Umjikelezo wekhanda

Umjikelezo wekhanda yisilinganiso senhloko yengane ezungeze indawo yayo enkulu. Ikala ibanga ukusuka ngenhla kwamashiya nezindlebe nxazonke ngemuva kwekhanda.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile, ibanga likalwa ngamasentimitha noma amasentimitha bese liqhathaniswa ne:

• Izilinganiso ezedlule zomjikelezo wekhanda wengane.
• Amabanga ajwayelekile wobulili neminyaka yengane (amasonto, izinyanga), ngokuya ngamanani ochwepheshe abawatholile kumazinga ajwayelekile okukhula wezinsana namakhanda ezingane.

Ukukala kobubanzi bekhanda yingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kahle kwezingane njalo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengane enhle, ushintsho kusuka ekukhuleni kwekhanda okujwayelekile okulindelekile lungaxwayisa umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngenkinga engaba khona.

Isibonelo, ikhanda elikhudlwana kunokujwayelekile noma elikhula ngosayizi ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile kungaba uphawu lwezinkinga eziningana, kufaka phakathi amanzi asebuchosheni (i-hydrocephalus).

Usayizi omncane kakhulu wekhanda (obizwa nge-microcephaly) noma izinga lokukhula elihamba kancane kakhulu kungaba uphawu lokuthi ubuchopho abukhuli kahle.

Umjikelezo wangaphambili we-Occipital

I-Ball JW, i-Dains JE, i-Flynn JA, i-Solomon BS, i-Stewart RW. Ukukhula kanye nokudla okunomsoco. Ku: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, ama-eds. Umhlahlandlela kaSiedel Wokuhlolwa Komzimba. Umhlaka 9. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 8.

IBamba V, Kelly A. Ukuhlolwa kokukhula. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 27.

URiddell A. Izingane nentsha. Ku: Glynn M, Drake WM, ama-eds. Izindlela Zomtholampilo zikaHutchison. Umhlaka 24. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 6.