Ukubambezeleka kwentuthuko: kuyini, izimbangela nokuthi kungakhuthazeka kanjani

-Delile

• Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona zokubambezeleka kwentuthuko
• Ungayikhuthaza kanjani intuthuko
• Ukuzivocavoca okusiza ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwengane

Ukubambezeleka kokuthuthuka kwe-neuropsychomotor kwenzeka lapho ingane ingaqali ukuhlala, ukukhasa, ukuhamba noma ukukhuluma esigabeni esinqunyelwe kusengaphambili, njengezinye izingane ezineminyaka efanayo. Leli gama lisetshenziswa ngudokotela wezingane, i-physiotherapist, i-psychomotricist noma i-Occupational Therapist lapho kutholwa ukuthi ingane ayikafiki kumingcele ethile yentuthuko elindelwe esigabeni ngasinye.

Noma iyiphi ingane ingathola uhlobo oluthile lokulibaziseka kokukhula, noma ngabe owesifazane ekhulelwe okunempilo, ezalwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga, futhi ingane ngokusobala iphilile. Kodwa-ke, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi lokhu kubambezeleka kokukhula kuthinta izingane eziye zaba nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, sokubeletha noma ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko

Ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu ezingakhombisa ukuthi kukhona ukulibaziseka kwentuthuko okungenzeka yilezi:

• Hypotonia: imisipha ebuthakathaka nokuma okuwohlokayo;
• Kunzima ukubamba ikhanda ezinyangeni ezi-3;
• Akakwazi ukuhlala yedwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha;
• Ungaqali ukukhasa ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyi-9;
• Ungahambi wedwa ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-15;
• Ukungakwazi ukudla wedwa ezinyangeni eziyi-18;
• Ungakhulumi ngaphezu kwamagama ama-2 ukwakha umusho ezinyangeni ezingama-28;
• Ungalawuli i-pee kanye ne-poop ngokuphelele ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5.

Lapho ingane ingakafiki isikhathi, kufanele kubalwe "iminyaka elungisiwe" kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2 yokwenza ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhudlwana kwalezi zigigaba zokukhula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, kuze kube yiminyaka engu-2, ukubala iminyaka lapho ukukhula okunikeziwe kufanele kwenzeke khona, umuntu kufanele abheke isikhathi lapho ingane ingaba namasonto angama-40 ikhulelwe, esikhundleni sosuku langempela lokudiliva. Ngakho-ke, kungokwemvelo ukuba izigaba zokukhula zenzeke kamuva enganeni engakazalwa ngaphambi kwengane ephelele.

Ngokwesibonelo: ingane ezalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi emavikini angama-30 ingaphansi kwamasonto ayi-10 kunaleyo ejwayelekile engama-40. Ngakho-ke, ngombuzo wokuhlola ukukhula kwalo mntwana, kufanele njalo ungeze amasonto ayi-10 osukwini olulinganiselwa ibanga ngalinye lentuthuko. Okusho ukuthi, uma uzama ukuhlola isikhathi lapho kufanele ubambe ikhanda lakho wedwa, okungukuthi, cishe izinyanga ezintathu, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi kule ngane ingqophamlando izokwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-3 namasonto ayishumi.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona zokubambezeleka kwentuthuko

Ukubambezeleka kokuthuthuka kwe-neuropsychomotor kungadalwa ngenxa yezinguquko okungenzeka zenzekile:

• Esenzweni sokukhulelwa;
• Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukungondleki, izifo ezifana ne-rubella, ukuhlukumezeka;
• Ngesikhathi sokulethwa;
• Izinguquko zofuzo ezifana ne-Down's Syndrome;
• Ngemuva kokuzalwa, njengokugula, ukuhlukumezeka, ukungondleki, ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda;
• Ezinye izici zemvelo noma zokuziphatha, njengokungondleki.

Ingane ezalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi iba sengozini enkulu yokubambezeleka kokukhula, futhi lapho izalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, iba nkulu lengozi.

Izingane ezitholwe zine-cerebral palsy zisengozini enkulu yokubambezeleka kokuthuthuka, kepha hhayi zonke izingane ezinokulibaziseka kokukhula ezine-cerebral palsy.

Ungayikhuthaza kanjani intuthuko

Ingane enokulibaziseka kokukhula kufanele ibhekane ne-physiotherapy, psychomotricity kanye nezikhathi zokwelashwa emsebenzini masonto onke ize ifinyelele ezinhlosweni ezingahle zihlale, zihambe, zidle zodwa, zikwazi ukugcina inhlanzeko yazo. Ngesikhathi sokubonisana, izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene zenziwa, ngendlela yokudlala, ukusiza ukuqinisa imisipha, ukuma okulungile, ukuvuselela umbono, nokwelapha ukucabanga nokuvimba, ngaphezu kwezinkontileka nokukhubazeka.

Ukuzivocavoca okusiza ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwengane

Bheka ividiyo engezansi ukuthola ezinye izivivinyo ezingashukumisa ingane:

Lokhu ukwelashwa okuthatha isikhathi okufanele kuhlale izinyanga noma iminyaka kuze kube yilapho ingane ifinyelela imingcele engayithuthukisa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-syndromes ezakhi zofuzo anezici zawo, nokuthi ingane ene-cerebral palsy kungenzeka ingakwazi ukuhamba yodwa, yingakho ukuhlolwa ngakunye kufanele kube komuntu ngamunye, ukuze akwazi ukuhlola ukuthi yini ingane enayo nokuthi ikhula kanjani okusemandleni futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuchaze imigomo yokwelashwa.

Ngokushesha lapho ingane iqala ukwelashwa, imiphumela izothuthuka futhi isheshe, ikakhulukazi lapho ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngaphambi konyaka wokuqala wokuphila.