraxia kungaholela ku:

• Izinkinga zokufunda
• Ukuzenyeza
• Izinkinga zomphakathi

Xhumana nomhlinzeki uma othile enenkinga yokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke noma enezinye izimpawu ze-apraxia ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi noma ukulimala ebuchosheni.

Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi nokulimala ebuchosheni kungasiza ekuvikeleni izimo eziholela ku-apraxia.

I-apraxia yomlomo; IDyspraxia; Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo - i-apraxia; I-apraxia yokukhuluma kwengane; I-apraxia yokukhuluma; I-apraxia etholakele

I-Basilakos A. Izindlela zesimanje zokuphathwa kwe-post-stroke apraxia yokukhuluma. I-Semin Speech Lang. I-2018; 39 (1): 25-36. I-PMID: 29359303 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29359303/.

Kirshner HS. I-Dysarthria ne-apraxia yokukhuluma. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 14.

I-National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders iwebhusayithi. I-apraxia yokukhuluma. www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/apraxia-speech. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 31, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 21, 2020.