Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ezinganeni

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yisimo esiphumela lapho inhliziyo ingasakwazi ukumpompa kahle igazi elicebile oksijini ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomoya-mpilo zezicubu zomzimba nezitho zomzimba.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungenzeka lapho:

• Imisipha yenhliziyo yengane yakho iba buthakathaka futhi ayikwazi ukukhipha (ukukhipha) igazi eliphuma enhliziyweni kahle kakhulu.
• Imisipha yenhliziyo yengane yakho iqinile futhi inhliziyo ayigcwali igazi kalula.

Inhliziyo yakhiwa izinhlelo ezimbili ezizimele zokumpompa. Elinye lingakwesokudla, kanti elinye lingakwesobunxele. Ngamunye unamakamelo amabili, i-atrium ne-ventricle. Ama-ventricle angamaphampu amakhulu enhliziyweni.

Uhlelo olulungile luthola igazi emithanjeni yomzimba wonke. Leli ligazi "eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka", elimpofu nge-oxygen futhi elinothe nge-carbon dioxide.

Uhlelo lwesobunxele luthola igazi emaphashini. Leli ligazi "elibomvu" manje elinothe nge-oxygen. Igazi lishiya inhliziyo lingene nge-aorta, umthambo omkhulu ondla igazi kuwo wonke umzimba.

Amaphayiphu angumbhoshongo wemisipha ovuleka futhi uvalwe ukuze igazi ligeleze ngendlela efanele. Kunama-valve amane enhliziyweni.

Enye indlela ejwayelekile ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwenzeka ezinganeni kulapho igazi elivela ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo lihlangana nohlangothi lwangakwesokudla lwenhliziyo. Lokhu kuholela ekuchichimeni kwegazi emaphashini noma kwelinye lamagumbi enhliziyo. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo noma imithambo yegazi emikhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Imbobo phakathi kwamakamelo aphezulu noma angaphansi enhliziyo
• Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi emikhulu
• Ama-valve enhliziyo angaphelele avuza noma ancishisiwe
• Iphutha ekwakhekeni kwamakamelo enhliziyo

Ukukhula okungajwayelekile noma ukulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo kungenye imbangela ejwayelekile yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungabangelwa:

• Ukutheleleka okuvela kwigciwane noma amabhaktheriya adala ukulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo noma ama-valve wenhliziyo
• Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ezinye izifo, imvamisa izidakamizwa zomdlavuza
• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha, njenge-muscular dystrophy
• Izinkinga zofuzo eziholela ekukhuleni okungavamile kwemisipha yenhliziyo

Njengoba ukupompa kwenhliziyo kungasebenzi kahle, igazi lingase libuyele emuva kwezinye izindawo zomzimba.

• Uketshezi lungakha emaphashini, esibindini, esiswini, nasezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokwehluleka kwenhliziyo okucinana.
• Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo zingaba khona lapho kuzalwa, ziqale phakathi namasonto okuqala okuphila, noma zikhule kancane enganeni endala.

Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo ezinganeni zingabandakanya:

• Izinkinga zokuphefumula, njengokuphefumula okusheshayo noma ukuphefumula okubonakala kuthatha umzamo omkhulu. Lokhu kungabonwa lapho ingane iphumule noma lapho idla noma ikhala.
• Ukuthatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile ukuphakela noma ukukhathala kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokudla ngemuva kwesikhashana.
• Ukuqaphela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okuqinile odongeni lwesifuba lapho ingane iphumule.
• Ukungatholi isisindo esanele.

Izimpawu ezivamile ezinganeni ezindala yilezi:

• Khwehlela
• Ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ukuquleka
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Udinga ukuchama ebusuku
• Pulse ezizwa ishesha noma ingajwayelekile, noma umuzwa wokuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo (ukushaya ngamandla)
• Ukuphefumula lapho ingane isebenza noma ngemuva kokulala phansi
• Kuvuvukala (kukhulisiwe) isibindi noma isisu
• Zivuvukile izinyawo namaqakala
• Ukuvuka ebuthongweni ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa ngenxa yokuphefumula okuncane
• Ukuzuza kwesisindo

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzohlola ingane yakho ukuthola izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo:

• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo noma okunzima
• Ukuvuvukala komlenze (i-edema)
• Imithambo yezintambo ephuma ngaphandle (isuswe)
• Imisindo (imifantu) ephuma ekwakhiweni ketshezi emaphashini engane yakho, izwakala nge-stethoscope
• Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi noma isisu
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungalingani noma okusheshayo nemisindo yenhliziyo engajwayelekile

Ukuhlolwa okuningi kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga nokuqapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.

I-x-ray yesifuba kanye ne-echocardiogram zivame kakhulu ukuhlolwa kokuqala okuhle lapho kuhlolisiswa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Umhlinzeki wakho uzozisebenzisa ukuqondisa ukwelashwa kwengane yakho.

I-catheterization yenhliziyo ihilela ukudlulisa ithubhu elincane eliguquguqukayo (ipayipi) ngakwesokunene noma ngakwesobunxele senhliziyo. Kungenziwa ukukala ukucindezela, ukugeleza kwegazi, namazinga e-oxygen ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zenhliziyo.

Okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging kungabheka ukuthi inhliziyo yengane yakho ikwazi kangakanani ukumpompa igazi, nokuthi imisipha yenhliziyo yonakele kangakanani.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningi kungasetshenziselwa uku:

• Siza ukuxilonga nokuqapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Bheka izimbangela zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo noma izinkinga ezingenza ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kube kubi kakhulu
• Bheka imiphumela emibi yemithi ingane yakho engayiphuza

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka inhlanganisela yokuqapha, ukuzinakekela, kanye nemithi nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

UKUQAPHA NOKUZINAKEKELA

Ingane yakho izoba nokuvakashelwa kokulandelela okungenani njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuvame kakhulu. Ingane yakho nayo izovivinywa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Bonke abazali nabanakekeli kumele bafunde ukuthi ingane ingaqashelwa kanjani ekhaya, futhi kudingeka ufunde nezimpawu zokuthi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuya ngokuya kuba kubi. Ukubona izimpawu kusenesikhathi kuzosiza ingane yakho ukuthi iphume esibhedlela.

• Ekhaya, bukela ushintsho ekushayeni kwenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, nesisindo.
• Khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho ngalokho okufanele ukwenze lapho isisindo sikhuphuka noma ingane yakho iba nezimpawu eziningi.
• Nciphisa ukuthi udla usawoti ongakanani ingane yakho. Udokotela wakho futhi angakucela ukuthi unciphise ukuthi ingane yakho iphuza okungakanani uketshezi phakathi nosuku.
• Ingane yakho idinga ukuthola amakhalori anele ukuze ikhule futhi ikhule. Ezinye izingane zidinga amashubhu okondla.
• Umhlinzeki wengane yakho anganikeza uhlelo lokuphepha nokuzivocavoca oluphephile nolusebenzayo.

IMITHI, UKUHLOLA, NAMADIVAYISI

Ingane yakho izodinga ukuthatha imithi yokwelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Imithi ilapha izimpawu futhi ivimbela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ekubeni kubi kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane yakho iphuze noma yimiphi imithi njengokuyalelwa yithimba lezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Le mithi:

• Siza iphampu yemisipha yenhliziyo kangcono
• Gcina igazi linganqabi
• Vula imithambo yegazi noma wehlise izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo ukuze inhliziyo ingasebenzi kanzima
• Nciphisa ukulimala enhliziyweni
• Nciphisa ubungozi besigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• Susa umzimba oketshezi okweqile nosawoti (i-sodium)
• Faka esikhundleni se-potassium
• Vimbela amahlule egazi ekwakhiweni

Ingane yakho kufanele iphuze imithi njengoba iyalelwe. UNGATHATHI noma imuphi omunye umuthi noma amakhambi ngaphandle kokubuza umhlinzeki ngawo. Izidakamizwa ezivamile ezingenza ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo zibe zimbi zifaka:

• I-Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
• I-Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)

Ukuhlinzwa okulandelayo namadivayisi kunganconywa kwezinye izingane ezinokwehluleka kwenhliziyo:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuhlukile.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo.
• I-pacemaker ingasiza ekwelapheni ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane noma isize zombili izinhlangothi zenkontileka yenhliziyo yengane yakho ngasikhathi sinye. I-pacemaker yinto encane, esebenza ngebhethri efakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba esifubeni.
• Izingane ezinokwehluleka kwenhliziyo zingaba sengozini yemigqi yenhliziyo eyingozi. Imvamisa bathola i-defibrillator efakiwe.
• Ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo kungadingeka ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo okunzima, okugcina.

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside incike ezintweni eziningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Yiziphi izinhlobo zokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo ezikhona nokuthi zingalungiswa yini
• Ukwanda kwanoma yikuphi ukulimala okungapheli emisipheni yenhliziyo
• Ezinye izinkinga zempilo noma zofuzo ezingaba khona

Imvamisa, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungalawulwa ngokuthatha umuthi, ukwenza izinguquko endleleni ophila ngayo, kanye nokwelapha isimo esidale lokho.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ingane yakho ikhula:

• Ukukhwehlela okwandayo noma i-phlegm
• Ukuzuza kwesisindo ngokungazelelwe noma ukuvuvukala
• Ukondla okungekuhle noma ukukhuphuka kwesisindo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ubuthakathaka
• Ezinye izimpawu ezintsha noma ezingachazwanga

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo (efana ne-911) uma ingane yakho:

• Uyaquleka
• Inokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokungajwayelekile (ikakhulukazi ngezinye izimpawu)
• Uzwa ubuhlungu obucindezelayo besifuba

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yokucinana - izingane; Cor pulmonale - izingane; I-Cardiomyopathy - izingane; CHF - izingane; Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzelwe - ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ezinganeni; Isifo senhliziyo i-cyanotic - ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ezinganeni; Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwenhliziyo - ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ezinganeni

U-Aydin SI, uSiddiqi N, uJanson CM, et al. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo yezingane kanye ne-cardiomyopathies yezingane. Ku: Ungerleider RM, Meliones JN, McMillian KN, Cooper DS, Jacobs JP, eds. Isifo senhliziyo esibucayi ezinganeni nasezinganeni. 3rd ed. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 72.

Bernstein D. Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ku: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, ama-eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhla ka-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 442.

I-Starc TJ, iHayes CJ, iHordof AJ. I-Cardiology. Ku: Polin RA, Ditmar MF, ama-eds. Izimfihlo Zengane. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 3.