Kuyini i-Anosognosia?

-Delile

• Izimbangela
• Izimpawu
• Ukuxilongwa
• Ukuhlobana nezinye izimo
• Ukwelashwa
• Ukwelashwa kwe-antipsychotic
• Ukwelashwa kokukhuthaza ukugqugquzela (MET)
• Ukusekelwa kothile one-anosognosia
• Umbono

Ukubuka konke

Abantu abazizwa bekhululekile njalo ukuvuma ngokwabo noma kwabanye ukuthi banesimo abasanda kutholakala ukuthi banaso. Lokhu akuyona into engavamile, futhi abantu abaningi ekugcineni bayakwamukela ukuxilongwa.

Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi, ukwenqatshwa kuhlala isikhathi eside, futhi akukhona nje ukwenqaba okwenza umuntu enqabe amaqiniso. Yisimo esibizwa nge-anosognosia. Lokhu kusho ukuthi "ukuntuleka kokuqwashisa noma ukuqonda" ngesiGreki.

I-Anosognosia ukungabi namandla okubona amaqiniso wesimo somuntu uqobo. Ukwehluleka komuntu ukwamukela ukuthi unesimo esifana nezimpawu zakhe noma ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni.

Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kobufakazi obubonakalayo bokuxilongwa, futhi yize imibono yesibili neyesithathu yezokwelapha eqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kokuxilongwa.

I-Anosognosia ingumphumela wezinguquko ebuchosheni. Akukhona nje ukuba nenkani noma ukuphika ngqo, okuyindlela yokuzivikela abanye abantu abayisebenzisayo lapho bethola ukuxilongwa okunzima ukubhekana nakho. Eqinisweni, i-anosognosia iphakathi kwezimo ezifana ne-schizophrenia noma i-bipolar disorder.

Ake sibhekisise ukuthi yini ebangela lesi sibonakaliso, ukuthi ungasibona kanjani, nokuthi yini ongayenza wena nabathandekayo bakho ukubhekana nalesi sifo.

Izimbangela

Ukuzibona kwakho kuyashintsha empilweni yakho yonke. Usanda kushada? Ungazizwa uqinisekiswa manje ukuthi ekugcineni ubophe ifindo likasofasilahlane nomuntu omthandayo. Isibazi esisha ebusweni bakho? Ingqondo yakho idinga ukuyicabangela ukuze ukhumbule ukuthi ikhona lapho ubheka esibukweni.

I-lobe yakho engaphambili ibandakanyeke kakhulu kule nqubo engaguquki yokwakha kabusha isithombe sakho. Futhi ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo zingadala ushintsho kule ngxenye yobuchopho bakho. Lokhu kubangela ukulungiswa kabusha kwezicubu zangaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ekugcineni, ungalahlekelwa yikhono lakho lokungenisa imininingwane emisha futhi uvuselele ukuzibona kwakho noma impilo yakho yonke.

Futhi njengoba ubuchopho bakho bungakwazi ukuqonda imininingwane emisha ebangelwa isimo sakho, wena noma obathandayo ningadideka noma nikhungatheke ukuthi kubonakale ukuthi anisithathi ngokungathi sína isimo senu.

Izimpawu

Uphawu oluphawuleka kakhulu lwe-anosognosia ukungaziqondi, ukuqwashisa, noma ukwamukela ukuthi unesimo sempilo. Lokhu kungenzeka noma ngabe kunobufakazi obuningi bokuthi uyakwenza.

Nazi ezinye izindlela zokuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-anosognosia nokuphika noma ezinye izimpendulo ekuguleni:

• Akuwona wonke umuntu onalesi simo oyikhombisa ngendlela efanayo. Abanye bangavuma ngokusobala ukuthi abacabangi ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngabo. Abanye bangakugwema ukukhuluma ngalesi simo ngoba bacabanga ukuthi akekho okholwayo kubo. Futhi abanye bangase badideke noma bakhungatheke lapho abantu bephikisana nalokho abakholelwa ukuthi kuyiqiniso.
• I-Anosognosia ayimi ndawonye. Othile angasiqaphela isimo sakhe futhi aselaphe ngemithi noma ngokuvakashelwa udokotela. Bangase bangavele bangazi futhi bangaphuthelwa isikhathi sokuqokwa noma bakhohlwe ukuthatha imishanguzo ngemuva nje kwalokho ngoba abasakwazi ukubona isimo sabo. Omunye angavuma ngisho nezimpawu ezithile kepha hhayi ezinye. Isibonelo, umuntu one-hemiplegia kungenzeka angaboni ukuthi uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba wakhe lubuthakathaka noma lukhubazekile. Kepha basengazazi izimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokukhuluma (aphasia) noma ukulahleka kombono (hemianopia).
• Naka kakhulu ukuziphatha ngaphambi nangemva kokuxilongwa kwezempilo yengqondo. Izinga lokuqonda kothile lingahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi ucabange ukuthi bazama nje ukungazinaki isimo sabo ukuze bavikele imizwa yabo.Kepha kubalulekile ukugxila komehluko phakathi kobuntu bomuntu nezimpawu ze-anosognosia. Ngabe bakhombisile lokhu kuziphatha ngaphambi kokuxilongwa? Ngabe bamile ngokungahambisani nokuphika isimo sabo?

Ukuxilongwa

Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wezifo zengqondo noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo uma wena noma othandekayo utholwe unesimo esingahlotshaniswa ne-anosognosia. Uchwepheshe angaqapha impilo yakho yengqondo isiyonke kanye nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezivelayo.

Isazi singabuye siqaphele i-anosognosia kusenesikhathi. Ngisho nezinguquko zokuziphatha ezincane zingatholwa ngungoti.

Inqubo eyodwa yokuhlola ejwayelekile yindlela ye- "LEAP", eyenziwa ngu:

• ukulalela kumuntu
• ukuzwelana nomuntu
• evuma nomuntu
• ukubambisana nomuntu

Le ndlela isiza ukuvula ingxoxo phakathi kukadokotela nomuntu one-anosognosia. Lokhu kuvumela umuntu ukuthi athuthukise ukuqwashiswa kwamaqiniso enhloso ngesimo sakhe futhi aqonde nokuthi abantu ababazungezile bayameseka futhi bayaqonda.

Elinye ithuluzi lokuxilonga elisetshenziswa kakhulu iSikali Sokuhlola Ukungazi Ngengqondo (SUM-D). Lokhu kuhlolwa kubeka umqondo wokuthi "ukuqonda" kububanzi obufaka:

• Ukuqwashisa. Ngabe umuntu uyabona ukuthi banesimo esithile? Ingabe bayazibona izimpawu zesimo sabo? Ingabe bayazi ukuthi kungaba nemiphumela yezenhlalo ngesimo sabo?
• Ukuqonda. Ngabe umuntu uyabona ukuthi badinga ukwelashwa?
• Isichasiso. Ingabe bakholelwa ukuthi izimpawu zabo zibangelwa isimo sempilo yengqondo?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa komuntu ye-SUM-D ingakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi ngabe umuntu une-anosognosia.

Ukuhlobana nezinye izimo

Izimo ezivame kakhulu ezihambisana ne-anosognosia zifaka:

• schizophrenia
• ukuwohloka komqondo (kufaka phakathi i-Alzheimer's)
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo
• ukucindezeleka okukhulu
• i-hemiplegia

I-Anosognosia ivame kakhulu ku-schizophrenia. Cishe abantu abane-schizophrenia banehlobo oluthile lwe-anosognosia.

I-Anosognosia nayo iphawuleka kakhulu kwi-hemiplegia. Umuntu onalesi sifo kungenzeka angaboni ukuthi unokukhubazeka okuyingxenye noma okugcwele ngakolunye uhlangothi lomzimba wakhe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho noma bekwazi ukubona ukuthi izitho zabo azihambi kahle.

Ukwelashwa

Ukufuna ukwelashwa kumeluleki noma kudokotela wezifo zengqondo ngemuva nje kokutholakala kwesimo sempilo yengqondo kungaba usizo olukhulu kothile obhekene ne-anosognosia. Lesi simo singakhungathekisa kothile ongaba nengcindezi yobudlelwano nabangane bakhe, umndeni, noma abasebenza naye noma izinkinga zempilo ngoba abasazi isimo sabo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-anosognosia kungahluka ngokuya ngesizathu. Imithi ejwayelekile ifaka okulandelayo:

Ukwelashwa kwe-antipsychotic

Udokotela wakho angancoma imithi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-antipsychotics yokwelapha izimpawu zezimo ezifana ne-schizophrenia noma i-bipolar disorder. Ezinye izibonelo zama-antipsychotic ezingasetshenziswa zifaka:

• i-chlorpromazine (i-Thorazine)
• i-loxapine (Loxitane)
• i-clozapine (Clozaril)
• i-aripiprazole (Hlanza)

Ama-antipsychotic awavamisile ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo kumuntu ngamunye, ngakho-ke imithi yakho izonikezwa ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho, impilo yonke, kanye nempendulo emithini. Ungadinga ngisho nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-antipsychotic kuyo yonke impilo yakho njengoba ikhono lakho lokuqonda lishintsha noma umzimba wakho uphendula umuthi ngokuhlukile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukwelashwa kokukhuthaza ukugqugquzela (MET)

I-MET isebenzisa amasu ukugqugquzela umuntu ukuthi aguqule isithombe sakhe sokwamukela ukuthi banesimo noma ukubakhuthaza ukuthi bathole ukwelashwa ngesimo sabo.

I-MET imvamisa iqukethe ukusiza umuntu abheke izimpawu zakhe, indlela aziphatha ngayo, kanye nobudlelwano bakhe ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekuboneni ukuthi amaqiniso akhomba ekubeni khona kwesimo.

Ukusekelwa kothile one-anosognosia

Nazi izingcezu ezimbalwa zeseluleko sokukusiza wena nabathandekayo bakho ukubhekana ne-anosognosia:

• Ungahluleli. Khumbula ukuthi lesi yisimo sezokwelapha, hhayi inkani noma ukuthambekela kokuzilimaza.
• Sekela. Ezinye izinsuku zingangcono kunezinye. Noma umuntu elahlekelwa ngokuphelele umbono wakhe ngesimo sabo, abakwenzi ngamabomu. Badinga ukwesekwa kwakho ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi bathola ukwelashwa futhi bahlale behambisana nokuqokwa kanye nemithi.
• Bhala amaphuzu. Ukugcina idayari eningiliziwe yalokho umuntu akushoyo nakwenzayo kungakusiza uhlanganise ubufakazi besimo. Lokhu ngeke kusize othile ukuthi abone ukuthi bane-anosognosia kepha futhi kunikeze nodokotela wakho isisekelo sohlelo lokwelashwa.

Umbono

Umbono wezimo ezihambisana ne-anosognosia, njenge-schizophrenia, ungasiza ekuqaleni kwezokwelapha, kepha lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi alikho ikhambi lalesi simo.

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha njengenqubo ye-MET kungakhuphula izinga lempilo kakhulu ngokusiza abantu abane-anosognosia ukuthi babheke izimpawu zabo ngombono. Lokhu kungaholela kuzinguquko ekuboneni nasekuziphatheni futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi balandela uhlelo lokwelashwa lwesimo sabo esingaphansi.