I-anthrax

I-anthrax yisifo esithathelwanayo esidalwa yigciwane elibizwa ngokuthi I-Bacillus anthracis. Ukutheleleka kubantu kuvame ukubandakanya isikhumba, umgudu wamathumbu, noma amaphaphu.

I-anthrax ivame ukuthinta izilwane ezinamanqina njengezimvu, izinkomo nezimbuzi. Abantu abahlangana nezilwane ezinegciwane bangagula nange-anthrax.

Kunemizila emithathu eyinhloko yokutheleleka nge-anthrax: isikhumba (ukusika), amaphaphu (ukuhogela), nomlomo (emathunjini).

I-anthrax enqamulelayo yenzeka lapho izinhlamvu ze-anthrax zingena emzimbeni ngokusikeka noma ngokusika esikhunjeni.

• Luhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokutheleleka nge-anthrax.
• Ingcuphe enkulu ukuthintana nezikhumba zezilwane noma izinwele, imikhiqizo yamathambo, noboya, noma nezilwane ezinegciwane. Abantu abasengozini enkulu ye-anthrax enqamulelayo bafaka abasebenzi basepulazini, odokotela bezilwane, abashuki kanye nabasebenza ngoboya.

I-anthrax yokuhogela umoya iqala lapho izinhlamvu ze-anthrax zingena emaphashini ngezindlela zomoya. Kuvame ukuba nenkontileka lapho abasebenzi bephefumula izinhlamvu ze-anthrax ezisemoyeni ngesikhathi sezinqubo ezifana nokushuka izikhumba nokucubungula uvolo.

Ukuphefumula izinhlamvu kusho ukuthi umuntu uvezwe i-anthrax. Kepha akusho ukuthi umuntu uzoba nezimpawu.

• Izinhlamvu zebhaktheriya kufanele zihlume noma zihlume (ngendlela efanayo imbewu ehluma ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo sikhule) ngaphambi kokuba kuvele isifo sangempela. Le nqubo ivame ukuthatha izinsuku ezi-1 kuye kwezi-6.
• Lapho nje izinhlamvu zihluma, zikhipha izinto eziningana ezinobuthi. Lezi zinto zibangela ukopha ngaphakathi, ukuvuvukala kanye nokufa kwezicubu.

I-anthrax emathunjini yenzeka lapho othile edla inyama engcoliswe i-anthrax.

I-anthrax yokujova ingenzeka kumuntu ojova i-heroin.

I-anthrax ingasetshenziswa njengesikhali semvelo noma i-bioterrorism.

Izimpawu ze-anthrax ziyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-anthrax.

Izimpawu ze-anthrax ezinqunyiwe ziqala ezinsukwini eziyi-1 ukuya kwezi-7 ngemuva kokuvezwa:

• Kuqubuka isilonda esilumayo esifana nokulunywa yizinambuzane. Lesi sifo singaqhuma bese sakha isilonda esimnyama (sore noma eschar).
• Isilonda ngokuvamile asibuhlungu, kepha kwesinye isikhathi sizungezwe ukuvuvukala.
• Kuqhamuka uqweqwe, bese luyoma luwe kungakapheli amasonto amabili. Ukuphulukiswa okuphelele kungathatha isikhathi eside.

Izimpawu ze-anthrax yokuhogela:

• Kuqala ngomkhuhlane, ukugula, ukuphathwa ikhanda, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula okuncane, nobuhlungu besifuba
• Imfiva nokwethuka kungenzeka ngemuva kwesikhathi

Izimpawu ze-anthrax emathunjini zivame ukwenzeka phakathi neviki elilodwa futhi zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Uhudo olunegazi
• Uhudo
• Imfiva
• Izilonda zomlomo
• I-nausea nokuhlanza (ukuhlanza kungaqukatha igazi)

Izimpawu zomjovo i-anthrax ziyefana nalezi ze-anthrax ezinqunyiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba noma imisipha engaphansi kwendawo yokujova ingahle itheleleke.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthola i-anthrax kuncike ohlotsheni lwesifo okusolwayo ngaso.

Isiko lesikhumba, futhi kwesinye isikhathi i-biopsy, lenziwa ezilondeni zesikhumba. Isampula sibhekwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukukhomba ibhaktheriya le-anthrax.

Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Isiko legazi
• Isikena se-CT esifubeni noma i-x-ray yesifuba
• Thepha umgogodla ukuhlola ukutheleleka kuzungeze ikholomu lomgogodla
• Isiko lesikhohlela

Ukuhlolwa okuningi kungenziwa kumasampula oketshezi noma wegazi.

Imithi elwa namagciwane ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-anthrax. Ama-antibiotic angahle anqunywe afaka i-penicillin, i-doxycycline, ne-ciprofloxacin.

I-anthrax yokuphefumula iphathwa ngenhlanganisela yama-antibiotic njenge-ciprofloxacin kanye nomunye umuthi. Banikezwa nge-IV (ngemithambo yegazi). Imithi elwa namagciwane ivame ukuphuzwa izinsuku ezingama-60 ngoba kungathatha izinhlamvu ezinde ukukhula.

I-anthrax enqunyiwe iphathwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane ethathwe ngomlomo, imvamisa izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10. I-Doxycycline ne-ciprofloxacin zisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Uma welashwa ngama-antibiotic, i-anthrax enqamulelayo kungenzeka ibengcono. Kodwa abanye abantu abangatholi ukwelashwa bangafa uma i-anthrax isakazekela egazini.

Abantu abanesigaba sesibili sokuhogela i-anthrax banesimo sengqondo esingesihle, ngisho noma belashwa ngama-antibiotic. Amacala amaningi esigabeni sesibili ayabulala.

Ukutheleleka nge-anthrax emathunjini kungadlulela egazini futhi kungaholela ekufeni.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi uvezwe i-anthrax noma uma uba nezimpawu zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-anthrax.

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuvimbela i-anthrax.

Kubantu abaye bavezwa i-anthrax (kodwa bengenazo izimpawu zalesi sifo), abahlinzeki bangase banikeze ama-antibiotic okuvimbela, njenge-ciprofloxacin, i-penicillin, noma i-doxycycline, kuye ngobunzima be-anthrax.

Umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax uyatholakala kubasebenzi bamasosha nakwamanye amalungu omphakathi jikelele. Inikezwa ochungechungeni lwamanani ama-5 ngaphezulu kwezinyanga eziyi-18.

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokusabalalisa i-anthrax enqamula kumuntu iye komunye umuntu. Abantu abahlala nomuntu one-anthrax enqamulelayo abadingi ama-antibiotic ngaphandle kokuthi nabo bevezwe emthonjeni ofanayo we-anthrax.

Isifo sikaWoolsorter; Isifo sikaRagpicker; I-anthrax enqamulelayo; I-anthrax emathunjini

• I-anthrax enqamulelayo
• I-anthrax enqamulelayo
• Ukuhogela i-Anthrax
• Amasosha omzimba
• I-Bacillus anthracis

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. I-anthrax. www.cdc.gov/anthrax/index.html. Kubuyekezwe uJanuwari 31, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngoMeyi 23, 2019.

ILucey DR, iGrinberg LM. I-anthrax. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 294.

UMartin GJ, uFriedlander AM. I-Bacillus anthracis (i-anthrax). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 207.