Ziyini Izidakamizwa Ezivimbela Ukuvuvukala?

-Delile

• Basebenza kanjani
• Izinhlobo zemithi yokubulala amagciwane
• Ama-Azoles
• AmaPolyenes
• I-Allylamines
• Ama-Echinocandins
• Okuxubile
• Izifo zefungal
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwefungal
• Izimpawu zezifo ezibucayi kakhulu
• Ukubonana nodokotela nini
• Okubalulekile

Isikhunta sitholakala emhlabeni wonke kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo. Iningi lesikhunta alibangeli izifo kubantu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zingathelela abantu futhi zidale ukugula.

Izidakamizwa ezibulalayo yimithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwefungal. Ngenkathi ukutheleleka okuningi kuthinta izindawo ezinjengesikhumba nezinzipho, ezinye zingaholela ezimeni ezibucayi nezisongela impilo njenge-meningitis noma i-pneumonia.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi elwa namagciwane etholakalayo ukulwa nezifo zefungal.

Basebenza kanjani

Ngokuvamile, imishanguzo yokubulala izinzwa ingasebenza ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokubulala ngqo amaseli wefungal noma ngokuvimbela amangqamuzana efungal ukuthi angakhuli futhi achume. Kepha bakwenza kanjani lokhu?

Izidakamizwa ze-antifungal zikhomba ukwakheka noma imisebenzi edingekayo kumaseli wefungal kepha hhayi kumaseli womuntu, ukuze akwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka kwefungal ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli omzimba wakho.

Izakhiwo ezimbili ezihlosiwe kakhulu ulwelwesi lwamafungal kanye nodonga lwefungal cell. Zombili lezi zakhiwo zizungeze futhi zivikele iseli lesikhunta. Lapho noma yiphi isengozini, iseli lesikhunta lingaqhuma livuleke futhi life.

Izinhlobo zemithi yokubulala amagciwane

Izidakamizwa ezibulalayo zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Zinganikezwa ngomlomo, njengokwelashwa ngezihloko, noma nge-IV. Ukuthi unikezwa kanjani umuthi wokubulala izinhlungu kuncike ezintweni ezifana nomuthi othile, uhlobo lokutheleleka onalo, nobukhulu besifo sakho.

Izidakamizwa ezibulalayo zihlukaniswa ngokwakhiwa kwazo kwamakhemikhali nokuthi zisebenza kanjani. Ngezansi, sizoxoxa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithi yokubulala izinhlungu futhi sinikeze izibonelo ezithile zezinhlobo zezifo abazelaphayo.

Ama-Azoles

Ama-Azoles ngamanye ama-antifungal asetshenziswa kakhulu. Ziphazamisa i-enzyme ebalulekile ekwakheni ulwelwesi lwamafungal cell. Ngenxa yalokhu, ulwelwesi lweseli luyaqina futhi lungavuza, ekugcineni luholele ekufeni kweseli.

Kunamaqenjana amabili ama-azole antifungal: imidazoles kanye ne-triazoles.

Izibonelo ze-imidazole antifungals nezimo abazelaphayo yilezi:

• Ketoconazole: izifo zesikhumba nezinwele, UCandida izifo zesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis
• I-Clotrimazole: ukutheleleka kwesikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila
• Miconazole: ukutheleleka kwesikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila

Ezinye izibonelo zama-triazoles nezimo abaziphatha yilezi:

• I-Fluconazole:UCandida ukutheleleka, kufaka phakathi ukutheleleka kwe-mucosal, systemic, kanye nokuhlasela; i-cryptococcosis
• I-Itraconazole: i-aspergillosis, i-blastomycosis, i-histoplasmosis, i-mucosal UCandida izifo, i-coccidioidomycosis (off-label), ne-onychomycosis
• I-Posaconazole: i-aspergillosis (off-label for treatment), i-mucosal ne-invasive UCandida izifo
• I-Voriconazole: i-aspergillosis, i-mucosal noma i-invasive UCandida izifo, ukutheleleka nge I-Fusarium izinhlobo
• Isavuconazole: i-aspergillosis kanye ne-mucormycosis

AmaPolyenes

Ama-Polyenes abulala amangqamuzana e-fungal ngokwenza udonga lwama-fungal cell lube lukhuni kakhulu, okwenza iseli le-fungal livame ukuqhuma.

Ezinye izibonelo zama-polyene antifungal yilezi:

• I-Amphotericin B: ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene kuyatholakala ukwelapha i-aspergillosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis (off-label), mucosal noma invasive UCandida izifo, kanye ne-coccidioidomycosis
• Nystatin:UCandida izifo zesikhumba nomlomo

I-Allylamines

Njengama-antifungal e-azole, ama-allylamines aphazamisa i-enzyme ebandakanyeka ekwakheni ulwelwesi lwama-fungal cell. Isibonelo esisodwa se-allylamine yi-terbinafine, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zesikhunta esikhunjeni.

Ama-Echinocandins

Ama-Echinocandin awuhlobo olusha lomuthi wokubulala amagciwane. Zivimbela i-enzyme ebandakanyeka ekwenziweni kodonga lwamafungal cell.

Ezinye izibonelo zama-echinocandin yilezi:

• I-Anidulafungin: mucosal futhi koda UCandida izifo
• I-Caspofungin: mucosal futhi koda UCandida izifo, aspergillosis
• I-Micafungin: mucosal futhi koda UCandida izifo

Okuxubile

Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zemithi yokubulala amakhambi. Lezi zinamasu ahlukile kunezinhlobo esizixoxe ngenhla.

I-Flucytosine i-antifungal evimbela iseli lefungal ekwenzeni ama-nucleic acid namaprotheni. Ngenxa yalokhu, iseli alisakwazi ukukhula nokukhula. I-Flucytosine ingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa ngezifo ezinesistimu UCandida noma I-Cryptococcus izinhlobo.

Griseofulvin isebenza ukuvimbela iseli lefungal ekuhlukaneni ukukhiqiza amaseli amaningi. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zesikhumba, izinwele nezinzipho.

Izifo zefungal

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokutheleleka kwefungal. Ungathola ukutheleleka kwefungal ngokuhlangana nefungus noma izinhlamvu zefungal ezikhona emvelweni.

Ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu zesikhunta yilezo zesikhumba, izinzipho, nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Izibonelo zifaka:

• 

  Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwefungal

  Izimpawu zezinye zezinhlobo ezejwayelekile zezifo zokukhunta zingafaka:

  • Izikelemu zomzimba: ukuqhuma okungahle kube yindandatho emise esifubeni sakho, ezingalweni noma emilenzeni
  • Umbandamu wesikhumba ama-scaly patches, ama-pustules, noma ama-plaque esikhunjeni sakho ekhanda lakho alumayo futhi angaba nethenda futhi aholele ekulahlekelweni izinwele
  • Unyawo lomsubathi: isikhumba esinamabala phansi kwezinyawo zakho
  • Jock ukuluma: ukuqubuka okubabayo, okubomvu okuvela endaweni yakho yokububula nasemathangeni akho angaphakathi
  • Nail ukhunta: izinzipho eziba mbala, zibe brittle, futhi zikhubazeke
  • Ukutheleleka kwemvubelo yesitho sangasese sowesifazane: ukulunywa, ububomvu, nokuvuvukala endaweni yesitho sangasese sowesifazane - ukuphuma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumhlophe nokuzwa okuvuthayo lapho kuchama nakho kungavela
  • I-thrush yomlomo: ukuthuthukiswa kwezilonda ezimhlophe emlonyeni wakho ezingabomvu futhi zibuhlungu

  Izimpawu zezifo ezibucayi kakhulu

  Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngezifo ezibucayi kakhulu zingahluka ngokuya ngokuthi iziphi izinhlobo zesikhunta ezibangela ukutheleleka kanye nendawo yomzimba wakho ethintekile.

  Zingafaka izinto ezifana:

  • imfiva
  • ukujuluka ebusuku
  • izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ezinjengekhanda, ukukhathala, nobuhlungu bomzimba nezinhlungu
  • izimpawu zokuphefumula njengokukhwehlela nokuphefumula okuncane
  • izimpawu ze-meningitis, njengekhanda elibi, intamo eqinile nokuzwela okulula

  Ukubonana nodokotela nini

  Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho uma:

  • ama-antifungal e-over-the-counter (OTC) awasebenzanga ukukhulula izimpawu zezifo ezifana ne-wormworm, i-nail fungus, noma isifo semvubelo sowesifazane sangasese
  • izilonda ezimhlophe ezingachazwanga zikhula emlonyeni wakho
  • unemfiva, izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, noma ukuqubuka okuba kubi kakhulu kanye / noma usola ukutheleleka kwefungal

  Kunezimpawu ezithile okufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha

  Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

  • ubuhlungu besifuba
  • ukuphefumula kanzima
  • ekhwehlela igazi
  • izimpawu ze-meningitis, ezinjengekhanda elibi kakhulu, intamo eqinile nokuzwela okulula
  • ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazwanga, umkhuhlane, noma ukubanda

  Okubalulekile

  Izidakamizwa ezifakwayo zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwefungal. Bakhomba izinqubo nezakhiwo ezihlukile kwisikhunta ukuze kubulawe amaseli wefungal noma kuvimbele ukuthi zikhule.

  Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokulwa nokubola, futhi inganikezwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene. Uhlobo lwesidakamizwa esisetshenzisiwe kanye nendlela esetshenziswa ngayo kungancika emthini kanye nohlobo nobukhulu besifo.

  Ngenkathi izinhlobo eziningi zezifo zefungal ziphathwa kalula, ezinye zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Bona udokotela wakho uma ukutheleleka kwesikhunta kungapheli nokwelashwa kwe-OTC noma uma usola ukuthi unesifo esibi kakhulu sefungal.