Izidakamizwa ze-antiemetic

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zemithi yama-antiemetic
• Ama-antiemetics wokugula okunyakazayo
• Ama-antiemetics omkhuhlane wesisu
• I-antiemetics yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• I-antiemetics yokuhlinzwa
• I-Antiemetics yokugula kwasekuseni
• Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa ze-antiemetic
• Ukwelashwa kwemvelo kwama-antiemetic
• Izidakamizwa ze-antiemetic ziphephile ekukhulelweni
• Izidakamizwa ze-antiemetic ziphephile ezinganeni
• Ukugula okunyakaza
• Okwe-gastroenteritis
• Ukuthatha

Ziyini izidakamizwa ze-antiemetic?

Imithi ye-antiemetic inikezwe ukusiza isicanucanu nokuhlanza okuyimiphumela emibi yezinye izidakamizwa. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izidakamizwa ze-anesthesia ezisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza. Izidakamizwa ze-antiemetic zisetshenziselwa isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa:

• ukugula kokunyakaza
• ukugula kwasekuseni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• izimo ezinzima zomkhuhlane wesisu (gastroenteritis)
• ezinye izifo

Le mithi isebenza ngokuphazamisa ama-neurotransmitter receptors abandakanyeka ekuhlanzeni. Ama-Neurotransmitters amaseli athola amasiginali wokuthumela umfutho wezinzwa. Izindlela ezilawula lokhu kusabela komzimba ziyinkimbinkimbi. Uhlobo lwesidakamizwa se-antiemetic esisetshenzisiwe luzoya ngesizathu.

Izinhlobo zemithi yama-antiemetic

Eminye imishanguzo yokulwa nesifo somzimba ithathwa ngomlomo. Ezinye ziyatholakala njengomjovo noma njengesiqeshana esibekwe emzimbeni wakho ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi ugwinye lutho. Uhlobo lwesidakamizwa se-antiemetic okufanele usithathe kuncike kulokho okubangela izimpawu zakho:

Ama-antiemetics wokugula okunyakazayo

Ama-antihistamine avimbela isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa ukugula kokunyakaza ayatholakala kwikhawunta (i-OTC). Zisebenza ngokugcina indlebe yakho yangaphakathi ekuboneni ukunyakaza okugcwele futhi ifaka:

• i-dimenhydrinate (iDramamine, iGravol)
• i-meclizine (iDramamine Less Drowsy, iBonine)

Ama-antiemetics omkhuhlane wesisu

Umkhuhlane wesisu, noma i-gastroenteritis, ubangelwa igciwane noma amagciwane. Isidakamizwa i-OTC bismuth-subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) sisebenza ngokumboza ulwelwesi lwesisu sakho. Ungazama futhi i-OTC glucose, i-fructose, noma i-phosphoric acid (i-Emetrol).

I-antiemetics yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Isicanucanu nokuhlanza kuyingxenye evamile yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Izidakamizwa ze-antiemetic zisetshenziswa ngaphambi nangemva kwamakhemikhali ukuvimbela izimpawu.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zifaka:

• abaphikisi be-serotonin 5-HT3 receptor: i-dolasetron (i-Anzemet), i-granisetron (i-Kytril, iSancuso), i-ondansetron (iZofran, iZuplenz), i-palonosetron (i-Aloxi)
• abaphikisi be-dopamine: prochlorperazine (Compazine), domperidone (Motilium, ayitholakali e-US), olanzapine (Zyprexa)
• Abamelene ne-NK1 receptor: i-aprepitant (Emend), i-rolapitant (i-Varubi)
• ama-corticosteroids: i-dexamethasone (DexPak)
• ama-cannabinoids: insangu (insangu yezokwelapha), i-dronabinol (Marinol)

I-antiemetics yokuhlinzwa

Isicanucanu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kanye nokuhlanza (i-PONV) kungabangelwa i-anesthesia esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Imithi kadokotela esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-PONV ifaka phakathi:

• abaphikisi be-serotonin 5-HT3 receptor: dolasetron, granisetron, i-ondansetron
• abaphikisi be-dopamine: i-metoclopramide (Reglan), i-droperidol (Inapsine), i-domperidone
• ama-corticosteroids: dexamethasone

I-Antiemetics yokugula kwasekuseni

Ukugula kwasekuseni kuvamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, izidakamizwa ze-antiemetic azivamisile ukunikezwa ngaphandle kokuthi zinzima.

I-Hyperemesis gravidarum yinkinga yokukhulelwa edala isicanucanu nokuhlanza okukhulu. Uma unale nkinga, udokotela wakho angakunikeza:

• ama-antihistamine, njenge-dimenhydrinate
• uvithamini B-6 (pyridoxine)
• abaphikisi be-dopamine, njenge-prochlorperazine, i-promethazine (i-Pentazine, i-Phenergan)
• metoclopramide uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi

Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa ze-antiemetic

Imiphumela emibi incike ohlotsheni lomuthi we-antiemetic owuthathayo:

• i-bismuth-subsalicylate: ulimi olunombala omnyama, indle emnyama mpunga
• ama-antihistamine: ukozela, umlomo owomile
• abaphikisi be-dopamine: umlomo owomile, ukukhathala, ukuqunjelwa, i-tinnitus, ukuqina kwemisipha, ukungahlaliseki
• ama-neuroninin receptor agonists: ukuncipha kokuchama, umlomo owomile, isilungulela
• abaphikisi be-serotonin 5-HT3 receptor: ukuqunjelwa, umlomo owomile, ukukhathala
• ama-corticosteroids: ukugaya, induna, ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla nokoma
• ama-cannabinoids: izinguquko ekuboneni, isiyezi

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma ikuphi kokulandelayo, thintana nodokotela wakho:

• ukwanda kwesicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• ukuqunjelwa okukhulu
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• ukudlikizela
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukozela okukhulu
• inkulumo engahambi kahle
• izimpawu ezingokwengqondo, njengokusangana noma ukudideka

Ukwelashwa kwemvelo kwama-antiemetic

I-antiemetic yemvelo eyaziwa kakhulu i-ginger (UZingiber officinale). Ujinja uqukethe abaphikisi abangu-5-HT3 abaziwa ngokuthi ama-gingerols. Ucwaningo lwezemitholampilo lukhombisa ukuthi ujinja ungasebenza ekwelapheni isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Gweba ujinja omusha emanzini ashisayo ukwenza itiye, noma zama i-ginger ekhethiwe, amabhisikidi e-ginger, noma i-ginger ale.

I-Aromatherapy enamafutha abalulekile e-peppermint futhi ingaba yindlela yokunqoba isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Zama ukuxubha amaconsi ambalwa ngemuva kwentamo yakho bese uphefumula kakhulu.

Insangu nayo ikhonjiswe ukuthi iyi-. Manje isiyatholakala ngokusemthethweni ezifundazweni eziningi, kodwa ingathathwa njengesidakamizwa esingekho emthethweni kwezinye.

Izidakamizwa ze-antiemetic ziphephile ekukhulelweni

Izidakamizwa zokugula njenge-meclizine ne-dimenhydrinate ziphephile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Abaphikisi be-Vitamin B-6 kanye ne-dopamine kutholakale bephephile, kepha basetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezinzima zokugula kwasekuseni.

Insangu noma insangu akuphephile ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Isidakamizwa sixhunyaniswe nesisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga zobuchopho nokuziphatha ezinganeni. IPepto-Bismol nayo ayinconywa.

Izidakamizwa ze-antiemetic ziphephile ezinganeni

Kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukuxhumana nodokotela ngaphambi kokunikeza izingane imithi.

Ukugula okunyakaza

I-Dimenhydrinate ne-diphenhydramine (iBenadryl) ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha isicanucanu ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2 ubudala, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalo yesikali.

Okwe-gastroenteritis

Izifundo zakamuva zithole ukuthi i-ondansetron ingahle iphephe futhi isebenze ezinganeni ezinesifo esibi se-gastroenteritis.

I-Promethazine akufanele isetshenziswe yizingane noma izingane ezincane. Unganiki i-bismuth-subsalicylate ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-12 noma ngaphansi.

Ukuthatha

Kunemithi eminingi yama-antiemetic yokwelapha isicanucanu nokuhlanza, kepha umuthi okufanele uwuzame uncike kulokho okubangela izimpawu zakho. Qiniseka ukuthi ufunda amalebuli ngokucophelela noma ulandela imiyalo kadokotela wakho. Ezimweni eziphansi zokuhlanza noma zokuhlanza, zama ukwelashwa ngamakhambi njengejinja.