I-Nephritis enamandla

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-nephritis ebukhali
• I-nephritis yangaphakathi
• I-Pyelonephritis
• I-Glomerulonephritis
• Yini ebangela i-acute nephritis?
• I-nephritis yangaphakathi
• I-Pyelonephritis
• I-Glomerulonephritis
• Ubani osengozini ye-acute nephritis?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-acute nephritis?
• Itholakala kanjani i-acute nephritis?
• Uphathwa kanjani i-acute nephritis?
• Imithi
• Izithasiselo
• I-Dialysis
• Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya
• Yidla i-sodium encane
  
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?
• Imithombo ye-athikili

Ukubuka konke

Izinso zakho ziyizihlungi zomzimba wakho. Lezi zitho ezimbili ezimise ubhontshisi uhlelo olusezingeni eliphezulu lokususa imfucuza. Bacubungula amalitha wegazi angama-120 kuye kwangama-150 ngosuku futhi basusa amaritha afinyelela kwangu-2 emikhiqizo kadoti namanzi amaningi, ngokusho kweNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

I-nephritis enamandla ivela lapho izinso zakho zivutha ngokungazelelwe. I-Acute nephritis inezimbangela eziningana, futhi ekugcineni ingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso uma iyekwa ingalashwa. Lesi simo sasaziwa njengesifo sikaBright.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-nephritis ebukhali

Kunezinhlobo eziningana nephritis oyingozi:

I-nephritis yangaphakathi

Ku-nephritis yangaphakathi, izikhala eziphakathi kwamathambo wezinso ziyavuvukala. Lokhu kuvuvukala kudala izinso.

I-Pyelonephritis

I-Pyelonephritis ukuvuvukala kwezinso, imvamisa kungenxa yokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Ezimweni eziningi, ukutheleleka kuqala ngaphakathi kwesinye bese kugudluza ama-ureters kungene ezinso. Ama-Ureters yizibhubhu ezimbili ezihambisa umchamo kusuka ezinso ngalunye uye esinyeni.

I-Glomerulonephritis

Lolu hlobo lwe-acute nephritis lukhiqiza ukuvuvukala ku-glomeruli. Kunezigidi zama-capillary ngaphakathi kwenso ngalinye. IGlomeruli yizigaxa ezincane zama-capillaries ezihambisa igazi futhi ziziphathe njengezindawo zokuhlunga. I-glomeruli eyonakalisiwe futhi evuvukele kungenzeka ingalihlungi kahle igazi. Funda kabanzi nge-glomerulonephritis.

Yini ebangela i-acute nephritis?

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-nephritis ebukhali lunezimbangela zalo.

I-nephritis yangaphakathi

Lolu hlobo luvame ukubangelwa ukusabela okweqile kumuthi noma i-antibiotic. Ukusabela okweqile kuyimpendulo yomzimba ngokushesha entweni yangaphandle. Kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela wakho ukunikeze umuthi ozokusiza, kodwa umzimba uwuthatha njengento eyingozi. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi umzimba uhlasele ngokwawo, okuholele ekuvukeleni.

I-potassium ephansi egazini lakho kungenye imbangela ye-interstitial nephritis. I-Potassium isiza ukulawula imisebenzi eminingi emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye ne-metabolism.

Ukuthatha imishanguzo isikhathi eside kungalimaza izicubu zezinso futhi kuholele kwi-nephritis yangaphakathi.

I-Pyelonephritis

Iningi lamacala we-pyelonephritis avela kuE.coli izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Lolu hlobo lwebhaktheriya lutholakala ngokuyinhloko emathunjini amakhulu futhi likhishwa esitokisini sakho. Ama-bacterium angakhuphuka esuka e-urethra aye esinyeni nasezinsweni, okuholela ku-pyelonephritis.

Yize ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kuyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-pyelonephritis, ezinye izimbangela ezikhona zingafaka:

• izivivinyo zomchamo ezisebenzisa i-cystoscope, ithuluzi elibukeka ngaphakathi kwesinye
• ukuhlinzwa kwesinye, izinso, noma ama-ureters
• ukwakheka kwamatshe ezinso, ukwakheka okunjengamadwala okuqukethe amaminerali nokunye okokungcola

I-Glomerulonephritis

Imbangela enkulu yalolu hlobo lokutheleleka kwezinso ayaziwa. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izimo zingakhuthaza ukutheleleka, kufaka phakathi:

• izinkinga kumasosha omzimba
• umlando womdlavuza
• ithumba eligqabhuka lihambe liye ezinso zakho ngegazi lakho

Ubani osengozini ye-acute nephritis?

Abantu abathile basengozini enkulu ye-nephritis enamandla. Izici zobungozi be-nephritis ebukhali zifaka:

• umlando womndeni wesifo sezinso nokutheleleka
• ukuba nesifo samasosha omzimba, njenge-lupus
• ukuthatha ama-antibiotic amaningi noma imithi yezinhlungu
• ukuhlinzwa kwakamuva kwepheshana lomchamo

Ziyini izimpawu ze-acute nephritis?

Izimpawu zakho zizohluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-acute nephritis onayo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu ze-acute nephritis yilezi:

• ubuhlungu okhalweni
• ubuhlungu noma umuzwa ovuthayo ngenkathi uchama
• isidingo esivamile sokuchama
• umchamo onamafu
• igazi noma ubomvu emchameni
• ubuhlungu endaweni yezinso noma esiswini
• ukuvuvukala komzimba, imvamisa ebusweni, emilenzeni nasezinyaweni
• ukuhlanza
• imfiva
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Itholakala kanjani i-acute nephritis?

Udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi athathe umlando wezokwelapha ukuthola ukuthi ungaba yini engozini eyengeziwe ye-nephritis enamandla.

Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu nakho kungaqinisekisa noma kukhiphe ubukhona bokutheleleka. Lezi zivivinyo zifaka phakathi i-urinalysis, ehlola ubukhona begazi, amabhaktheriya namaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-WBCs). Ukuba khona okuphawulekayo kwalokhu kungakhombisa ukutheleleka.

Udokotela futhi anga-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Izinkomba ezimbili ezibalulekile yi-blood urea nitrogen (BUN) ne-creatinine. Le yimikhiqizo kadoti ezungeza egazini, futhi izinso zinesibopho sokukuhluza. Uma kunokukhuphuka kwalezi zinombolo, lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi izinso azisebenzi futhi.

Iskena sokuthatha izithombe, njenge-CT scan noma i-renal ultrasound, singakhombisa ukuvimba noma ukuvuvukala kwezinso noma umgudu womchamo.

I-biopsy ye-renal ingenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuthola i-nephritis enamandla. Ngoba lokhu kufaka ukuhlolwa kwesampula yangempela yezicubu ezivela ezinso, lokhu kuhlolwa akwenziwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa uma umuntu engaphenduli kahle ekwelashweni, noma uma udokotela kufanele ahlolisise lesi simo.

Uphathwa kanjani i-acute nephritis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-glomerulonephritis ne-interstitial nephritis kungadinga ukwelashwa kwezimo ezibanga izinkinga. Isibonelo, uma umuthi owuthathayo ubangela izinkinga zezinso, udokotela wakho angakunika omunye umuthi.

Imithi

Udokotela ngokujwayelekile uzonikeza ama-antibiotic ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwezinso. Uma ukutheleleka kwakho kubucayi kakhulu, ungadinga ama-antibiotic (IV) ama-antibiotic ngaphakathi kwesibhedlela sabagulayo. Ama-antibiotic e-IV ajwayele ukusebenza ngokushesha kunama-antibiotic efomini lephilisi. Izifo ezinjenge-pyelonephritis zingadala ubuhlungu obukhulu. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza imithi yokudambisa izinhlungu njengoba ululama.

Uma izinso zakho zivutha kakhulu, udokotela wakho angakunikeza i-corticosteroids.

Izithasiselo

Lapho izinso zakho zingasebenzi futhi, zingathinta ibhalansi yama-electrolyte emzimbeni wakho. Ama-electrolyte, afana ne-potassium, i-sodium, ne-magnesium, anesibopho sokwakha ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni. Uma amazinga akho e-electrolyte ephakeme kakhulu, udokotela wakho angakunikeza uketshezi lwe-IV ukukhuthaza izinso zakho ukuthi zikhulule ama-electrolyte angeziwe. Uma ama-electrolyte akho ephansi, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe izithasiselo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi amaphilisi e-potassium noma e-phosphorus. Kodwa-ke, akufanele uthathe noma yiziphi izithasiselo ngaphandle kwemvume nodokotela wakho.

I-Dialysis

Uma umsebenzi wakho wezinso ukhubazeke kakhulu ngenxa yokutheleleka kwakho, ungahle udinge i-dialysis. Le yinqubo lapho umshini okhethekile usebenza njengezinso zokufakelwa. I-Dialysis ingaba yisidingo sesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, uma izinso zakho zihlangabezane nomonakalo omkhulu kakhulu, ungadinga i-dialysis unomphela.

Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya

Uma une-nephritis ebukhali, umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi namandla okuphulukisa. Udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuphumula kombhede ngenkathi ululama. Udokotela wakho futhi angakweluleka ukuthi wandise ukudla kwakho oketshezi. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi nokugcina izinso zihlunga ukukhipha imfucuza.

Uma isimo sakho sithinta ukusebenza kwakho kwezinso, udokotela wakho angancoma ukudla okukhethekile okuphansi kuma-electrolyte athile, njenge-potassium. Izithelo nemifino eminingi ine-potassium eningi. Udokotela wakho angakuyala maqondana nokuthi yikuphi ukudla okune-potassium eningi.

Ungafaka futhi imifino emanzini bese ukhipha amanzi ngaphambi kokuwapheka. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-leaching, ingasusa i-potassium eyengeziwe.

Udokotela wakho futhi angancoma ukunciphisa ukudla okune-sodium ephezulu. Uma une-sodium eningi egazini lakho, izinso zakho zibambelela emanzini. Lokhu kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi.

Kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukunciphisa i-sodium ekudleni kwakho.

Yidla i-sodium encane

• Sebenzisa inyama nemifino emisha esikhundleni saleyo efakwe kusengaphambili. Ukudla osekuphekiwe kuvame ukuba ne-sodium eningi.
• Khetha ukudla okunelebuli ethi “sodium ephansi” noma “ayikho i-sodium” uma kungenzeka.
• Lapho udla ngaphandle, cela iseva yakho yokudlela ukuthi icele ukuthi umkhawulo kasawoti ungezwe ezitsheni zakho.
• Nonga ukudla kwakho ngezinongo namakhambi esikhundleni sezinongo ezihlanganiswe ne-sodium noma usawoti.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu ze-acute nephritis zizothuthuka ngokwelashwa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, uma isimo sakho singalashwa, ungaqala ukuhluleka kwezinso. Ukwehluleka kwezinso kwenzeka lapho eyodwa noma zombili izinso ziyeka ukusebenza isikhathi esifushane noma unomphela. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ungadinga i-dialysis unomphela. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha nganoma yiziphi izinkinga ezisolwayo zezinso.

Imithombo ye-athikili

• I-Dialysis. (2015). https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/dialysisinfo
• Izifo ze-Glomerular. (2014). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/glomerular-diseases
• UHaider DG, et al. (2012). I-biopsy yezinso ezigulini ezine-glomerulonephritis: Ingabe kungcono ngaphambili? I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2369-13-34
• UHaladyj E, et al. (2016). Ngabe sisadinga i-renal biopsy ku-lupus nephritis? INGXENYE: https://doi.org/10.5114/reum.2016.60214
• I-nephritis yangaphakathi. (ng). http://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/interstitial-nephritis
• Ukutheleleka kwezinso (pyelonephritis). (2017). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kidney-infection-pyelonephritis/all-content
• Amathiphu ayi-10 aphezulu wokunciphisa usawoti ekudleni kwakho. (ng). https://www.kidney.org/news/ekidney/june10/Salt_june10
• Izinso zakho nokuthi zisebenza kanjani. (2014). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work
• Kuyini ukutheleleka kwezinso (izinso) - iPyelonephritis? (ng). http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/kidney-(renal)-infection-pyelonephritis