Isifo seMyelodysplastic

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome iyiqembu lezinkinga lapho amangqamuzana egazi akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethambo engakhuli abe amaseli anempilo. Lokhu kukushiya unamaseli egazi ambalwa anempilo emzimbeni wakho. Amaseli egazi akhule angahle asebenze kahle.

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) uhlobo lomdlavuza. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu, i-MDS ingahle ikhule ibe yi-acute myeloid leukemia.

Ama-stem cells emnkantsheni wethambo akha izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli egazi. Nge-MDS, i-DNA ekuma-stem cells iyalimala. Ngenxa yokuthi i-DNA yonakele, ama-stem cells awakwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi anempilo.

Imbangela ngqo ye-MDS ayaziwa. Ezimweni eziningi, asikho isizathu esaziwayo.

Izici zobungozi ze-MDS zifaka:

• Izinkinga ezithile zofuzo
• Ukuvezwa kumakhemikhali ezemvelo noma ezezimboni, umanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane, izincibilikisi, noma izinsimbi ezisindayo
• Ukubhema

Ukwelashwa ngaphambi komdlavuza kwandisa ingozi ye-MDS. Lokhu kubizwa nge-MDS yesibili noma ehlobene nokwelashwa.

• Izidakamizwa ezithile ze-chemotherapy zandisa amathuba okuba ne-MDS. Lokhu kuyingozi enkulu.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe, lapho kusetshenziswa i-chemotherapy, kwandisa ingozi ye-MDS ngisho nangaphezulu.
• Abantu abane-stem cell transplants bangaba ne-MDS ngoba nabo bathola imithamo ephezulu ye-chemotherapy.

I-MDS ivame ukuvela kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu. Kuvame kakhulu emadodeni.

Isigaba sokuqala i-MDS kaningi ayinazo izimpawu. I-MDS ivame ukutholakala phakathi kokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Abantu abanezibalo eziphansi kakhulu zegazi bavame ukuzwa izimpawu. Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni lwengqamuzana legazi elithintekile, futhi zifaka:

• Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala ngenxa yokushoda kwegazi
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukulinyazwa okulula nokopha
• Amachashazi amancane abomvu noma ansomi akhonjwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba abangelwa ukopha
• Ukutheleleka njalo nomkhuhlane

Abantu abane-MDS baswele amaseli egazi. I-MDS inganciphisa inani elilodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu:

• Amaseli abomvu egazi
• Amaseli egazi amhlophe
• Amaplatelets

Ukuma kwalawa maseli nakho kungashintshwa. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzobala inani eliphelele legazi kanye ne-smear yegazi ukuthola ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwamaseli egazi athintekile.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezingenziwa yilezi:

• Ukufiswa komnkantsha we-Bone kanye ne-biopsy.
• I-Cytochemistry, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, kanye ne-immunophenotyping test kusetshenziselwa ukukhomba nokuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezithile ze-MDS.
• I-cytogenetics ne-fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kofuzo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-cytogenetic kungathola ukudluliswa nokunye okungajwayelekile kofuzo. I-FISH isetshenziselwa ukukhomba izinguquko ezithile ngaphakathi kwama-chromosomes. Ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kungasiza ekunqumeni impendulo ekwelashweni.

Ezinye zalezi zivivinyo zizosiza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-MDS onalo. Lokhu kuzosiza umhlinzeki wakho ukuhlela ukwelashwa kwakho.

Umhlinzeki wakho angachaza i-MDS yakho njengengozi enkulu, ingozi ephakathi, noma ingozi ephansi ngesisekelo se:

• Ubukhulu bokushoda kwamaseli egazi emzimbeni wakho
• Izinhlobo zezinguquko ku-DNA yakho
• Inani lamaseli amhlophe angavuthiwe emnkantsheni wakho wethambo

Njengoba kunengozi yokuba i-MDS ikhule ibe yi-AML, ukulandela umkhondo njalo nomhlinzeki wakho kungadingeka.

Ukwelashwa kwakho kuzoya ngezici eziningana:

• Noma ngabe usengozini encane noma usengozini enkulu
• Uhlobo lwe-MDS onalo
• Iminyaka yakho, impilo, kanye nezinye izimo ongaba nazo, njengesifo sikashukela noma isifo senhliziyo

Inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-MDS ukuvikela izinkinga ngenxa yokushoda kwamaseli egazi, ukutheleleka nokopha. Ingaqukatha:

• Ukumpontshelwa igazi
• Izidakamizwa ezikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi
• Izidakamizwa ezicindezela amasosha omzimba
• I-chemotherapy ephansi yokwenza ngcono ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi
• Ukufakelwa kabusha kwe-stem cell

Umhlinzeki wakho angazama ukwelashwa okukodwa noma okuningi ukubona ukuthi i-MDS yakho iphendula ini.

Umbono uzoncika ohlotsheni lwakho lwe-MDS nobukhulu bezimpawu. Impilo yakho iyonke ingathinta namathuba akho okululama. Abantu abaningi bane-MDS ezinzile engaqhubeki ibe ngumdlavuza iminyaka, uma kwenzeka.

Abanye abantu abane-MDS bangahle bahlakulele i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Izinkinga ze-MDS zifaka:

• Ukopha
• Izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia, izifo zesisu, izifo zomchamo
• I-leukemia ye-myeloid enamandla

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Zizwe ubuthakathaka futhi ukhathele isikhathi esiningi
• Ukuqhuma noma ukopha kalula, wopha izinsini noma ukopha kaningi
• Uqaphela izindawo ezibomvu noma nsomi zokopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba

Ukulimala kwe-Myeloid; Isifo se-Myelodysplastic; MDS; Preleukemia; Ukuqhuma komdlavuza wegazi; I-anemia ephikisayo; I-cytopenia ephikisayo

• Ukufiswa komnkantsha wethambo

UHasserjian RP, oyiNhloko uDkt. Ama-syndromes we-Myelodysplastic. Ku: Jaffe ES, Arber DA, Campo E, Harris NL, Quintanilla-Martinez L, abahleli. I-Hematopathology. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 45.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kwe-Myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasms (PDQ) - inguqulo yezobuchwepheshe yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 1, 2019. Kufinyelelwe kuDisemba 17, 2019.

I-Steensma DP, i-Stone RM. Ama-syndromes kaMyelodysplastic. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 172.