Yini i-Ataxia?

-Delile

• Kuyini ngempela i-ataxia?
• Izinhlobo nezimbangela
• I-ataxia eyifa
• I-ataxia etholakalayo
• Idiopathic
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-ataxia?
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Uphathwa kanjani i-ataxia?
• Okubalulekile

I-Ataxia yigama elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa ezindabeni ngokuhlanganiswa kwemisipha noma ukulawula. Abantu abane-ataxia bavame ukuba nenkinga ngezinto ezifana nokunyakaza, ibhalansi, nokukhuluma.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-ataxia, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunesizathu esihlukile.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-ataxia, izimbangela, izimpawu ezivamile, kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa ezingenzeka.

Kuyini ngempela i-ataxia?

I-Ataxia ichaza ukukhubazeka kokulawulwa kwemisipha noma ukuhlangana.

Lokhu kungathinta izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokunyakaza kufaka phakathi, kepha kungagciniwe ku:

• ukuhamba
• ukudla
• ekhuluma
• ukubhala

Indawo yobuchopho bakho eqondisa ukunyakaza ibizwa ngokuthi yi-cerebellum. Itholakala ezansi kobuchopho bakho ngenhla nje kobuchopho.

Ukulimala - noma ukonakala - kwamaseli ezinzwa ngaphakathi noma ezungeze i-cerebellum kungaholela ku-ataxia. Izakhi zofuzo ozithola njengefa kubazali bakho zingadala ne-ataxia.

I-Ataxia ingathinta abantu banoma yimuphi ubudala. Kuvame ukuthuthuka, okusho ukuthi izimpawu ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinga lokuqhubeka lingahluka ngakunye nangohlobo lwe-ataxia.

I-Ataxia ayivamile. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ku-150,000 kuphela e-United States abanayo.

Izinhlobo nezimbangela

I-Ataxia ingaba:

• kuzuzwe njengefa
• kutholakele
• idiopathic

Ngezansi, sizohlola uhlobo ngalunye lwe-ataxia ngokuningiliziwe nokuthi lubangelwa yini.

I-ataxia eyifa

Ama-ataxias azuzwe njengefa akhula ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile ozithola njengefa kubazali bakho. Lokhu kuguquka kungaholela ekulimaleni noma ekuwohlokeni kwezicubu zemizwa, okuholela ezimpawu ze-ataxia.

I-ataxia ezuzwe njengefa ngokuvamile idluliselwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukile:

1. Okubalulekile. Ikhophi eyodwa kuphela yesakhi sofuzo esiguqukile esidingekayo ukuba nalesi simo. Lesi sakhi sofuzo singazuzwa kumzali ngamunye.
2. Okweqile. Amakhophi amabili wesakhi sofuzo esiguqukile (esisodwa esivela kumzali ngamunye) kudingeka ukuba abe nalesi simo.

Ezinye izibonelo zama-ataxias azuzwe njengefa yilezi:

• I-Spinocerebellar ataxia. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-spinocerebellar ataxia. Uhlobo ngalunye luhlukaniswa ngendawo ethile yofuzo olushintshiwe. Izimpawu kanye nobudala lapho izimpawu zikhula khona zingahluka ngohlobo lwe-ataxia.
• I-episodic ataxia. Lolu hlobo lwe-ataxia aluthuthuki futhi kunalokho lwenzeka eziqeshini. Kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezihlukile ze-ataxia ye-episodic. Izimpawu nobude beziqephu ze-ataxia zingahluka ngohlobo.

Ama-ataxias azuzwe njengefa angafaka:

• I-ataxia kaFriedreich. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-spinocerebellar degeneration, i-ataxia ka-Friedreich yi-ataxia ezuzwe njengefa. Ngaphezu kobunzima bokuhamba nokukhuluma, ukuncipha kwemisipha nakho kungenzeka. Lolu hlobo lwe-ataxia lungathinta nenhliziyo.
• I-Ataxia telangiectasia. Abantu abane-ataxia telangiectasia bavame ukuba nemithambo yegazi evulekile emehlweni nasebusweni. Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-ataxia, abantu abanale ataxia bathambekele kakhulu ekungenweni yizifo kanye nomdlavuza.

I-ataxia etholakalayo

I-ataxia etholakalayo yenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo wezinzwa ovela ezintweni zangaphandle, njengokulimala, ngokungafani nezakhi zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa.

Ezinye izibonelo zezinto ezingaholela ku-ataxia etholakalayo zifaka:

• ukulimala ekhanda
• unhlangothi
• izimila ezithinta ubuchopho nendawo ezungezile
• ukutheleleka, njenge-meningitis, i-HIV kanye nenkukhu
• ukukhubazeka kobuchopho
• izimo ezizimele, njenge-multiple sclerosis kanye ne-paraneoplastic syndromes
• i-thyroid engasebenzi (i-hypothyroidism)
• ukushoda kwamavithamini, kufaka phakathi uvithamini B-12, uvithamini E, noma i-thiamine
• ukusabela emithini ethile, njenge-barbiturates, sedatives, kanye ne-chemotherapy drug
• ubuthi kusuka kuzinsimbi ezisindayo, njenge-lead noma i-mercury, noma izincibilikisi, njengopende omncane
• ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala isikhathi eside

Idiopathic

Kwesinye isikhathi azikho izimbangela ezithile ze-ataxia ezingatholwa. Kulaba bantu, i-ataxia ibizwa ngokuthi yi-idiopathic.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-ataxia?

Ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-ataxia zingabandakanya:

• izinkinga ngokuxhumanisa nokulinganisela, okungafaka ukungabi namandla, ukungazinzi, nokuwa kaningi
• inkathazo ngemisebenzi emihle yemoto, efana nokubhala, ukucosha izinto ezincane, noma ukufaka izinkinobho zokugqoka
• inkulumo engacacile noma engacacile
• ukuthuthumela noma ukuqubuka kwemisipha
• ubunzima ngokudla noma ukugwinya
• ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungajwayelekile, njengokuhamba kancane kwamehlo kunokujwayelekile noma i-nystagmus, uhlobo lokunyakaza kwamehlo okungazibandakanyi

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izimpawu ze-ataxia zingahluka ngohlobo lwe-ataxia kanye nobukhali bayo.

Kutholakala kanjani?

Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzoqala acele umlando wakho wezokwelapha. Bazokubuza ukuthi ngabe unomlando womndeni we-ataxia oyifa.

Bangase futhi babuze ngemithi oyiphuzayo nezinga lokuphuza kwakho utshwala. Bese bezokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba nangokwemizwa.

Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi ahlole izinto ezifana nezakho:

• ukuxhumanisa
• ibhalansi
• ukunyakaza
• ingqondo
• amandla emisipha
• inkumbulo nokuhlushwa
• umbono
• ukuzwa

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo naye angacela ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa. Ukuskena kwe-CT noma kwe-MRI kungakha izithombe eziningiliziwe zobuchopho bakho. Lokhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi abone noma ikuphi ukungajwayelekile noma izicubu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasetshenziswa ukuthola imbangela ye-ataxia yakho, ikakhulukazi uma kungenxa yokutheleleka, ukushoda kwamavithamini, noma i-hypothyroidism.
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar (umpompi womgogodla) Ngokubhoboza i-lumbar, isampula ye-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) iqoqwa kusuka phakathi kwama-vertebrae amabili emhlane ongezansi. Isampula bese lithunyelwa ebhodini ukuze lihlolwe.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kuyatholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zama-ataxias azuzwe njengefa. Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lusebenzisa isampula yegazi ukubona ukuthi unezinguquko zofuzo ezihambisana ne-ataxia oyizuze njengefa.

Uphathwa kanjani i-ataxia?

Ukwelashwa okuqondile kuzoya ngohlobo lwe-ataxia nokuthi lukhulu kangakanani. Kwezinye izimo ze-ataxia etholakele, ukwelapha imbangela eyimbangela, njengokutheleleka noma ukushoda ngamavithamini, kunganciphisa izimpawu.

Alikho ikhambi lezinhlobo eziningi ze-ataxia. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukungenelela okuningana okungasiza ukunciphisa noma ukuphatha izimpawu zakho nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Imithi. Eminye imithi ingasiza ekwelapheni izimpawu ezenzeka nge-ataxia. Izibonelo zifaka:
  • i-amitriptyline noma i-gabapentin yezinhlungu zezinzwa
  • izidambisi zemisipha zokuqina noma ukuqina
  • imishanguzo yokudambisa ukucindezeleka.
• Amadivayisi okusiza. Izinsiza ezisizayo zingafaka izinto ezifana nezihlalo ezinamasondo nabahamba ngezinyawo ukusiza ngokuhamba. Izinsiza zokuxhumana zingasiza ngokukhuluma.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kungakusiza ngokuhamba nangebhalansi. Kungakusiza futhi ukuthi ugcine amandla emisipha nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
• Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo. Ngalolu hlobo lwezokwelapha, umelaphi wezinkulumo uzokufundisa amasu okusiza ukwenza inkulumo yakho icace.
• Ukwelashwa emsebenzini. Ukwelashwa emsebenzini kukufundisa amasu ahlukahlukene ongawasebenzisa ukwenza kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Okubalulekile

I-Ataxia ukuntuleka kokuhlangana kwemisipha nokulawula. Abantu abane-ataxia banenkinga ngezinto ezifana nokunyakaza, imisebenzi emihle yezimoto, nokugcina ibhalansi.

I-Ataxia ingazuzwa njengefa noma itholwe, noma ayinakuba nesizathu esikhomba. Izimpawu, ukuqhubekela phambili, kanye nobudala bokuqala kungahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-ataxia.

Kwesinye isikhathi ukwelapha imbangela eyisisekelo kunganciphisa izimpawu ze-ataxia. Imithi, amadivayisi okusiza, kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba ezinye izinketho ezingasiza ukuphatha izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo.

Bona umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unezimpawu ezifana nokulahleka kokuxhumanisa, ukukhuluma okungahambi kahle, noma inkinga yokugwinya okungenakuchazwa ngesinye isimo.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzosebenza nawe ukuxilonga isimo sakho bese enza uhlelo lokwelashwa.