Ingabe Ama-steroid Akulungile Kuwe? Ukusetshenziswa, Imiphumela emibi, Nezingozi

-Delile

• Yini ama-steroids?
• Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko nezinzuzo ezingaba khona
• Abasubathi abafuna ukuthuthukisa ukukhipha isivinini namandla
• Abasubathi bamandla abafuna ukwandisa isisindo samandla namandla
• Labo abanezifo ezichitha imisipha
• Imiphumela emibi engaba khona
• Imiphumela emibi yabesifazane
• Kungaba yingozi
• Ukusebenza kwegazi njalo kubalulekile
• Ingozi yokutheleleka
• Ezingekho emthethweni ezindaweni eziningi
• Kungaba umlutha wengqondo
• Ingabe kukhona isilinganiso esiphephile?
• Ezinye izinhlobo ze-steroids
• Okubalulekile

Ukwandisa amandla emisipha namandla angaphezu komkhawulo wemvelo, abanye abantu baphendukela ezintweni ezifana ne-anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS).

I-Anabolic isho ukukhushulwa kokukhula, kanti i-androgenic ibhekisa ekuthuthukiseni izici zobulili besilisa.

Ngenkathi amakhono wokwakha imisipha we-steroids abhalwe kahle, eza nemiphumela emibi eminingi engaba khona.

Lo mbhalo ubuyekeza ama-anabolic-androgenic steroids, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwawo, imiphumela engemihle, izingozi, nesimo somthetho.

Yini ama-steroids?

I-Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) iyindlela yokwenziwa ye-testosterone, eyi-hormone yabesilisa eyinhloko ().

Zithinta izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wakho, njengemisipha yakho, izintambo zezinwele, amathambo, isibindi, izinso, nezinhlelo zokuzala nokuzwela.

Abantu ngokwemvelo bakhiqiza le hormone.

Kwabesilisa, amazinga ayo akhula ngesikhathi sokuthomba ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezici zobulili besilisa, njengokukhula kwezinwele zomzimba, izwi elijulile, ukushayela ubulili, nokukhuphuka okuphakeme nobukhulu bemisipha.

Yize ngokwesiko kucatshangwa njenge-hormone yesilisa, abesifazane nabo bakhiqiza i-testosterone kodwa ngamanani amancane kakhulu. Isebenzela imisebenzi eminingana yabesifazane, ikakhulukazi ekhuthaza ukuqina kwamathambo kanye ne-libido enempilo ().

Amazinga ajwayelekile e-testosterone avela ku-300-1,000 ng / dL kwabesilisa no-15-70 ng / dL kwabesifazane. Ukuthatha ama-steroids kuphakamisa amazinga ale hormone, okudala imiphumela efana nokwanda kwemisipha namandla (, 4).

Ama-steroid ayindlela yokwenziwa ye-testosterone, i-hormone yezocansi ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo ngabesilisa nabesifazane ngokufanayo. Ukuthatha ama-steroids kwandisa amazinga e-testosterone, kubangele imiphumela efana nokwanda kwemisipha namandla.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko nezinzuzo ezingaba khona

Uma ucabanga ngama-steroids, into yokuqala engafika engqondweni ukusetshenziswa kwawo ekwakheni umzimba ukukhuthaza ukuzuza kwemisipha. Ngenkathi lolu hlelo luvamile, i-AAS isetshenziselwa ezinye izinhloso.

Izinzuzo ezinkulu ezingaba khona ezihlotshaniswa ne-anabolic steroids yilezi ezilandelayo ():

• ukwanda kwezicubu zemisipha ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwamaprotheni
• kwehle iphesenti lamafutha omzimba
• ukwandisa amandla emisipha namandla
• ukuvuselelwa okuthuthukile kusuka ekusebenzeni nasekulimaleni
• ubungcono bamaminerali amathambo
• ukukhuthazela okungcono kwemisipha
• kwandise ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu

Le miphumela engaba khona ingazuzisa amaqembu ahlukahlukene abantu.

Abasubathi abafuna ukuthuthukisa ukukhipha isivinini namandla

Emkhakheni wezemidlalo, abasubathi bahlala befuna izindlela zokuthola onqenqemeni lomncintiswano.

Ngenkathi izivivinyo zamandla nezokulungisa ezithuthukile, kanye nokudla okunomsoco, kuhamba ibanga elide kulokhu, abanye abasubathi bathatha igxathu eliya phambili ngokuthatha izidakamizwa ezandisa ukusebenza (PEDs).

I-AAS ingenye yama-PED amakhulu asetshenziswa abagijimi. Kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kukhulisa isisindo semisipha, okuholela ekwandeni kwejubane namandla okukhipha amandla ().

Abasubathi abasebenzisa i-AAS bangathola ukuzuza kwamandla okungu-5-20% nokuzuza kwesisindo samakhilogremu angu-4.5-11 (2-5 kg), okungahle kube ngenxa yokwanda kwesisindo somzimba esinciphile ().

Kwezemidlalo yokuncintisana, i-steroid dosing ithambekele ekulondolozeni kahle ukugwema ukutholwa. Ubuningi bemisipha akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu lapha, njengoba isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuthola nokukhuphula amandla kagesi (,).

Yize iningi lemifelandawonye yezemidlalo livimbela i-AAS, abanye abasubathi banomuzwa wokuthi ingozi yokubanjwa ifanele izinzuzo.

Abasubathi bamandla abafuna ukwandisa isisindo samandla namandla

Uma kukhulunywa ngezemidlalo yamandla, kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa komzimba, ukuphakanyiswa kwamandla, nokuphakanyiswa kwesisindo kwe-Olimpiki, ama-anabolic steroids asetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhulisa ubukhulu bemisipha, amandla namandla ().

Kule midlalo, amandla emisipha, ubukhulu, namandla ahlobene ngqo nokusebenza kukonke.

Ngenkathi umgomo wokwakha umzimba ungumkhawulo wemisipha ephezulu esigabeni esinikeziwe, amandla nosayizi wemisipha kuhlobene eduze, noma ezinye izici zisasebenza futhi ().

Ukufakwa kwe-AAS kwezemidlalo yamandla kuvame ukuba nenkululeko enkulu, njengoba imifelandawonye eminingi ingazivivinyi lezi nezinye izinto. Ngenkathi imiphumela enamandla kakhulu ingabonakala kumanani aphezulu, ingozi yemiphumela emibi iyakhuphuka nayo.

Abasebenzisi abaningi abakulesi sigaba basebenzisa isu elibizwa nge- "stacking," okuyigama lesitsotsi lokuxuba izinhlobo eziningi ze-AAS. Abanye abasubathi bafaka namanye ama-hormone okwenziwa, njenge-hormone yokukhula ne-insulin.

Labo abanezifo ezichitha imisipha

Izimo eziningana zingaholela ekulahlekelweni yimisipha, kufaka phakathi i-AIDS, isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD), umdlavuza, nesifo sezinso nesibindi. Yize ingajwayelekile, i-AAS ingasetshenziswa kulezi zindawo ukusiza ukugcina ubukhulu bemisipha (,).

Ukulahlekelwa kwemisipha kuye kwaxhunyaniswa kakhulu nokufa kulezi zifo futhi ukuvimbela ukuthi kungathuthukisa imiphumela yokwelashwa futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila (,,,).

Ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-AAS kungeyona ukuphela kwendlela yokulondoloza ubukhulu bemisipha, kungazuzisa laba bantu. Noma kunjalo, imiphumela emibi engaba khona kufanele ibhekwe.

Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-steroids kufaka phakathi ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezemidlalo, ukukhulisa isisindo kubasubathi bamandla, nokugcina ubukhulu bemisipha kulabo abanezifo ezichitha imisipha.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zabo ezingaba khona, i-AAS inemiphumela emibi ethile, ubunzima bayo buyahluka ngokuya ngezinga ozisebenzisa ngalo lezi zinto.

Izakhi zofuzo zomuntu ngamunye nazo zithinta indlela ophendula ngayo ku-AAS ().

Isilinganiso se-anabolic-to-androgenic siyehluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-AAS, ezingathinta ukusabela okungalungile futhi. I-Anabolic ibhekisa ezakhiweni zokukhula kwemisipha, kanti i-androgenic ibhekisa ekukhuthazeni izici zobulili besilisa ().

Imiphumela emibi emibi ehlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-AAS yile elandelayo:

• Ingozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo. I-AAS esetshenziswe ngokuhlanganiswa nokuzivocavoca umzimba ingakhulisa usayizi we-ventricle engakwesokunxele senhliziyo yakho, kanye nomfutho wegazi. Lokhu kungakhuphula ubungozi besifo senhliziyo nokufa okuhlobene nakho ().
• Kungakhuphula isimilo esinolaka. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Steroid kuhlotshaniswe nokwanda okuthe xaxa nokungafakwa kwentsha yabesilisa nabantu abadala ().
• Kungathinta isithombe somzimba. Ukusetshenziswa nokuncika kwe-AAS kuhlukaniswa njengokuphazamiseka kwesithombe somzimba kubhukwana lokuxilonga lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ().
• Kungadala ukulimala kwesibindi. I-AAS, ikakhulukazi leyo ethathwe ngomlomo, ikhonjisiwe ukuthi ikhulisa ubungozi bokungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi (20).
• Kungadala i-gynecomastia. Ichazwe njengezicubu zesifuba zesilisa ezivuvukile ezibangelwa ukungalingani kwe-hormone, i-gynecomastia ingenzeka lapho uyeka ukuthatha i-AAS ().
• Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroid kuhlotshaniswa ne-hypogonadism, ebonakala ngokuncipha nokwehla komsebenzi wama-testes ().
• Kungadala ukungazali. Ngenxa yamandla ayo okwehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda, ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroid kungadala ukungabi nenzalo ().
• Kungadala impandla yamadoda. Imiphumela ye-androgenic ye-AAS ingadala noma ibe yimbi impandla yamadoda. Lo mphumela ungahluka ngokuya ngomuthi othile osetshenzisiwe ().

Imiphumela emibi yabesifazane

Ngenkathi imiphumela emibi engenhla ingenzeka kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngokufanayo, abesifazane kufanele bazi eminye eyengeziwe, kufaka phakathi (,):

• ukujula kwezwi
• izinguquko ebusweni nokukhula kwezinwele
• i-clitoris ekhulisiwe
• imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini engajwayelekile
• kwehle usayizi webele
• ukungazali

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroid kuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi eminingana, njengengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo nobuthi besibindi. Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe ibonakala kwabesifazane abasebenzisa i-AAS.

Kungaba yingozi

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AAS kuza nezingozi eziningana, okubenza babe yingozi kubantu abaningi. Ngenkathi izindlela ezithile zinganciphisa ezinye zalezi zingozi, azinakugwenywa ngokuphelele.

Ukusebenza kwegazi njalo kubalulekile

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AAS kungathinta amanani ama-lab amaningi, okwenza ukusebenza kwegazi njalo kubalulekile ukugwema izinkinga ezinkulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroid kungathinta amanani alab alandelayo (,):

• Ingakhuphula i-hemoglobin ne-hematocrit. Lezi zimaki zegazi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulethweni komoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho wonke. Amazinga akhuphukile angalinciphisa igazi lakho futhi andise amathuba okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.
• Inganciphisa i-cholesterol ye-HDL (enhle) futhi inyuse i-cholesterol ye-LDL (embi). I-cholesterol ye-HDL ne-LDL kufanele ibe sebangeni eliphilile. Ama-HDL aphansi namazinga aphezulu e-LDL angandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
• Ingakhulisa omaka besibindi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AAS kuhlotshaniswe nokwanda kwe-aspartate transaminase (AST) ne-alanine transaminase (ALT), izimpawu ezimbili zomsebenzi wesibindi. Amazinga aphakanyisiwe angakhombisa ukungasebenzi kwesibindi.

Kufanele uthintane nomhlinzeki wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuqala uhlobo oluguqula amazinga omzimba womzimba wakho wemvelo.

Ingozi yokutheleleka

Lapho uthatha i-AAS, ingozi yokutheleleka ingaba phezulu impela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-steroids amaningi akhiqizwa kumalebhu angekho emthethweni angalandeli izinqubo ezifanayo nezamalebhu ezentengiso.

Kuma-steroid okumele ajovwe, kunengozi eyengeziwe yokungcola kanye nokutheleleka.

Lapho uthenga i-AAS emakethe emnyama, kunethuba lezinto ezibhalwe ngokungeyikho noma zomgunyathi, okwandisa ubungozi bokutheleleka.

Ezingekho emthethweni ezindaweni eziningi

Isimo sezomthetho se-AAS siyehluka ngezwe nangesifunda, yize zihlukaniswa ngokungemthetho ezindaweni eziningi uma zisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezingezona ezokwelapha.

Ama-anabolic steroid ahlukaniswa njengesidakamizwa sohlelo III e-United States. Ukutholakala ngokungekho emthethweni kungathwala inhlawulo enkulu yonyaka owodwa ejele kanye nenhlawulo encane engu- $ 1,000 ngecala lokuqala (29).

Ukuphela kwendlela yokuthola nokusebenzisa i-AAS ngokusemthethweni kungaba ukuthi babekwe ngudokotela ngesimo esithile, njenge-testosterone ephansi noma isifo esimosha imisipha.

Abantu abakhetha ukuzisebenzisa ngokungemthetho bazibeka engozini yemiphumela yezomthetho.

Kungaba umlutha wengqondo

Yize i-AAS ingahlukaniswa njengelutha ngokomzimba, ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kungahle kuhlotshaniswe nokulutha kwengqondo okungaholela ekuthembekeni ().

Umphumela ovamile wengqondo oqondene nokusetshenziswa kwe-AAS yi-muscle dysmorphia, lapho abasebenzisi beba matasa ngokuba nomzimba wemisipha ().

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroid kuyingozi ngezizathu eziningana, kufaka phakathi ingozi enkulu yokutheleleka, isimo sabo esingekho emthethweni ezindaweni eziningi, kanye namandla okulutha kwengqondo. Ukusebenza kwegazi njalo kubalulekile ukuqapha imiphumela emibi yezempilo engaba khona.

Ingabe kukhona isilinganiso esiphephile?

Ngenkathi amanani aphansi, abalwe kahle we-AAS angavikeleka kakhulu kunamanani angalawulwa ahlotshaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa, azikho izifundo eziqhathanise ukuphepha kwamanani ahlukahlukene e-steroid.

I-testosterone yokwenziwa isetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abane-testosterone ephansi, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).

I-TRT imvamisa iphephile kubantu besilisa abanamazinga aphansi e-testosterone uma ilawulwa ngudokotela. Idatha yokunquma ukuphepha kwe-TRT kwabesifazane ayanele ().

Ukweqiwa okuphezulu okusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezemidlalo nokuncintisana kwezemidlalo kuxhumene nengozi eyengeziwe yemiphumela emibi futhi akunakuthathwa njengokuphephile ().

Akunandaba nomthamo, ukuthatha i-AAS kuhlala kunezinga lobungozi obuhambisana nalo.

Abantu baphendula ngokuhlukile ku-AAS ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kofuzo. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukwazi kahle ukuthi umzimba wakho uzosabela kanjani.

Ngenkathi imithamo ephansi, elawulwayo ehambisana nokwelashwa kwe-testosterone evame ukwamukelwa njengokuphephile kumadoda ane-testosterone ephansi, ukuthatha ama-steroids kunoma yiliphi inani kungadala ubungozi bezempilo. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ibonakala ngamanani aphezulu.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-steroids

Ngenkathi i-AAS iluhlobo lwe-steroid olukhulunywa kakhulu, kunolunye uhlobo olubizwa nge-glucocorticoids noma i-corticosteroids. Lawa ngamahomoni avela ngokwemvelo akhiqizwa kwizindlala ze-adrenal ezisezinso zakho ().

Zisebenza njengendlela yokuphendula emasosheni akho omzimba, alawula ukuvuvukala. Izinhlobo zokwenziwa zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezithile ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokweqile, kufaka phakathi:

• komzimba
• isifuba somoya
• izifo ezizimele
• sepsis

Ngenkathi zisebenza kahle ukulawula izifo ezithile, zingadala imiphumela emibi eminingi, njengamazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini nokuzuza kwesisindo. Ngalesi sizathu, zigcinelwe kuphela izimo zokuvuvukala ezilinganiselwe nezishubile ().

AmaCorticosteroids ngolunye uhlobo lwe-steroid ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wakho ukusiza ukulawula izinqubo zomzimba zokuvuvukala. Amafomu okwenziwa asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwezifo eziningi ezizimele.

Okubalulekile

I-Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) iyindlela yokwenziwa ye-testosterone esetshenziselwa ukukhulisa isisindo namandla.

Ngenkathi ubungozi bezempilo babo buhluka ngohlobo nenani elithathiwe, zingaba yingozi futhi zidale imiphumela emibi ngasiphi isilinganiso. Futhi, azikho emthethweni ezindaweni eziningi.

Ukusebenzisa i-AAS kuyisinqumo esibi kakhulu, futhi izingozi ngokuvamile zidlula noma yiziphi izinzuzo.