I-arrhythmia yenhliziyo: kuyini, izimpawu, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-arrhythmia
• 1. Ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka
• 2. I-hypothyroidism enamandla
• 3. Isifo se-Chagas
• 4. Ukushoda kwegazi
• 5. Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi
• 6. AmaValvulopathies
• 7. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso
• Yelashwa kanjani
• 1. Ukwelashwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane
• 2. Ukwelashwa kwenhliziyo esheshayo

I-arrhythmia yenhliziyo ingukushintsha kwesigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo, okungadala ukuthi ishaye ngokushesha okukhulu, kancane noma ngaphandle kwesigqi. Ukuvama kokushaya kwenhliziyo ngomzuzu owodwa okubhekwe njengokujwayelekile kumuntu ekuphumuleni, kuphakathi kuka-50 kuya ku-100.

I-cardiac arrhythmia ingaba yingozi noma ibe yingozi, kanti izinhlobo ezinobungozi zivame kakhulu. I-Benign arrhythmias yenhliziyo yileyo engaguquli ukusebenza nokusebenza kwenhliziyo futhi ingalethi izingozi ezinkulu zokufa, futhi ingalawulwa ngemithi nangokwenza umsebenzi womzimba. Izingozi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziba zimbi ngomzamo noma ngokuvivinya umzimba futhi zingaholela ekufeni.

Ukwelashwa kwe-arrhythmia yenhliziyo kungenzeka kuphela uma kutholakala futhi kwelashwa ngesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuzuzwe ikhambi, kubalulekile ukuthi lowo muntu abhekwe ngudokotela wenhliziyo bese elashwa ngokwenkomba.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-arrhythmia yenhliziyo ukushintsha kokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, inhliziyo esheshayo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane, kepha ezinye izimpawu zingavela, njenge:

• Ukuzwa kwesigaxa emphinjeni;
• Isiyezi;
• Ukuquleka;
• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka;
• Ukukhathala okulula;
• Ubuhlungu besifuba;
• Ukuphefumula okufishane;
• Ukugula okuvamile.

Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu azikho futhi udokotela angasola kuphela i-arrhythmia yenhliziyo lapho ehlola ukushaya komuntu, enza ukuthokozisa kwenhliziyo noma enze i-electrocardiogram.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-cardiac arrhythmia kwenziwa yi-cardiologist ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezihlola ukwakheka kwenhliziyo nokusebenza kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo ezikhonjisiwe zingahluka kusuka kumuntu nomuntu futhi ngokuya ngezinye izimpawu ezinganikezwa nobuningi be-arrhythmia.

Ngakho-ke, i-electrocardiogram, i-holter yamahora angama-24, ukuhlolwa kokuvivinya umzimba, isifundo se-electrophysiological kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-TILT kungakhonjiswa ngudokotela. Ngakho-ke, ngokwenza lezi zivivinyo kungenzeka hhayi kuphela ukuxilonga i-arrhythmia, kepha futhi nokukhomba imbangela yalolu shintsho ukuze kuboniswe ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu. Bona okuningi mayelana nokuhlolwa okuhlola inhliziyo.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-arrhythmia

I-arrhythmia yenhliziyo ingenzeka ngenxa yezimo ezahlukahlukene futhi ayihlobene ngqo nezinguquko enhliziyweni. Ngakho-ke, izimbangela ezinkulu ze-arrhythmia yenhliziyo yilezi:

1. Ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka

Ingcindezi nokukhathazeka kungadala izinkinga eziningana zempilo ngenxa yokuguqulwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-cortisol, okungaholela ezimpawu ezifana nokushintsha kokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukujuluka okubandayo, ukundindizela, isiyezi noma umlomo owomile, isibonelo. Bona amathiphu wokuthi ungakulawula kanjani ukucindezeleka.

2. I-hypothyroidism enamandla

I-Hypothyroidism ingukushintsha kwendlala yegilo lapho kukhona ukukhiqizwa okwanele kwamahomoni wegilo, okungashintsha ukushaya kwenhliziyo futhi kubangele inhliziyo ishaye kancane kunokujwayelekile.

Ngaphezu kwe-arrhythmia, kuvamile ukuthi ezinye izimpawu ezihlobene nokungasebenzi kwe-thyroid zivele, njengokuzuza kwesisindo, ukukhathala ngokweqile nokulahleka kwezinwele, ngokwesibonelo. Yazi ezinye izimpawu ze-hypothyroidism.

3. Isifo se-Chagas

Isifo i-Chagas yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa amagciwane I-Trypanosoma cruzi okungahle futhi kuhlotshaniswe ne-arrhythmia yenhliziyo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, lapho lesi sifo singabonakali, lesi sifo singahlala futhi sikhule enhliziyweni, okungadala ukukhuliswa kwama-ventricles enhliziyo, ukwandiswa kwalesi sitho nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Bona ukuthi ungasibona kanjani isifo se-Chagas.

4. Ukushoda kwegazi

I-anemia nayo ingadala i-arrhythmia, njengoba kulokhu kuncipha inani le-hemoglobin egazini, okuholela ekutheni kuthunyelwe umoya-mpilo omncane emzimbeni, okusho ukuthi kunesidingo sokwandisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo ukwenza konke izitho zithola umoya-mpilo owenele, okwenza i-arrhythmia.

Yize i-arrhythmia ingenzeka, ezinye izimpawu zivame kakhulu esimweni sokushoda kwegazi, njengokukhathala ngokweqile, ukozela, ubunzima bokugxila, ukulahleka kwenkumbulo nokungathandi ukudla, ngokwesibonelo.

5. Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi

I-atherosclerosis ifana nokuba khona kwamapuleti anamafutha emithanjeni yegazi noma emithanjeni yenhliziyo efana nemithambo yegazi, okwenza kube nzima ukudlulisa inani elifanele legazi liye enhliziyweni. Njengomphumela walokhu, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuze igazi ligijime emzimbeni ngendlela efanele, okuholela ku-arrhythmia.

6. AmaValvulopathies

I-Valvulopathies yizifo ezithinta ama-valve enhliziyo, njenge-tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary kanye ne-aortic valves.

7. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso

Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso sibonakala ngokushintsha kwesimo senhliziyo esakha ngaphambi kokuzalwa, okungaphazamisa ngqo ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa kuqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kugcinwe ngokuya ngokuqondiswa ngudokotela wenhliziyo wabantwana.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zifo, kunezinye izinto ezingadala i-arrhythmia, njengemiphumela emibi yeminye imithi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ukuvivinya umzimba kanzima, ukwehluleka kwamangqamuzana enhliziyo, ushintsho ekugxileni kwe-sodium, i-potassium ne-calcium emzimbeni noma izinkinga ngemuva kokuhlinzwa inhliziyo.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-arrhythmia yenhliziyo kungahluka ngokuya ngesizathu soshintsho, ubunzima be-arrhythmia, imvamisa eyenzekayo, iminyaka yomuntu nokuthi ngabe zikhona yini ezinye izimpawu.

Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezinzima, udokotela angakhombisa kuphela ushintsho endleleni yokuphila, lapho umuntu kufanele azame ukudla okunempilo nokulinganisela futhi enze imisebenzi yomzimba njalo, ngaphezu kwalokho kubalulekile ukubheka imisebenzi esizayo ukuphumula, ikakhulukazi lapho kuguqulwa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo.

1. Ukwelashwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane

I-arrhythmia ebangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane, okubizwa nge-bradycardia, lapho singekho isizathu esingalungiswa, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokubekwa kwe-pacemaker ukusiza ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ngoba azikho izidakamizwa ezingasheshisa inhliziyo ngokuthembeka. Funda ukuthi i-pacemaker isebenza kanjani.

2. Ukwelashwa kwenhliziyo esheshayo

Endabeni ye-arrhythmia ebangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, izindlela zokwelashwa ezingenziwa yilezi:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ye-antiarrhythmic i-digoxin yokulawula nokujwayela ukushaya kwenhliziyo;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-anticoagulant njenge-warfarin noma i-aspirin ukuvimbela amahlule egazi angadala ukubumbana;
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Ablation ukuthi kuyinqubo ehlose ukususa noma ukucekela phansi indlela esayina kagesi yenhliziyo eguqukayo futhi engaba yisizathu se-arrhythmia;
• Ukubekwa kwePacemaker, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukuxhumanisa imizwa kagesi nokuncipha kwemisipha yenhliziyo, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwayo nokulawula isigqi sezinsimbi;
• Ukufakwa kwe-Cardiodefibrillator ukuqapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokuqhubekayo nokuthola noma ikuphi ukungahleleki ekushayeni kwenhliziyo, njengoba le divayisi ithumela inkokhelo ethile kagesi enhliziyweni ukuze ijwayele isigqi senhliziyo futhi ikhonjiswe ezimweni ezinzima lapho ukushaya kwenhliziyo kushesha kakhulu noma kungajwayelekile futhi kunengozi yokuba ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angancoma ukuhlinzekelwa ukudlula i-coronary uma i-arrhythmia ibangelwa yizinkinga zemithambo yegazi, enesibopho sokunisela inhliziyo, evumela ukulungisa nokuqondisa kabusha ukugeleza kwegazi komthambo we-coronary othintekile. Thola ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlinzwa ukudlula yenhliziyo.

Kwiphepha lethu le- i-podcast, UDkt. Ricardo Alckmin, umongameli weBrazilian Society of Cardiology, ucacisa ukungabaza okuyinhloko nge-arrhythmia yenhliziyo: