I-Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Yini i-leukemia?
• Yini i-acute lymphocytic leukemia (BONKE)?
• Yini ebangela i-acute lymphocytic leukemia (BONKE)?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?
• Itholakala kanjani i-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

Isifinyezo

Yini i-leukemia?

I-leukemia yigama lomdlavuza wamaseli egazi. I-leukemia iqala ezicutshini ezakha igazi njengomnkantsha wethambo. Umnkantsha wakho wenza amaseli azokhula abe ngamaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, nama-platelets. Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli lunomsebenzi ohlukile:

• Amaseli egazi amhlophe asiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka
• Amaseli egazi abomvu aletha umoya-mpilo emaphashini akho uye ezicutshini nasezithweni zakho
• Ama-platelets asiza ukwakha amahlule ukuze ayeke ukopha

Uma une-leukemia, umnkantsha wakho wenza inani elikhulu lamaseli angajwayelekile. Le nkinga ivame ukwenzeka ngamaseli amhlophe egazi. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile akhela emnkantsheni nasegazini lakho. Bagcwalisa amangqamuzana egazi aphilile futhi bakwenze kube nzima ngamaseli akho negazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo.

Yini i-acute lymphocytic leukemia (BONKE)?

I-acute lymphocytic leukemia uhlobo lwe-acute leukemia. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-ALL and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. "Okumnandi" kusho ukuthi imvamisa iba yimbi ngokushesha uma ingalashwa. KONKE wuhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu ezinganeni. Kungathinta nabantu abadala.

KUKHO KONKE, umnkantsha wenza ama-lymphocyte amaningi kakhulu, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe. Lawa maseli ngokujwayelekile asiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka. Kepha KUKHO KONKE, akujwayelekile futhi angeke akwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka kahle. Zibuye zigcwale amangqamuzana aphilile, angaholela ekuthelelekeni, ekushoneni kwegazi, nasekuchitheni igazi kalula. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile angaphinde asabalalele nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kufaka phakathi ubuchopho nomgogodla.

Yini ebangela i-acute lymphocytic leukemia (BONKE)?

KONKE kwenzeka lapho kuba nezinguquko ezintweni zofuzo (DNA) kumaseli omnkantsha. Imbangela yalezi zinguquko zofuzo ayikaziwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile eziphakamisa ubungozi bakho BONKE.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

Izici eziphakamisa ubungozi bakho BONKE zifaka phakathi

• Ukuba owesilisa
• Ukuba mhlophe
• Ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-70
• Njengoba ngithole i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy
• Ngemuva kokuvezwa amazinga aphezulu emisebe
• Ukuba nezinkinga ezithile zofuzo, njenge-Down syndrome

Ziyini izimpawu ze-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

Izimpawu nezimpawu ZONKE zifaka

• Ubuthakathaka noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
• Imfiva noma ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ukulinyazwa okulula noma ukopha
• I-Petechiae, engamachashazi abomvu amancane ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Zibangelwa ukopha.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukwehla kwesisindo noma ukulahlekelwa ukudla
• Ubuhlungu emathanjeni noma esiswini
• Ubuhlungu noma umuzwa wokugcwala ngaphansi kwezimbambo
• I-lymph nodes evuvukile - ungazibona njengezigaxa ezingenabuhlungu entanyeni, ngaphansi kwekhwapha, esiswini noma ekubunjweni
• Ukuba nezifo eziningi

Itholakala kanjani i-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angasebenzisa amathuluzi amaningi ukuxilonga KONKE futhi athole ukuthi unhloboni onayo:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba
• Umlando wezokwelapha
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, njenge
  • Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC) ngokuhluka
  • Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali egazi njengephaneli eyisisekelo ye-metabolic (BMP), iphaneli ephelele ye-metabolic (CMP), ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi, nephaneli le-electrolyte
  • Ukugcotshwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko - ukufisa umnkantsha wamathambo kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo. Kokubili ukuhlolwa kuhilela ukususa isampula lomnkantsha wethambo nethambo. Amasampuli athunyelwa elebhu ukuyohlolwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukubheka izinguquko zofuzo kanye ne-chromosome

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unabo BONKE, ungaba nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza usakazekile yini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging kanye ne-lumbar puncture, okuyinqubo yokuqoqa nokuhlola i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

Ukwelashwa kwabo BONKE kufaka phakathi

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• I-Chemotherapy ngokufakelwa kwe-stem cell
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, okusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ezinye izinto ezihlasela amangqamuzana athile omdlavuza ngokulimaza okuncane kumaseli ajwayelekile

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili:

• Inhloso yesigaba sokuqala ukubulala amaseli we-leukemia egazini nasemnkantsheni wethambo. Lokhu kwelashwa kufaka i-leukemia ekuxolelweni. Ukukhululwa kusho ukuthi izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza ziyancipha noma sezinyamalele.
• Isigaba sesibili saziwa ngokuthi yi-post-remission therapy. Inhloso yawo ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva (ukubuya) komdlavuza. Kubandakanya ukubulala noma yimaphi amaseli we-leukemia asele angahle angasebenzi kepha angaqala ukubuyela emuva.

Ukwelashwa phakathi kwezigaba zombili futhi kuvame ukufaka ukwelashwa kwe-central system system (CNS) prophylaxis. Lokhu kwelashwa kusiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwamaseli we-leukemia ebuchosheni nasentanyeni yomgogodla. Kungaba yi-chemotherapy ephezulu noma i-chemotherapy efakwe entanjeni yomgogodla. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

I-NIH: Isikhungo Somdlavuza Kazwelonke