Uqala Nini I-Atherosclerosis?

-Delile

• Kubangelwa yini?
• Ziyini izingozi?
• Uhlolwa kanjani?
• Ingabe kungalashwa?
• Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezingasiza?
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ukudla

Kuyini i-atherosclerosis?

Iningi labantu aliziboni izinkinga ezisongela impilo zokuba ne-atherosclerosis - ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi - lize lifinyelele eminyakeni yobudala obuphakathi. Kodwa-ke, izigaba zokuqala empeleni zingaqala ngesikhathi sobuntwana.

Lesi sifo sivame ukuqhubekela phambili futhi siba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uqwembe, olwenziwa ngamangqamuzana anamafutha (i-cholesterol), i-calcium, neminye imfucuza, lwakha umthambo omkhulu. Umthambo uba mncane ngokwengeziwe, okusho ukuthi igazi alikwazi ukufika ezindaweni okumele lifinyelele kuzo.

Kukhona futhi ingozi enkulu yokuthi uma iqabunga legazi liphuma kwenye indawo emzimbeni, lingabambeka emthanjeni omncane futhi linqamule ukunikezwa kwegazi ngokuphelele, kubangele isifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.

Kubangelwa yini?

I-atherosclerosis yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile siqala ekuqaleni kwempilo futhi siqhubeka njengoba abantu bekhula. bathole ukuthi izingane ezineminyaka esukela kwengu-10 kuya kwengu-14 zingabonisa izigaba zokuqala ze-atherosclerosis.

Kwabanye abantu, lesi sifo sithuthuka ngokushesha kuma-20s abo kanye nama-30s, kanti abanye kungenzeka bangabi nezinkinga kuze kube yi-50s yabo noma i-60s yabo.

Abaphenyi abaqiniseki kahle ukuthi iqala kanjani noma ngani. Kukholakala ukuthi uqweqwe luqala ukwakheka emithanjeni ngemuva kokulimala kolwelwesi. Abafaka isandla kakhulu kulo monakalo yi-cholesterol ephezulu, umfutho wegazi ophakeme nokubhema ugwayi.

Ziyini izingozi?

Imithambo yakho yegazi ihambisa igazi elinomoya-mpilo ezithweni ezibalulekile njengenhliziyo yakho, ubuchopho, nezinso. Uma indlela ivinjelwa, lezi zingxenye zomzimba wakho azikwazi ukusebenza ngendlela okufanele zisebenze ngayo. Ukuthi umzimba wakho uthinteka kanjani kuncike ekutheni yimiphi imithambo yegazi evinjiwe.

Lezi yizifo ezihlobene ne-atherosclerosis:

• Isifo senhliziyo. Lapho uqweqwe lukhula emithanjeni yakho yenhliziyo (izitsha ezinkulu ezihambisa igazi liye enhliziyweni yakho), usengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
• Isifo semithambo yeCarotid. Lapho uqweqwe lukhula emikhunjini emikhulu ohlangothini ngalunye lwentamo yakho (imithambo ye-carotid) ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni bakho, usengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sohlangothi.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi. Lapho uqweqwe lukhula emithanjeni emikhulu ehambisa igazi ezandleni nasezinyaweni, kungadala ubuhlungu nokuba ndikindiki futhi kungaholela ezifweni ezimbi.
• Isifo sezinso. Lapho uqweqwe lukhula emithanjeni emikhulu ehambisa igazi ezinso, izinso zakho azikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Lapho zingasebenzi kahle, azikwazi ukususa imfucuza emzimbeni wakho, okuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.

Uhlolwa kanjani?

Uma unezimpawu, njenge-pulse ebuthakathaka eduze komthambo omkhulu, umfutho wegazi ophansi eduze kwengalo noma umlenze, noma izimpawu ze-aneurysm, udokotela wakho angazibona ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba okujwayelekile. Imiphumela evela ekuhlolweni kwegazi ingamtshela udokotela uma une-cholesterol ephezulu.

Okunye, izivivinyo ezithintekayo zifaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa. I-ultrasound, i-computerised tomography (CT) scan, noma i-magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) ivumela odokotela ukuthi babone ngaphakathi kwemithambo futhi basho ukuthi izivimbelo zinzima kangakanani.
• Inkomba ye-Ankle-brachial. Umfutho wegazi emaqakaleni akho uqhathaniswa nengalo yakho. Uma kukhona umehluko ongajwayelekile, singakhomba isifo semithambo eseceleni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi. Odokotela bangabheka inhliziyo yakho nokuphefumula kwakho ngenkathi wenza umsebenzi womzimba, njengokugibela ibhayisikili elimile noma ukuhamba ngesivinini esitayeleni. Njengoba ukuzivocavoca kwenza inhliziyo yakho isebenze kanzima, kungasiza odokotela ukuthola inkinga.

Ingabe kungalashwa?

Uma isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi sesiqhubekele phambili ngaphezudlwana kwezinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezinganciphisa, kunemithi kanye nezindlela zokuhlinza ezitholakalayo. Lezi zenzelwe ukuvikela ukuthi lesi sifo singabi sibi kakhulu nokwandisa ukunethezeka kwakho, ikakhulukazi uma unezinhlungu esifubeni noma emlenzeni njengophawu.

Imithi imbandakanya imishanguzo yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• izimiso
• beta-blocker
• ama-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
• ama-antiplatelets
• abavimba isiteshi se-calcium

Ukuhlinzwa kubhekwa njengokwelashwa okunolaka kakhulu futhi kwenziwa uma ukuvinjelwa kusongela impilo. Udokotela ohlinzayo angangena futhi asuse uqwembe emthanjeni noma aqondise kabusha ukugeleza kwegazi nxazonke komthambo ovinjiwe.

Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezingasiza?

Izinguquko zokudla okunempilo, ukuyeka ukubhema, nokuzivocavoca umzimba zingaba yizikhali ezinamandla zokulwa nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, okuyizimbangela ezinkulu ze-atherosclerosis.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Ukuvivinya umzimba kukusiza wehlise isisindo somzimba, ugcine umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile, futhi kukhuphule amazinga akho “e-cholesterol enhle” (HDL). Hlela imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60 ngosuku lwe-cardio elinganiselayo.

Ukudla

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo ngokudla imicu eminingi. Ungayifinyelela le nhloso, ngokwengxenye, ngokufaka izinkwa ezimhlophe nama-pastas ngokudla okwenziwe okusanhlamvu okuphelele.
• Yidla izithelo nemifino eningi kanye namafutha enempilo. Amafutha omnqumo, ukwatapheya, namantongomane konke kunamafutha angeke akhulise "i-cholesterol yakho embi" (i-LDL).
• Nciphisa ukudla kwakho i-cholesterol ngokunciphisa inani lokudla okuphezulu kwe-cholesterol oyidlayo, njengoshizi, ubisi lonke, namaqanda. Futhi gwema amafutha we-trans futhi ubeke umkhawulo emafutheni agcwele (ikakhulukazi atholakala ekudleni okusetshenzisiwe), njengoba womabili enza umzimba wakho ukhiqize i-cholesterol eningi.
• Nciphisa ukudla kwakho i-sodium, ngoba lokhu kunegalelo ekuphakameni komfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Nciphisa i- ukuphuza utshwala. Ukuphuza utshwala njalo kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi lakho futhi kube nomthelela ekuzuzeni isisindo (utshwala bunama-calories amaningi).

Le mikhuba ingcono kakhulu ukuqala usencane empilweni, kodwa inenzuzo noma ngabe uneminyaka emingaki.