I-Hepatitis B - izingane

I-Hepatitis B ezinganeni iyizicubu ezivuvukalayo nezishisayo zesibindi ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane le-hepatitis B (HBV).

Ezinye izifo ezivamile zokutheleleka nge-hepatitis zihlanganisa i-hepatitis A ne-hepatitis C.

I-HBV itholakala egazini noma oketshezini lomzimba (isidoda, izinyembezi, noma amathe) womuntu onegciwane. Leli gciwane alikho esitobhini (endleni).

Ingane ingathola i-HBV ngokuthintana negazi noma uketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onegciwane. Ukuvezwa kungenzeka kusuka ku:

• Umama one-HBV ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Akubonakali ukuthi i-HBV idluliselwa embungwini ngenkathi isisesibelethweni sikanina.
• Ukulunywa okuvela kumuntu onegciwane okuphula isikhumba.
• Igazi, amathe, noma yiluphi olunye uketshezi lomzimba oluvela kumuntu onegciwane olungathinta ikhefu noma ukuvula esikhunjeni, emehlweni, noma emlonyeni wengane.
• Ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu, njengebhulashi lamazinyo, nomuntu onegciwane.
• Ukunamathela ngenaliti ngemuva kokusetshenziswa komuntu one-HBV.

Ingane ayikwazi ukuthola i-hepatitis B ngokugona, ukuqabula, ukukhwehlela, noma ukuthimula. Ukuncelisa ibele kukamama one-hepatitis B kuphephile uma ingane yelashwa kahle ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

Intsha engagonyiwe ingathola i-HBV ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini olungaphephile noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Iningi lezingane ezine-hepatitis B azinazo noma zinezimpawu ezimbalwa nje. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu azivamile ukuba nezimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Izingane ezindala zingaba nezimpawu ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4 ngemuva kokuba igciwane lingene emzimbeni. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokutheleleka okusha noma kwakamuva yilezi:

• Ukulahleka kwesifiso
• Ukukhathala
• Umkhuhlane ophansi
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Isikhumba esiphuzi namehlo (i-jaundice)
• Umchamo omnyama

Uma umzimba ukwazi ukulwa ne-HBV, izimpawu ziphela emasontweni ambalwa kuye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-acute hepatitis B. I-hepatitis B enamandla ayibangeli zinkinga ezihlala njalo.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yengane yakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi yi-hepatitis viral panel. Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza ukuxilonga:

• Ukutheleleka okusha (i-hepatitis B enamandla)
• Ukutheleleka okungapheli noma okuhlala isikhathi eside (i-hepatitis B engapheli)
• Ukutheleleka okwenzeke esikhathini esedlule, kepha akusekho

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kuthola ukulimala kwesibindi kanye nengozi yomdlavuza wesibindi kusuka ku-hepatitis B engapheli:

• Izinga le-albhamu
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi
• Isikhathi se-Prothrombin
• I-biopsy yesibindi
• I-ultrasound yesisu
• Omaka besifo somdlavuza wesibindi njenge-alpha fetoprotein

Umhlinzeki uzohlola nomthamo wegciwane le-HBV egazini. Lokhu kuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi impatho yengane yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani.

I-hepatitis B enamandla ayidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Amasosha omzimba wengane yakho azolwa nalesi sifo. Uma lungekho uphawu lokutheleleka nge-HBV ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ingane yakho isilulame ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi igciwane likhona, ingane yakho ingalidlulisela kwabanye. Kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zokusiza ukuvikela lesi sifo ukuthi singasabalali.

I-hepatitis B engapheli idinga ukwelashwa. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuqeda noma yiziphi izimpawu, ukuvimbela isifo ukuthi singasabalali, nokusiza ukuvikela isifo sesibindi. Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho:

• Uthola ukuphumula okuningi
• Uphuza uketshezi oluningi
• Udla ukudla okunempilo

Umhlinzeki wengane yakho futhi angancoma imithi elwa namagciwane. Imithi yehlisa noma isuse i-HBV egazini:

• I-Interferon alpha-2b (Intron A) inganikezwa izingane ezineminyaka engu-1 nangaphezulu.
• I-Lamivudine (i-Epivir) ne-entecavir (iBaraclude) isetshenziswa ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-2 nangaphezulu.
• I-Tenofovir (Viread) inikezwa izingane ezineminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu.

Akucaci njalo ukuthi imiphi imithi okufanele inikezwe. Izingane ezine-hepatitis B engapheli zingayithola le mithi lapho:

• Ukusebenza kwesibindi ngokushesha kuba kubi kakhulu
• Isibindi sikhombisa izimpawu zokulimala kwesikhathi eside
• Izinga le-HBV liphezulu egazini

Izingane eziningi ziyakwazi ukukhipha i-HBV emzimbeni wazo futhi azinaso isifo esithelela isikhathi eside.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane aziyikhiphi i-HBV. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukutheleleka okungapheli kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B.

• Izingane ezincane zivame kakhulu ukuthola i-hepatitis B.
• Lezi zingane azizwa zigula, futhi ziphila impilo enempilo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bangahle bahlakulele izimpawu zokulimala kwesibindi isikhathi eside (okungapheli).

Cishe zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nengxenye yezingane ezithola i-hepatitis B zikhulisa isimo sesikhathi eside (esingapheli). Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhle ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuqinisekisa isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Isifo ngeke sithinte ukukhula nentuthuko kwengane yakho. Ukuqapha njalo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphatheni lesi sifo ezinganeni.

Kufanele futhi usize ingane yakho ukuthi ifunde ukuthi ingakugwema kanjani ukusabalalisa lesi sifo manje nasebudaleni.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka ze-hepatitis B zifaka:

• Ukulimala kwesibindi
• Isibindi sokuqina kwesibindi
• Umdlavuza wesibindi

Lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile zenzeka lapho usukhulile.

Shayela umhlinzeki wengane yakho uma:

• Ingane yakho inezimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B
• Izimpawu ze-hepatitis B azipheli
• Izimpawu ezintsha ziyakhula
• Ingane iseqenjini elisengozini enkulu yesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B futhi ayikaze ithole umuthi wokugomela i-HBV

Uma owesifazane okhulelwe ene-hepatitis B ebucayi noma engapheli, lezi zinyathelo zithathwa ukuvimbela igciwane ukuthi lingadluliselwa enganeni lapho izalwa:

• Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa kufanele zithole umuthi wokugoma wokuqala we-hepatitis B kanye nomthamo owodwa wama-immunoglobulin (IG) kungakapheli amahora ayi-12.
• Ingane kufanele igcwalise yonke imithi yokugoma i-hepatitis B njengoba kunconyiwe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala.
• Abanye besifazane abakhulelwe bangathola imishanguzo yokwehlisa izinga le-HBV egazini labo.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B:

• Izingane kufanele zithole umthamo wokuqala wokugoma i-hepatitis B lapho izalwa. Kufanele babe nawo wonke amahlumela ama-3 ochungechungeni ngezinyanga ezineminyaka eyisithupha.
• Izingane ezingakawutholi umuthi wokugoma kufanele zithole imithamo "yokubamba".
• Izingane kufanele zigweme ukuthintana negazi noketshezi lomzimba.
• Izingane akufanele zabelane ngamabhulashi wamazinyo noma ezinye izinto ezingatheleleka.
• Bonke abesifazane kufanele bahlolwe i-HBV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Omama abanesifo se-HBV bangancelisa ingane yabo ibele ngemuva kokugoma.

Ukutheleleka buthule - izingane ze-HBV; Imishanguzo - izingane ezinesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B; Izingane ze-HBV; Ukukhulelwa - izingane ze-hepatitis B; Ukudluliselwa komama - izingane ze-hepatitis B

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Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Izitatimende zolwazi lokugoma: imigomo yokuqala yengane yakho. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/multi.html. Kubuyekezwe u-Ephreli 5, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 27, 2020.

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