Kuyini Umlutha?

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinhlobo?
• Izinto noma izindlela zokuziphatha ezingadala ukulutha
• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Yini ebangela ukuba umlutha?
• Ubuchopho
• Ukuvezwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• Ziyini izigaba?
• Yiziphi izinkinga?
• Ukuphatha kanjani ukulutha?
• Ungakutholaphi ukusekelwa kokulutha?

Iyini incazelo yokulutha?

Umlutha ukungasebenzi okungapheli kohlelo lobuchopho okubandakanya umvuzo, ukugqugquzela, nenkumbulo. Imayelana nendlela umzimba wakho olangazelela ngayo into ethile noma isimilo, ikakhulukazi uma kubangela ukufuna "umvuzo" okuphoqelela noma okweqile nokungabi nandaba ngemiphumela.

Umuntu obhekene nokulutha umlutha:

• ukungakwazi ukuhlala kude nento noma ukumisa isimilo sokulutha
• bonisa ukuntuleka kokuzithiba
• ube nesifiso esikhulayo sento noma isimilo
• balahla indlela ukuziphatha kwabo okungadala ngayo izinkinga
• ukuswela impendulo engokomzwelo

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imilutha ingaphazamisa kakhulu impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Abantu ababhekana nokulutha umlutha nabo bathambekele kumjikelezo wokubuyela emuva nokuxolelwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangajikeleza phakathi kokusetshenziswa okunamandla nokumnene. Ngaphandle kwale mijikelezo, ukulutha ngokweqile kuzoba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Zingaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo ezihlala njalo nasemiphumeleni emibi njengokuqothuka.

Yingakho kubalulekile kunoma ngubani ohlangabezana nokulutha ukuba afune usizo. Shayela ku-800-622-4357 ngemininingwane yokudlulisela ukwelashwa okuyimfihlo neyamahhala, uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo enomlutha. Le nombolo ngeye-The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Bazokwazi ukunikela ngolwazi oluthe xaxa, kufaka phakathi ukuholwa ekuvinjelweni nasekuphazamisekeni kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Yiziphi izinhlobo?

Ngokwe-charity Action yase-UK e-Addiction, umuntu ongu-1 kwabathathu emhlabeni unomlutha wohlobo oluthile. Umlutha ungafika ngendlela yanoma iyiphi into noma isimilo.

Umlutha owaziwa kakhulu futhi obucayi yizidakamizwa notshwala. Cishe i-1 kwabangu-10 baseMelika banomlutha wabo bobabili. Kubantu abanomlutha wezidakamizwa, ngaphezu kwengxenye ezimbili kwezintathu nazo zisebenzisa kabi utshwala.

Izidakamizwa ezivame kakhulu izidakamizwa yilezi:

• i-nicotine, etholakala kugwayi
• ITHC, etholakala ngensangu
• i-opioid (izidakamizwa), noma ukudambisa izinhlungu
• icocaine

Izinto noma izindlela zokuziphatha ezingadala ukulutha

Ngo-2014, i-Addiction.com, iwebhusayithi ezinikele ekusizeni labo abanomlutha, ibalwe izinhlobo eziyishumi eziphezulu zokulutha. Ngaphandle kwe-nicotine, izidakamizwa notshwala, ezinye izidakamizwa ezivamile zifaka:

• ikhofi noma i-caffeine
• ukugembula
• intukuthelo, njengecebo lokubhekana nesimo
• ukudla
• ubuchwepheshe
• ucansi
• sebenza

Ubuchwepheshe, ubulili, kanye nokulutha emsebenzini akubonwa njengokulutha yi-American Psychiatric Association kuhlelo lwabo lwakamuva kakhulu lweDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Eminye imikhuba noma isimilo somphakathi kubukeka njengokulutha. Kepha esimweni sokulutha, umuntu uvame ukusabela kabi lapho engawutholi "umvuzo" wakhe. Isibonelo, umuntu ongumlutha wekhofi angaba nezimpawu zokuhoxa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ezinjengekhanda elibi kanye nokucasuka.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Izimpawu eziningi zokulutha zihlobene nekhono lomuntu lokukhubazeka lokugcina ukuzithiba. Lokhu kufaka izinguquko ezi:

• ezenhlalo, njengokufuna izimo ezikhuthaza into ethile noma isimilo
• isimilo, ukwanda okunjalo kwemfihlo
• ezihlobene nempilo, njengokuqwasha noma ukulahleka kwememori
• okuhlobene nobuntu

Umuntu onokwengezwa ngeke ayeke ukuziphatha kwakhe, noma ngabe ebona izinkinga ezibangelwa umlutha. Kwezinye izimo, zizophinda zibonise ukungabi namandla okulawula, njengokusebenzisa okungaphezu kokuhlosiwe.

Ezinye izinguquko zokuziphatha nezingokomzwelo ezihambisana nokulutha zihlanganisa:

• ukuhlolwa okungenangqondo noma okungekuhle kwezinzuzo nobubi obuhambisana nokusebenzisa izinto noma isimilo
• ukusola ezinye izinto noma abantu ngezinkinga zabo
• amazinga akhuphukile okukhathazeka, ukudangala, nokudabuka
• ukwanda kokuzwela kanye nokusabela okunzima kakhulu ekucindezelekeni
• Inkinga yokukhomba imizwa
• Inkinga yokutshela umehluko phakathi kwemizwa nemizwa engokomzimba yemizwa yomuntu

Yini ebangela ukuba umlutha?

Izinto eziluthayo nokuziphatha kungadala "okuphezulu" okujabulisayo okungokomzimba nokwengqondo. Ngokuvamile uzosebenzisa izinto ezithile noma uhlanganyele ekuziphatheni isikhathi eside ukuze uzuze okuphakeme okufanayo futhi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukulutheka kuba nzima ukuyeka.

Ubuchopho

Abanye abantu bangazama into ethile noma indlela yokuziphatha futhi bangaphinde basondele kuyo, kanti abanye baba imilutha. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yama-lobes angaphambili obuchopho. I-lobe engaphambili ivumela umuntu ukuthi abambezele imizwa yomvuzo noma yokuzijabulisa. Ekuluthweni, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-lobe yangaphambili nokwenelisa kuyashesha.

Izindawo ezingeziwe zobuchopho nazo zingadlala indima ekuluthweni. I-anterior cingulate cortex ne-nucleus accumbens, ehlotshaniswa nemizwa emnandi, ingakhuphula impendulo yomuntu lapho evezwa ezintweni eziluthayo nasekuziphatheni.

Ezinye izimbangela zokulutha zibandakanya ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali ebuchosheni nasekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo okufana ne-schizophrenia noma i-bipolar disorder. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungaholela kumasu okubhekana nalokho abe yimilutha.

Ukuvezwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukuvezwa okuphindaphindiwe nangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezinto eziluthayo nokuziphatha kudlala indima enkulu. Izakhi zofuzo zandisa namathuba okuba umlutha cishe ngamaphesenti angama-50, ngokwe-American Society of Addiction Medicine.

Kepha ngenxa yokuthi umlutha usebenza emndenini akusho ukuthi umuntu uzowuthuthukisa.

Imvelo namasiko nakho kudlala indima ekutheni umuntu uphendula kanjani entweni noma ekuziphatheni. Ukuntuleka noma ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lokusekelwa komphakathi komuntu kungaholela ekubeni umlutha wezidakamizwa noma wokuziphatha. Okuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu okuthinta amakhono okubhekana nakho kungaholela ekuziphatheni okuluthayo.

Ziyini izigaba?

Umlutha uvame ukudlala ngezigaba. Ukuphendula kobuchopho bakho nomzimba wakho ezigabeni zokuqala zokulutha kuhlukile ekuphenduleni phakathi nezigaba zakamuva.

Izigaba ezine zokulutha yilezi:

• isivivinyo: ukusebenzisa noma ukwenza ngokufuna ukwazi
• ezenhlalo noma ezejwayelekile: isebenzisa noma ingena ezimeni zenhlalo noma ngezizathu zenhlalo
• inkinga noma ubungozi: isebenzisa noma yenza ngendlela eyeqisayo ngokunganaki imiphumela
• ukuncika: isebenzisa noma ingena ekuziphatheni nsuku zonke, noma izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi engaba khona

Yiziphi izinkinga?

Umlutha oshiywe ungalashwa ungaholela emiphumeleni yesikhathi eside. Le miphumela ingaba:

• ngokomzimba, njengesifo senhliziyo, i-HIV / AIDS, nokulimala kwemizwa
• ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo, njengokukhathazeka, ingcindezi nokudangala
• kwezenhlalo, njengejele nobudlelwano obonakele
• kwezomnotho, njengokuqothuka nezikweletu

Izinto ezihlukile nokuziphatha kunemiphumela ehlukile empilweni yomuntu. Izinkinga ezinkulu zingadala ukukhathazeka kwezempilo noma izimo zenhlalo ziholele ekupheleni kwempilo.

Ukuphatha kanjani ukulutha?

Zonke izinhlobo zokulutha ziyelapheka. Izinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu zibanzi, njengoba ukuluthwa kaningi kuthinta imikhakha eminingi yempilo. Ukwelashwa kuzogxila ekusizeni wena noma umuntu omaziyo ayeke ukufuna futhi ahlanganyele nokulutha kwakhe.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zifaka:

• imithi, yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo njengokucindezeleka noma i-schizophrenia
• i-psychotherapy, kufaka phakathi izindlela zokuziphatha, zokukhuluma, kanye nokwelashwa kweqembu
• izinsizakalo zezokwelapha, ukusiza ekwelapheni izinkinga ezinkulu zokulutha, njengokuhoxa ngesikhathi sokukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni
• umphathi wecala lokulutha, ukusiza ukuxhumanisa nokubheka ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo
• ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezingalapheki
• amaqembu okuzisiza nawokweseka

Ungavakashela nodokotela wakho oyinhloko ukuze ahlole. Uhlobo lokwelashwa olutuswa udokotela kuncike ebukhulwini nasesigabeni sokulutha. Ngezigaba zokuqala zokulutha, udokotela angancoma ukwelashwa nokwelashwa. Izigaba zakamuva zingazuza ekwelashweni kwezilonda ezingalalisiwe esimweni esilawulwayo.

Ungakutholaphi ukusekelwa kokulutha?

Ukunqoba umlutha wuhambo olude. Ukusekelwa kungasiza kakhulu ekwenzeni inqubo yokutakula iphumelele ngokwengeziwe. Izinhlangano eziningi zingasiza, kuya ngohlobo lomlutha.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Al-Anon
• Izidakwa ezingaziwa (AA)
• I-Cocaine Engaziwa (CA)
• ICrystal Meth Engaziwa (CMA)
• Abagembuli Abaziwa (GA)
• Insangu Engaziwa (MA)
• I-Narcotic Anonymous (NA)
• Ubulili Bumlutha Ongaziwa (SAA)
• Ubuso namazwi okutakula
• INational Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse
• Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuhlukumeza Izidakamizwa
• Ukubuyiselwa Okuhlakaniphile
• Abesifazane Sobriety
• Umphakathi Wokulwa Nezidakamizwa Womphakathi waseMelika

Lezi zinhlangano zingakusiza ukukuxhumanisa namaqembu okusekela, njenge:

• amaqembu omphakathi wendawo
• izinkundla online
• ulwazi lokulutha umlutha kanye nochwepheshe
• izinhlelo zokwelashwa

Uhlelo oluqinile lokusekelwa komphakathi lubalulekile ngesikhathi sokululama. Ukuvumela abangani bakho, umndeni wakho, nalabo osondelene nabo kakhulu bazi ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa kungakusiza ukuthi uhlale ulandela umkhondo futhi ugweme okubangela.

Uma wena noma omunye umuntu omaziyo enesilonda, shayela ku-800-622-4357 ngemininingwane yokudlulisela ukwelashwa okuyimfihlo neyamahhala evela kwa-SAMHSA. Funa ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo uma kunesidingo, ikakhulukazi uma bake baba nemicabango yokuzibulala noma izenzo.