I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma ezinganeni

I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) umdlavuza wezicubu zomzimba. Izicubu ze-lymph zitholakala kuma-lymph node, ubende, amalaka, umnkantsha, nezinye izitho zomzimba. Amasosha omzimba asivikela ezifweni nasezifweni.

Lo mbhalo ukhuluma nge-NHL ezinganeni.

I-NHL ivame ukwenzeka kaningi kubantu abadala. Kepha izingane zithola izinhlobo ezithile ze-NHL. I-NHL yenzeka kaningi kubafana. Imvamisa akwenzeki ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka yobudala engu-3.

Isizathu esiqondile se-NHL ezinganeni asikaziwa. Kepha, ukukhula kwama-lymphomas ezinganeni kuhlotshaniswe ne:

• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza okwedlule (ukwelashwa ngemisebe, i-chemotherapy)
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ekufakweni komzimba
• Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr, igciwane elibangela i-mononucleosis
• Ukutheleleka nge-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-NHL. Ukwahlukaniswa okukodwa (ukwenza iqembu) ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Umdlavuza ungaba ibanga eliphansi (ukukhula kancane), ibanga eliphakathi, noma ibanga eliphakeme (ukukhula ngokushesha).

I-NHL iphinde yaqoqwa yi:

• Amangqamuzana abukeka kanjani ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu
• Luvela enhlobeni yamaseli amhlophe egazi
• Noma ngabe kukhona ushintsho oluthile lwe-DNA kumaseli wesimila uqobo

Izimpawu zincike ekutheni iyiphi indawo emzimbeni ethintwa ngumdlavuza nokuthi umdlavuza ukhula ngokushesha kangakanani.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• I-lymph nodes evuvukile entanyeni, ngaphansi kwekhwapha, esiswini noma emgodini
• Ukuvuvukala okungenabuhlungu noma isigaxa esendeni
• Ukuvuvukala kwekhanda, intamo, izingalo noma umzimba ongaphezulu
• Inkinga yokugwinya
• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ukuqhuma
• Ukukhwehlela okungapheli
• Ukuvuvukala esiswini
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Ukukhathala
• Umkhuhlane ongachazeki

Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzothatha umlando wezempilo wengane yakho. Umhlinzeki uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukuze ahlole ama-lymph node avuvukile.

Umhlinzeki angenza lezi zivivinyo zebhu lapho kusolwa i-NHL:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali egazi kufaka phakathi amazinga wamaprotheni, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso, kanye nezinga le-uric acid
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• I-ESR ("isilinganiso sed")
• I-x-ray yesifuba, evame ukukhombisa izimpawu zobunzima endaweni ephakathi kwamaphaphu

I-lymph node biopsy iqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-NHL.

Uma i-biopsy ikhombisa ukuthi ingane yakho ine-NHL, kuzokwenziwa izivivinyo eziningi ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isiteji. Isiteji sisiza ukuhola ukwelashwa nokulandelwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

• I-CT scan yesifuba, isisu kanye nesifuba
• I-bone marrow biopsy
• Ukuskena kwe-PET

I-Immunophenotyping ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri okusetshenziselwa ukukhomba amaseli, ngokuya ngezinhlobo zama-antigen noma omaka ebusweni beseli. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga uhlobo oluthile lwe-lymphoma ngokuqhathanisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza namaseli ajwayelekile amasosha omzimba.

Ungakhetha ukukhetha ukunakekelwa esikhungweni somdlavuza wezingane.

Ukwelashwa kuzoya ngokuthi:

• Uhlobo lwe-NHL (kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-NHL)
• Isiteji (lapho umdlavuza usakaze khona)
• Iminyaka yengane yakho kanye nempilo yonke
• Izimpawu zengane yakho, kufaka phakathi ukwehla kwesisindo, imfiva, nokujuluka ebusuku

I-Chemotherapy imvamisa ukwelashwa kokuqala:

• Ingane yakho ingadinga ukuhlala esibhedlela ekuqaleni. Kodwa ukwelashwa okuningi kwe-NHL kunganikezwa emtholampilo, futhi ingane yakho isazohlala ekhaya.
• I-Chemotherapy inikezwa ikakhulukazi emithanjeni (IV), kepha enye i-chemotherapy inikezwa ngomlomo.

Ingane yakho nayo ingathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe isebenzisa ama-x-ray aphethwe ngamandla ezindaweni ezithintekile zomdlavuza.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zingafaka:

• Ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe okusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma amasosha omzimba ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okuphuza kakhulu kungalandelwa ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell (usebenzisa ama-stem cell wengane yakho).
• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa lolu hlobo lomdlavuza akuvamile, kepha kungadingeka kwezinye izimo.

Ukuba nengane enomdlavuza kungenye yezinto ezinzima kunazo zonke ongake ubhekane nazo njengomzali. Ukuchaza ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba nomdlavuza enganeni yakho ngeke kube lula. Uzodinga futhi nokufunda ukuthi ungaluthola kanjani usizo nokuxhaswa ukuze ukwazi ukubhekana kalula nalokhu.

Ukuba nengane enomdlavuza kungaba yingcindezi. Ukujoyina iqembu lokwesekwa lapho abanye abazali noma imindeni yabelana ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka kwakho.

• Umphakathi We-Leukemia neLymphoma - www.lls.org
• INational Children's Cancer Society - www.thenccs.org/how-we-help/

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-NHL ziyelapheka. Ngisho nezigaba zakamuva ze-NHL ziyelapheka ezinganeni.

Ingane yakho izodinga ukuhlolwa njalo nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging iminyaka ngemuva kokwelashwa ukuze iqiniseke ukuthi isimila asibuyi.

Noma isimila sibuya, maningi amathuba okuthi silapheke.

Ukulandelwa njalo kuzosiza iqembu lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi lihlole izimpawu zokubuya komdlavuza kanye nemiphumela yokwelashwa yesikhathi eside.

Ukwelashwa kwe-NHL kungaba nezinkinga. Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe ingavela izinyanga noma iminyaka ukwelashwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "imiphumela yesikhathi esedlule." Kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngemiphumela yokwelashwa nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Yini ongayilindela ngokuya ngemiphumela yesikhathi esedlule kuncike ekwelashweni okuthile okutholwa yingane yakho. Ukukhathazeka kwemiphumela yangemva kwesikhathi kufanele kulinganiswe yisidingo sokwelapha nokwelapha umdlavuza.

Shayela umhlinzeki wengane yakho uma ingane yakho ivuvukele ama-lymph node ngomkhuhlane ongachazeki ongapheli noma onezinye izimpawu ze-NHL.

Uma ingane yakho ine-NHL, shayela umhlinzeki uma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane oqhubekayo noma ezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka.

I-Lymphoma - engeyona iHodgkin - izingane; I-lymphoblastic lymphoma - izingane; I-Burkitt lymphoma - izingane; Ama-lymphomas amakhulu amaseli - izingane, umdlavuza - i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma - izingane; Ukusabalalisa i-B-cell lymphoma enkulu - izingane; I-Mature B cell lymphoma - izingane; I-Anaplastic enkulu cell lymphoma

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Cancer Society. Yini i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma ezinganeni? www.cancer.org/cancer/childhood-non-hodgkin-lymphoma/about/non-hodgkin-lymphomain-children.html. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 1, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 7, 2020.

UHochberg J, uGoldman SC, uCairo MS. I-Lymphoma. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 523.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kwe-non-Hodgkin lymphoma ebuntwaneni (PDQ) - inguqulo yezobuchwepheshe yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/child-nhl-ukwelapha-pdq. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 12, 2021. Kufinyelelwe kuFebhuwari 23, 2021.