Kuyini i-Anencephaly?

-Delile

• Kubangelwa yini futhi ubani osengozini?
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Ilashwa kanjani?
• I-Anencephaly vs. microcephaly
• Uyini umbono?
• Kungavinjelwa?

Ukubuka konke

I-Anencephaly ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa lapho ubuchopho namathambo ogebhezi angakheki ngokuphelele ngenkathi ingane isesibelethweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ubuchopho bengane, ikakhulukazi i-cerebellum, bukhula kancane. I-cerebellum iyingxenye yobuchopho ikakhulu enesibopho sokucabanga, ukunyakaza, nezinzwa, kufaka phakathi ukuthinta, ukubona nokuzwa.

I-Anencephaly ibhekwa njenge-neural tube defect. Ishubhu le-neural liyisigaxa esincane esivamise ukuvalwa ngesikhathi sokukhula komntwana futhi sakhe ubuchopho nomgogodla. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesonto lesine lokukhulelwa, kepha uma kungenjalo, umphumela ungaba yi-anencephaly.

Lesi simo esingelapheki sithinta ukukhulelwa okucishe kube kathathu kwabangu-10 000 e-United States unyaka ngamunye, ngokusho kwe. Ezimweni ezingaba amaphesenti angama-75, ingane izalwa ishonile. Ezinye izingane ezizalwe zine-anencephaly zingaphila amahora ambalwa noma izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukukhulelwa okubandakanya ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube kugcina ngokuphuphuma kwesisu.

Kubangelwa yini futhi ubani osengozini?

Isizathu se-anencephaly ngokuvamile asaziwa, okungakhathaza. Kwezinye izingane, imbangela ingahle ihlobane nezinguquko zofuzo noma ze-chromosome. Ezimweni eziningi, abazali bengane abanawo umlando womndeni we-anencephaly.

Ukuvezwa kukamama kubuthivu obuthile bezemvelo, imishanguzo, noma ngisho nokudla noma iziphuzo kungadlala indima.Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi abazi ngokwanele ngalezi zinto ezingaba yingozi okwamanje ukuze banikeze noma yimiphi imihlahlandlela noma izexwayiso.

Ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, kungaba kusuka ku-sauna noma kubhavu oshisayo noma kumkhuhlane omkhulu, kungakhuphula ubungozi bokukhubazeka kwe-neural tube.

ICleveland Clinic iphakamisa ukuthi imishanguzo ethile kadokotela, kubandakanya neminye esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela, ingakhuphula ubungozi be-anencephaly. Isifo sikashukela nokukhuluphala ngokweqile kungaba yizinto ezinobungozi bezinkinga zokukhulelwa, ngakho-ke kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimo ezingapheli nokuthi zingakuthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa kwakho.

Isici esisodwa esibalulekile sobungozi esihlobene ne-anencephaly ukudla okunganele kwe-folic acid. Ukuntuleka kwalesi sakhi somzimba esiyisihluthulelo kungaphakamisa ingozi yokuba nengane enezinye iziphazamiso ze-neural tube ngaphezu kwe-anencephaly, efana ne-spina bifida. Abesifazane abakhulelwe banganciphisa le ngozi ngezithako ze-folic acid noma izinguquko zokudla.

Uma uke waba nengane ene-anencephaly, ithuba lakho lokuba nengane yesibili enesimo esifanayo noma ukukhubazeka okuhlukile kwe-neural tube landa ngamaphesenti amane kuya kwayishumi. Ukukhulelwa okubili kwangaphambilini okuthintwe yi-anencephaly kukhuphula izinga lokuphindeka kwaba ngamaphesenti ayishumi kuya kwayi-13.

Kutholakala kanjani?

Odokotela bangathola i-anencephaly ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane. Lapho kuzalwa, ukungajwayelekile kogebhezi kungabonakala kalula. Kwezinye izimo, ingxenye yesikhumba ekhanda ayitholakali, kanye nogebhezi.

Ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokubeletha kwe-anencephaly kufaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Izinga eliphakeme le-protein ye-alpha-fetoprotein yesibindi lingakhombisa i-anencephaly.
• I-Amniocentesis. Uketshezi olukhishwe esikhwameni se-amniotic esizungeze umbungu kungafundelwa ukusesha izimpawu ezithile zokukhula okungajwayelekile. Izinga eliphakeme le-alpha-fetoprotein ne-acetylcholinesterase lihlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka kwe-neural tube.
• I-Ultrasound. Amagagasi omsindo anemvamisa ephezulu angasiza ukudala izithombe (sonograms) zombungu okhulayo esikrinini sekhompyutha. I-sonogram ingakhombisa izimpawu zomzimba ze-anencephaly.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI ye-Fetal. Amandla kazibuthe namagagasi omsakazo akhiqiza izithombe zombungu. Iskena se-MRI se-fetal sinikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi kune-ultrasound.

Umtholampilo waseCleveland uphakamisa ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kwe-anencephaly phakathi kwesonto le-14 nele-18 lokukhulelwa. Ukuskena i-MRI ye-fetal kwenzeka noma kunini.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Izimpawu eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-anencephaly yizingxenye ezingekho kogebhezi, okuvame ukuba ngamathambo ngemuva kwekhanda. Amanye amathambo ezinhlangothini noma ngaphambili kogebhezi kungenzeka ukuthi alahlekile noma akakheki kahle. Ubuchopho futhi abakhiwe kahle. Ngaphandle kwe-cerebellum enempilo, umuntu akakwazi ukusinda

Ezinye izimpawu zingabandakanya ukusongwa kwezindlebe, ulwanga oluqondile, nokungazwakali kahle. Ezinye izingane ezizalwe zine-anencephaly nazo zinokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo.

Ilashwa kanjani?

Akukho ukwelashwa noma ukwelashwa kwe-anencephaly. Usana oluzalwe lunalesi sifo kufanele lugcinwe lufudumele futhi lukhululekile. Uma kukhona izingxenye zesikhumba sezinwele ezingekho, izingxenye eziveziwe zobuchopho kufanele zimbozwe.

Isikhathi sokuphila sengane ezalwe ine-anencephaly asikho ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, cishe amahora ambalwa.

I-Anencephaly vs. microcephaly

I-Anencephaly ingenye yezimo eziningana ezaziwa njengezinkinga ze-cephalic. Zonke zihlobene nezinkinga ngokuthuthuka kwesistimu yezinzwa.

Isifo esisodwa esifana ne-anencephaly ngezindlela ezithile yi-microcephaly. Ingane ezalwe inalesi simo inesilinganiso senhloko esincanyana kunokujwayelekile.

Ngokungafani ne-anencephaly, ebonakalayo lapho kuzalwa, i-microcephaly kungenzeka noma ingabi khona lapho izalwa. Ingakhula eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala yokuphila.

Ingane ene-microcephaly ingahle ivuthwe ngokujwayelekile ebusweni nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kanti ikhanda lihlala lincane. Umuntu one-microcephaly angabambezeleka ngokwentuthuko futhi abhekane nempilo emfushane kunomuntu ongenaso isimo se-cephalic.

Uyini umbono?

Ngenkathi ukuba nengane eyodwa kukhula i-anencephaly kungalimaza, khumbula ukuthi ingozi yokukhulelwa okulandelayo ukuphuma ngendlela efanayo isephansi kakhulu. Ungasiza ukunciphisa leyo ngozi ngisho nangaphezulu ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa i-folic acid eyanele ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho.

I-CDC isebenza namaCenter for Birth Defects Research and Prevention ezifundweni ezihlola izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuvimbela nokwelapha i-anencephaly kanye nobubanzi bonke bokukhubazeka kokuzalwa.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho kungekudala ngazo zonke izindlela ongasiza ngazo ukuthuthukisa amathuba okukhulelwa okunempilo.

Kungavinjelwa?

Ukuvimbela i-anencephaly kungenzeka kungenzeki kuzo zonke izimo, noma kunezinyathelo ezithile ezinganciphisa izingozi.

Uma ukhulelwe noma ungakhulelwa, i-CDC incoma ukudla okungenani nsuku zonke okungenani. Yenza lokhu ngokuthatha isengezo se-folic acid noma ngokudla ukudla okuqiniswe nge-folic acid. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zindlela zombili, kuya ngokudla kwakho.