Imigomo ye-covid-19

Imishanguzo ye-COVID-19 isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa amasosha omzimba nokuvikela i-COVID-19. Le mithi yokugoma iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokusiza ukumisa ubhadane lwe-COVID-19.

INDLELA ESEBENZA NGAYO IVANGI-19 IMISEBENZI

Imithi yokugoma i-COVID-19 ivikela abantu ekutholeni i-COVID-19. Le mithi yokugoma "ifundisa" umzimba wakho ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani ngegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2, elibanga i-COVID-19.

Imithi yokugoma yokuqala ye-COVID-19 evunyelwe e-United States ibizwa ngemithi yokugoma ye-mRNA. Zisebenza ngokwehlukile kweminye imigomo yokugoma.

• Imishanguzo ye-COVID-19 mRNA isebenzisa i-messenger RNA (mRNA) ukutshela amaseli emzimbeni ukuthi angakha kanjani ucezu olungenabungozi lweprotheyini "ye-spike" ehlukile kwigciwane le-SARS-CoV-2. Amaseli abe esesusa i-mRNA.
• Le protein "ye-spike" ibangela ukuphendula komzimba ngaphakathi komzimba wakho, okwenza amasosha omzimba avikela i-COVID-19. Amasosha akho omzimba abe esefunda ukuhlasela igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 uma uke wachayeka kulo.
• Kunemithi emibili yokugoma ye-mRNA COVID-19 njengamanje evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa e-United States, imithi yokugoma i-Pfizer-BioNTech kanye neModerna COVID-19.

Umuthi wokugomela we-COVID-19 mRNA unikezwa njengomjovo (wokudutshulwa) engalweni ngemithamo emi-2.

• Uzothola isibhamu sesibili cishe emavikini amathathu kuya kwayi-4 ngemuva kokuthola isibhamu sokuqala. Udinga ukuthola isibhamu sobabili ukuze umuthi usebenze.
• Umuthi wokugoma ngeke uqale ukukuvikela kuze kube cishe amasonto ayi-1 kuya kwayi-2 ngemuva kwesibhamu sesibili.
• Cishe ama-90% abantu abathola zombili izibhamu ngeke BAGULWE yi-COVID-19. Labo abangenwa yileli gciwane kungenzeka babe nokutheleleka okuncane.

VIRAL VECTOR VACCINES

Le mithi yokugoma iyasebenza nasekuvikeleni i-COVID-19.

• Basebenzisa igciwane (i-vector) eliguquliwe ukuze lingalimazi umzimba. Leli gciwane liphethe imiyalelo etshela amangqamuzana omzimba ukuthi akhe iphrotheni "ye-spike" ehlukile kwigciwane le-SARS-CoV-2.
• Lokhu kudala amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi ahlasele igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 uma uke wachayeka kulo.
• Umuthi wokugoma i-virus vector awubangeli ukutheleleka ngegciwane elisetshenziswa njenge-vector noma ngegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2.
• Umuthi wokugoma i-Janssen COVID-19 (okhiqizwa nguJohnson noJohnson) ungumuthi wokugomela i-virus vector. Kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa e-United States. Udinga kuphela isibhamu esisodwa kulo mgomo ukukuvikela ku-COVID-19.

Imishanguzo ye-COVID-19 ayiqukethe noma yiliphi igciwane elibukhoma, futhi ngeke ikunikeze i-COVID-19. Futhi azikaze zithinte noma ziphazamise izakhi zofuzo zakho (i-DNA).

Ngenkathi abantu abaningi abathola i-COVID-19 futhi behlakulela ukuvikeleka ekuthini bayithole futhi, akekho owaziyo ukuthi lo mzimba uhlala isikhathi esingakanani. Leli gciwane lingadala ukugula okubi noma ukufa futhi lingadlulela nakwabanye abantu. Ukuthola umuthi wokugoma kuyindlela ephephe kakhulu ekuvikeleni igciwane kunokuthembela ekuzivikeleni komzimba ngenxa yokutheleleka.

Eminye imishanguzo iyakhiwa esebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuvikela igciwane. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olusesikhathini samanje ngeminye imigomo eyenziwayo, iya kuwebhusayithi yeCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

Imishanguzo ehlukile ye-COVID-19 - www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines.html

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olusesikhathini samanje ngemithi yokugoma i-COVID-19 evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa, sicela ubheke iwebhusayithi ye-United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA):

Imishanguzo ye-COVID-19 - www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines

IMIPHUMELA YOKUPHAKATHI KWEVACCINE

Ngenkathi imigomo ye-COVID-19 ingeke ikugulise, ingadala imiphumela emibi ethile kanye nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Lokhu kujwayelekile. Lezi zimpawu ziwuphawu lokuthi umzimba wakho wenza amasosha omzimba alwa naleli gciwane. Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ifaka phakathi:

• Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala engalweni lapho udubule khona
• Imfiva
• Amakhaza
• Ukukhathala
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda

Izimpawu ezivela ekudutshulweni zingakwenza uzizwe unganele ngokwanele ukuthi udinga ukuthatha ikhefu emsebenzini noma emisebenzini yansuku zonke, kepha kufanele zihambe zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Noma ngabe unemiphumela engemihle, kusabalulekile ukuthola isibhamu sesibili. Noma imiphi imiphumela emibi evela emuthini wokugoma ayingozi kangako kunamandla okugula kanzima noma okufa okubangelwa yi-COVID-19.

Uma izimpawu zingapheli ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, noma uma kukhona okukukhathazayo, kufanele uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

NGUBANI ONGAYITHOLA IVACCINE

Njengamanje kunokuhlinzekwa okulinganiselwe komuthi wokugoma i-COVID-19. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-CDC yenze izincomo kohulumeni basekhaya nabasekhaya mayelana nokuthi ngubani okufanele athole imishanguzo kuqala. Ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ubekwa eqhulwini kanjani nokuthi usatshalaliswa kanjani ukuphathwa kubantu kuzonqunywa ngumbuso ngamunye. Buza nomnyango wezempilo womphakathi wangakini ngolwazi esifundazweni sakho.

Lezi zincomo zizosiza ukufeza izinhloso eziningana:

• Nciphisa isibalo sabantu ababulawa yileli gciwane
• Nciphisa isibalo sabantu abaguliswa yileli gciwane
• Siza umphakathi uqhubeke nokusebenza
• Nciphisa umthwalo ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo nakubantu abathinteka kakhulu yi-COVID-19

I-CDC incoma ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ukhishwe ngezigaba.

Isigaba 1a sifaka amaqembu okuqala abantu okufanele bathole umuthi wokugoma:

• Abasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwezempilo - Lokhu kufaka noma ngubani ongaba nokuchayeka okuqondile noma okungaqondile kweziguli ezine-COVID-19.
• Izakhamizi zezindawo zokunakekelwa zesikhathi eside, ngoba zisengozini enkulu yokubulawa yi-COVID-19.

Isigaba 1b sifaka:

• Abasebenzi abaphambili abaphambili, njengabacimi bomlilo, amaphoyisa, othisha, abasebenza esitolo, i-United States Abasebenza ngeposi, abasebenzi bezokuthutha zomphakathi, nabanye
• Abantu abaneminyaka engama-75 nangaphezulu, ngoba abantu abakuleli qembu basengozini enkulu yokugula, ukulaliswa esibhedlela nokufa okuvela ku-COVID-19

Isigaba 1c sifaka:

• Abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 kuya kwengama-74
• Abantu abaneminyaka eyi-16 kuya kwengama-64 abanezimo ezithile zezempilo ezibandakanya umdlavuza, i-COPD, i-Down syndrome, amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sezinso, ukukhuluphala, ukukhulelwa, ukubhema, isifo sikashukela kanye nesifo se-sickle cell
• Abanye abasebenzi ababalulekile, kufaka phakathi abantu abasebenza kwezokuthutha, insizakalo yokudla, impilo yomphakathi, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, ukuphepha komphakathi, nabanye

Njengoba umuthi wokugoma utholakala kabanzi, iningi labantu lizokwazi ukugoma.

Ungathola okuningi mayelana nezincomo zokukhishwa komuthi wokugoma e-United States kuwebhusayithi yeCDC:

Izincomo ze-CDC's COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout - www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations.html

UKUPHEPHA KWAMAVANGI

Ukuphepha kwemithi yokugoma kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, kanti imigomo ye-COVID-19 isidlulise amazinga okuphepha aqinile ngaphambi kokuvunywa.

Imishanguzo ye-COVID-19 isuselwa ocwaningweni nakubuchwepheshe obuselokhu bukhona amashumi eminyaka. Ngenxa yokuthi leli gciwane lisabalele, amashumi ezinkulungwane eziningi zabantu afundelwa ukubona ukuthi imithi yokugoma isebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi iphephe kangakanani. Lokhu kusize ukuvumela ukuthi imithi yokugoma ithuthukiswe, ihlolwe, ifundwe, futhi isetshenziselwe ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ziyaqhubeka nokuqashwa ngeso elibukhali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziphephile futhi zisebenza kahle.

Kuke kwaba nemibiko yabanye abantu ababa nomzimba ongemuhle emithini yokugoma yamanje. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukulandela izinyathelo ezithile zokuqapha:

• Uma ngabe uke waba ne-allergic reaction ebucayi kunoma yisiphi isithako somuthi wokugoma i-COVID-19, akufanele uthole omunye wemithi yokugoma yamanje ye-COVID-19.
• Uma ngabe uke waba nokusabela okweqile okwenzeka ngokushesha (isifuba, ukuvuvukala, ukuqhuma) kunoma yisiphi isithako somuthi wokugoma i-COVID-19, akufanele uthole omunye wemithi yokugoma ye-COVID-19 yamanje.
• Uma une-reaction engathí sina noma engeyona emibi ngemuva kokuthola isibhamu sokuqala somuthi wokugoma i-COVID-19, akufanele uthole owesibili.

Uma ngabe uke waba nokungezwani komzimba, noma ngabe akunzima kangako kweminye imigomo noma izindlela zokwelapha ezijojwayo, kufanele ubuze udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele yini uthole umuthi wokugoma i-COVID-19. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza unqume ukuthi kuphephile yini ukuthi ugonywe. Udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe we-allergies kanye ne-immunology ukuze akunikeze ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe noma iseluleko.

I-CDC incoma ukuthi abantu bangaqhubeka nokugonywa uma benomlando we:

• Ukusabela okweqile kwe-allergen AKUKHO okuhlobene nemithi yokugoma noma imithi ejojoweyo - njengokudla, isilwane, ubuthi, okwezemvelo, noma ukungezwani komzimba ne-latex
• Ukungezwani komzimba nemithi yomlomo noma umlando womndeni wokungazwani okweqile

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuphepha kokugoma kwe-COVID-19, iya kuwebhusayithi ye-CDC:

• Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokugonywa kwe-COVID-19 e-United States - www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety.html
• I-V-Safe After Checker Health Checker - www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/vsafe.html
• Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Unokusabela Okungezwani Nomzimba Ngemuva Kokuthola Umuthi Wokugoma we-COVID-19 - www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/allergic-reaction.html

QHUBEKA UKUZIVIKELA NAWE NABANYE KU-COVID-19

Ngisho nangemva kokuthola yonke imithamo yomuthi wokugoma, kusazodingeka ukuthi uqhubeke nokugqoka imaski, uhlale okungenani izinyawo eziyisithupha kude nabanye, futhi ugeze izandla kaningi.

Ochwepheshe basafunda ngokuthi imithi yokugoma i-COVID-19 ikunikeza kanjani ukuvikelwa, ngakho-ke sidinga ukuqhubeka nokwenza konke okusemandleni ukuvimba ukusabalala. Isibonelo, akwaziwa ukuthi umuntu ogonyiwe usengalisabalalisa yini leli gciwane, noma ngabe avikelekile kulo.

Ngalesi sizathu, kuze kwaziwe okuningi, ukusebenzisa imigomo nezinyathelo zokuvikela abanye kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala uphephile futhi unempilo.

Imithi yokugoma ye-COVID-19; Ukugonywa kwe-COVID - 19; I-COVID - isibhamu esingu-19; Ukugonywa kwe-COVID - 19; Ukugonywa kwe-COVID - 19; I-COVID - 19 ukuvimbela - imigomo; umuthi wokugoma we-mRNA-COVID

• Umgomo we-covid-19

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Izinzuzo zokuthola umuthi wokugoma i-COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/vaccine-benefits.html. Kubuyekezwe uJanuwari 5, 2021. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 3, 2021.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Izincomo zokukhishwa kokugoma kwe-CDC's COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoFebhuwari 19, 2021. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 3, 2021.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Imishanguzo ehlukene ye-COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoMashi 3, 2021. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 3, 2021.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Ukucatshangelwa kwesikhashana kokusebenzisa imishanguzo ye-mRNA COVID-19 njengamanje egunyaziwe e-United States. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/clinical-considerations.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoFebhuwari 10, 2021. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 3, 2021.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Izinganekwane namaqiniso ngemigomo yokugoma i-COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoFebhuwari 3, 2021. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 3, 2021.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Ukuqonda imishanguzo ye-virus vector COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/viralvector.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoMashi 2, 2021. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 3, 2021.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Okufanele ukwenze uma unegciwane ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma we-COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/allergic-reaction.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoFebhuwari 25, 2021. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 3, 2021.