Ukwehluleka Okunamandla Kokuphefumula

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zokwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula
• Ziyini izimpawu zokwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula?
• Yini ebangela ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula?
• Ukuvinjelwa
• Ukulimala
• Isifo sengcindezi ephathelene nenkinga yokuphefumula engamahlalakhona
• Izidakamizwa noma utshwala
• Ukuphefumula ngamakhemikhali
• Unhlangothi
• Ukutheleleka
• Ubani osengozini yokwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula?
• Ukuhlonza ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula
• Ukwelapha ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula
• Yini engingayilindela esikhathini eside?

Kuyini ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula?

Ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula kwenzeka lapho uketshezi lukhula emasakeni emoyeni emaphashini akho. Uma lokho kwenzeka, amaphaphu akho awakwazi ukukhipha umoya-mpilo egazini lakho. Ngokulandelayo, izitho zakho azikwazi ukuthola igazi elanele elicwale umoya-mpilo ukuze lisebenze. Ungakwazi futhi ukuhlakulela ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula uma amaphaphu akho engakwazi ukususa i-carbon dioxide egazini lakho.

Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula kwenzeka lapho ama-capillaries, noma imithambo yegazi emincane, ezungeze amasaka akho omoya engakwazi ukushintshanisa kahle isikhutha nge-oxygen. Isimo singaba sibi noma singapheli. Ngokuhluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula, uhlangabezana nezimpawu ngokushesha zokungabi nomoya-mpilo owanele emzimbeni wakho. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwehluleka kungaholela ekufeni uma kungalashwa ngokushesha.

Izinhlobo zokwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula

Izinhlobo ezimbili zokwehluleka okukhulu nokuphefumula okungapheli ziyi-hypoxemic ne-hypercapnic. Zombili lezi zimo zingadala izinkinga ezinkulu futhi izimo zihlala zikhona.

Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula kwehypoxemic kusho ukuthi awunayo i-oxygen eyanele egazini lakho, kodwa amazinga akho e-carbon dioxide asondele kokujwayelekile.

Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula kwe-Hypercapnic kusho ukuthi kune-carbon dioxide eningi kakhulu egazini lakho, futhi icishe ibe ne-oxygen ejwayelekile noma enganele egazini lakho.

Ziyini izimpawu zokwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula?

Izimpawu zokwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula zincike embangela yazo kanye namazinga e-carbon dioxide ne-oxygen egazini lakho.

Abantu abanezinga eliphezulu le-carbon dioxide bangathola:

• ukuphefumula okusheshayo
• ukudideka

Abantu abanamazinga aphansi e-oxygen bangathola:

• ukungakwazi ukuphefumula
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni, eminwe, noma ezindebeni

Abantu abanokwehluleka okukhulu kwamaphaphu namazinga e-oxygen aphansi bangathola:

• ukungahlaliseki
• ukukhathazeka
• ubuthongo
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• ukuphefumula okusheshayo nokungajulile
• inhliziyo egijimayo
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (arrhythmias)
• ukujuluka okukhulu

Yini ebangela ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula?

Ukwehluleka okuphefumulayo okuphefumulayo kunezimbangela eziningana ezahlukahlukene:

Ukuvinjelwa

Lapho okuthile kuhlala emphinjeni wakho, ungaba nenkinga yokuthola umoya-mpilo owenele emaphashini akho. Ukuvinjelwa kungenzeka futhi kubantu abanesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD) noma i-asthma lapho ukukhushulwa komgwaqo kubangela ukuthi imigwaqo yomoya ibe mincane.

Ukulimala

Ukulimala okonakalisa noma okhubaza uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula kungathinta kabi inani le-oxygen egazini lakho. Isibonelo, ukulimala komgogodla noma ubuchopho kungathinta ukuphefumula kwakho ngokushesha. Ubuchopho buthi amaphaphu aphefumule. Uma ubuchopho bungakwazi ukuthumela imiyalezo ngenxa yokulimala noma ukulimala, amaphaphu awakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kahle.

Ukulimala ezimbanjeni noma esifubeni nakho kungaphazamisa inqubo yokuphefumula. Lokhu kulimala kungaphazamisa ikhono lakho lokudonsa umoya owanele emaphashini akho.

Isifo sengcindezi ephathelene nenkinga yokuphefumula engamahlalakhona

Isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi (i-ARDS) yisimo esibi esibonakala nge-oxygen ephansi egazini. I-ARDS iyakuthinta uma usuvele unenkinga yezempilo eyisisekelo efana nale:

• inyumoniya
• i-pancreatitis (ukuvuvukala kwamanyikwe)
• ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu
• sepsis
• ukulimala kanzima ebuchosheni
• ukulimala kwamaphaphu okubangelwa ukuhogela intuthu noma imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali

Kungenzeka ngesikhathi usesibhedlela welashelwa isimo sakho esingaphansi.

Izidakamizwa noma utshwala

Uma weqisa izidakamizwa noma uphuza kakhulu utshwala, ungaphazamisa ukusebenza kobuchopho futhi uvimbele ikhono lakho lokuphefumula noma lokukhipha umoya.

Ukuphefumula ngamakhemikhali

Ukuhogela amakhemikhali anobuthi, intuthu, noma intuthu nakho kungadala ukwehluleka okuphefumulayo. Lawa makhemikhali angalimaza noma alimaze izicubu zamaphaphu akho, kufaka phakathi amasaka omoya nama-capillaries.

Unhlangothi

Isifo sohlangothi senzeka lapho ubuchopho bakho bethola ukufa kwezicubu noma ukulimala kolunye noma zombili izinhlangothi zobuchopho. Imvamisa, kuthinta uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela. Yize isifo sohlangothi siveza izimpawu ezithile zokuxwayisa, njengokukhuluma okungaqinile noma ukudideka, kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma unesifo sohlangothi, ungalahlekelwa amandla okuphefumula kahle.

Ukutheleleka

Ukutheleleka kuyimbangela evamile yokucindezeleka kokuphefumula. I-pneumonia ikakhulukazi, ingadala ukwehluleka kokuphefumula, noma ingekho i-ARDS. Ngokusho kweMayo Clinic, kwezinye izimo inyumoniya ithinta wonke ama-lobes amahlanu amaphaphu.

Ubani osengozini yokwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula?

Ungaba sengozini yokwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula uma:

• bhema imikhiqizo kagwayi
• phuza utshwala ngokweqile
• Unomlando womndeni wesifo sokuphefumula noma izimo
• gcina ukulimala komgogodla, ubuchopho, noma isifuba
• Unesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba esibucayi
• unezinkinga zokuphefumula ezingapheli (zesikhathi eside), njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu, isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu (COPD), noma i-asthma

Ukuhlonza ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula

Ukwehluleka okuphefumulayo kahle kudinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ungathola umoya-mpilo ozokusiza uphefumule futhi uvikele ukufa kwezicubu ezithweni zakho nasebuchosheni.

Ngemuva kokuthi udokotela wakho akusimamise, uzothatha izinyathelo ezithile zokuxilonga isimo sakho, njenge:

• yenza ukuhlolwa komzimba
• bakubuze imibuzo ngomndeni wakho noma ngomlando wezempilo yomuntu siqu
• hlola amazinga womzimba wakho womoya-mpilo nowe-carbon dioxide ngomshini we-pulse oximetry kanye nokuhlolwa kwegesi emithanjeni yegazi
• oda i-X-ray yesifuba ukubheka okungajwayelekile emaphashini akho

Ukwelapha ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izimo ezingaphansi ongahle ube nazo. Udokotela wakho uzobe elapha ukwehluleka kwakho ukuphefumula ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.

• Udokotela wakho angakunika imithi yezinhlungu noma eminye imithi ukukusiza uphefumule kangcono.
• Uma ukwazi ukuphefumula ngokwanele futhi i-hypoxemia yakho imnene, ungathola i-oksijini ethangini le-oksijeni ukukusiza uphefumule kangcono. Amathangi omoya aphathekayo ayatholakala uma isimo sakho sidinga eyodwa.
• Uma ungakwazi ukuphefumula ngokwanele uwedwa, udokotela wakho angafaka ipayipi lokuphefumula emlonyeni noma ekhaleni, bese exhuma ishubhu ku-ventilator ukukusiza uphefumule.
• Uma udinga ukwesekwa kokuphefumula isikhathi eside, kungahle kudingeke ukusebenza okwakha umoya womoya ku-windpipe okuthiwa i-tracheostomy.
• Ungathola umoya-mpilo ngethangi le-oksijini noma nge-ventilator ukukusiza uphefumule kangcono.

Yini engingayilindela esikhathini eside?

Ungabona ukuthuthuka ekusebenzeni kwakho kwamaphaphu uma uthola ukwelashwa okufanele kwesimo okuso. Ungadinga nokuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu, okubandakanya ukwelashwa kokuzivocavoca, imfundo nokwelulekwa.

Ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula kungadala ukulimala kwesikhathi eside emaphashini akho. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezimo eziphuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokwehluleka ukuphefumula.