Umlobi: Judy Howell
Usuku Lokudalwa: 4 Ujulayi 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 15 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Treat HIV and AIDs in Adults - Overview
Ividiyo: Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Treat HIV and AIDs in Adults - Overview

-Delile

Kuyini i-Atripla?

I-Atripla ngumuthi wegama lomkhiqizo osetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV kubantu abadala nasezinganeni. Inqunyelwe abantu abanesisindo okungenani esingamakhilogremu angama-88 (ama-40 kilograms).

I-Atripla ingasetshenziswa yodwa njengendlela yokwelashwa ephelele (uhlelo). Ingasetshenziswa futhi ngokuhlangana nezinye izidakamizwa. Kuza njengethebulethi elilodwa eliqukethe izidakamizwa ezintathu:

  • i-efavirenz (600 mg), eyi-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
  • i-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300 mg), eyi-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
  • i-emtricitabine (200 mg), nayo eyi-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

Imihlahlandlela yamanje ayincomi i-Atripla njengokhetho lokuqala ukwelashwa kubantu abaningi abane-HIV. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha ezingaphepha noma zisebenze kangcono kubantu abaningi. Noma kunjalo, i-Atripla ingahle ifaneleke kwabanye abantu. Udokotela wakho uzokuthathela isinqumo sokwelapha okungcono kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Atripla ayivunyelwe ukuvimbela i-HIV.


I-Atripla ejwayelekile

I-Atripla itholakala kuphela njengomuthi wegama lomkhiqizo. Okwamanje ayitholakali ngendlela ejwayelekile.

I-Atripla iqukethe izithako zomuthi ezintathu ezisebenzayo: i-efavirenz, emtricitabine, ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Ngayinye yale mithi itholakala ngawodwa ngamafomu ejwayelekile. Kungaba khona futhi nezinye izinhlanganisela zale mithi etholakala njengemithi yokwenziwa.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Atripla

I-Atripla ingadala imiphumela emibi noma emibi. Uhlu olulandelayo luqukethe eminye yemiphumela emibi engase ivele ngenkathi uthatha i-Atripla. Lolu hlu alufaki yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Ngeminye imininingwane ngemiphumela engemihle ye-Atripla, noma amathiphu wokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nemiphumela emibi ekhathazayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-Atripla ingafaka:

  • isifo sohudo
  • isicanucanu
  • ikhanda
  • amandla aphansi
  • amaphupho angajwayelekile
  • unenkinga yokugxila
  • isiyezi
  • inkathazo yokulala
  • ukudana
  • ukuqubuka noma isikhumba esilumayo
  • ukwanda kwe-cholesterol

Iningi lemiphumela emibi kulolu hlu yimiphumela emincane emvelweni. Uma zinzima kakhulu noma zenza kube nzima ukuqhubeka uthatha imishanguzo yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.


Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Imiphumela emibi ebucayi evela ku-Atripla ayijwayelekile, kodwa ingenzeka. Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Shayela ku-911 uma izimpawu zakho zizizwa zisongela impilo noma uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha.

Imiphumela emibi kanye nezimpawu zayo zingafaka okulandelayo:

  • Ukwanda kakhulu kwe-hepatitis B (HBV). Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • ukukhathala
    • umchamo onombala omnyama
    • ubuhlungu bomzimba nobuthakathaka
    • ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho nokumhlophe kwamehlo akho
  • I-Rash. Lo mphumela oseceleni uvame ukwenzeka kungakapheli amasonto amabili uqale i-Atripla futhi uhambe ngokwawo kungakapheli inyanga. Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • isikhumba esibomvu, esilumayo
    • uhlevane esikhunjeni
  • Ukulimala kwesibindi. Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho nokumhlophe kwamehlo akho
    • ubuhlungu endaweni engenhla kwesokudla sesisu sakho (indawo yesisu)
    • isicanucanu nokuhlanza
  • Ukushintsha kwemizwelo. Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • ukudana
    • imicabango yokuzibulala
    • isimilo esinolaka
    • ukusabela okuphambene namandla
  • Izinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa. Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • ukusangana
  • Ukulimala kwezinso. Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • ubuhlungu bamathambo
    • ubuhlungu ezingalweni noma emilenzeni
    • ukuphuka kwamathambo
    • ubuhlungu bemisipha noma ubuthakathaka
  • Ukulahleka kwamathambo. Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • ubuhlungu bamathambo
    • ubuhlungu ezingalweni noma emilenzeni
    • ukuphuka kwamathambo
  • Ukudlikizela. Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
    • ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha
    • amazinyo ahlanganisiwe
  • Ukwakhiwa kwe-lactic acid kanye nokulimala kwesibindi. Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • ukukhathala
    • ubuhlungu bemisipha nobuthakathaka
    • ubuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle esiswini sakho (esiswini)
  • I-immune reconstitution syndrome (lapho amasosha omzimba ethuthuka ngokushesha futhi eqala "ukusebenza ngokweqile"). Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • imfiva
    • ukukhathala
    • ukutheleleka
    • ama-lymph node avuvukile
    • ukuqubuka noma isilonda sesikhumba
    • inkinga yokuphefumula
    • ukuvuvukala ngamehlo akho
  • Izinguquko ekubekweni kwamafutha nokwakheka komzimba. Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • amafutha akhuphukile azungeze phakathi (isibilini)
    • ukuthuthukiswa kwesigaxa esinamafutha ngemuva kwamahlombe akho
    • amabele akhulisiwe (kwabesilisa nabesifazane)
    • ukuncipha emzimbeni, izingalo nemilenze

Ukuzuza kwesisindo

Ukuzuza kwesisindo kwakungewona umphumela ohlangothini owenzekile ezifundweni zokwelashwa ze-Atripla. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kukonke kungadala ukuzuza kwesisindo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-HIV ingadala ukwehla kwesisindo, ngakho-ke ukwelapha isimo kungadala ukubuya kwesisindo esithile ebesilahlekile.


Abantu abathatha i-Atripla bangaqaphela ukuthi amanoni abo omzimba ashintshele ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wabo. Lokhu kubizwa nge-lipodystrophy. Amafutha omzimba angahlangana abheke maphakathi nomzimba wakho, njengasesinqeni sakho, emabeleni nasentanyeni. Kungabuye isuke ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.

Akwaziwa ukuthi le miphumela iyahamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma uma inyamalala ngemuva kokuyeka ukusebenzisa i-Atripla. Uma uhlangabezana nale miphumela, tshela udokotela wakho. Bangakushintshela kumuthi ohlukile.

I-Pancreatitis

Akuvamile, kepha i-pancreatitis (amanyikwe avuvukele) ibonakele kubantu abathatha izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-efavirenz. I-Efavirenz ingenye yezidakamizwa ezintathu eziqukethwe e-Atripla.

Amazinga akhuphukile ama-enzyme e-pancreatic abonakele kwabanye abantu abathatha i-efavirenz, kodwa akwaziwa ukuthi lokhu bekuxhunyaniswe ne-pancreatitis.

Tshela udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezikhona zepancreatitis. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubuhlungu besifuba sakho, isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, nesisu esithambile noma esivuvukele. Udokotela wakho angakushintshela emithini ehlukile.

Qaphela: I-Pancreatitis iye yaphawulwa kaningi ngokusetshenziswa kweminye imishanguzo ye-HIV efana ne-didanosine.

Imiphumela emibi ezinganeni

Ezifundweni zokwelashwa ze-Atripla, imiphumela emibi eminingi ezinganeni yayifana naleyo yabantu abadala. URash wayengomunye wemiphumela emibi eyenzeka kaningi ezinganeni.

Ukuqhuma kwenzeke ezinganeni ezingama-32%, kuyilapho kuphela abantu abadala abangama-26% bathole ukuqubuka. Ukuqhuma ezinganeni kuvame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezingama-28 ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-Atripla. Ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwengane yakho, udokotela wabo angase asikisele ukusebenzisa imishanguzo yokungezwani komzimba njengama-antihistamine ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa kwe-Atripla.

Eminye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ebonwa ezinganeni kepha hhayi kubantu abadala ifaka ushintsho kumbala wesikhumba, njengamabala noma isikhumba esimnyama. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu ezintendeni zezandla noma ematheni ezinyawo. Imiphumela emibi ifaka ne-anemia, enezimpawu ezinjengamazinga aphansi wamandla, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, nezandla nezinyawo ezibandayo.

I-Rash

I-Rash ingumphumela ojwayelekile kakhulu wokwelashwa kwe-Atripla.

Ekuvivinyweni komtholampilo, ukuqubuka kwenzeke kubantu abadala abangama-26% abathole i-efavirenz, esinye sezidakamizwa e-Atripla. Kuke kwaba nemibiko yokuqubuka okukhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwe-efavirenz, kodwa kwenzeke kuphela kubantu abangu-0.1% abafundile. Ukuqhuma okubangele amabhamuza noma amanxeba avulekile kwenzeke kubantu ababalelwa ku-0.9%.

Iningi lamaqubu abonwe nge-efavirenz ayemnene ukuya kokulingene, enezindawo ezibomvu nezimagqabhagqabha kanye nezinye izigaxa esikhunjeni. Lolu hlobo lokuqubuka lubizwa ngokuthi ukuqubuka kwe-maculopapular. Lokhu kuqubuka kuvame ukuvela kungakapheli amasonto amabili ukuqala kokwelashwa kwe-efavirenz futhi kwahamba kungakapheli nenyanga ivele.

Tshela udokotela wakho uma uba nokuqubuka ngenkathi uthatha i-Atripla. Uma uba namabhamuza noma umkhuhlane, yeka ukuthatha i-Atripla bese ushayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho angakunika izidakamizwa zokwelapha ukusabela. Uma ukuqhuma kunzima, bangakushintshela kumuthi ohlukile.

Qaphela: Lapho umuntu eqala ukuthola i-HIV, ukuqubuka kungaba uphawu lokuqala. Lokhu kuqhuma kuhlala amasonto amabili kuya kwamane. Kodwa uma une-HIV isikhashana futhi usanda kuqala ukwelashwa nge-Atripla, ukuqubuka okusha kungenzeka kakhulu kungenxa ye-Atripla.

Ukucindezeleka

Ukudangala kwakuwumphumela ohlangothini ovamile ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa zase-Atripla. Kwenzeke kubantu abangu-9% abathatha lesi sidakamizwa.

Tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezimpawu zokucindezeleka. Lokhu kungafaka imizwa yokudabuka, ukungabi nathemba, nokuphelelwa yintshisekelo emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Udokotela wakho angakushintshela emithini ehlukile ye-HIV. Bangancoma nokwelashwa kwezimpawu zakho zokudangala.

Ukuvimbela ukuzibulala

  • Uma wazi othile osengozini ngokushesha yokuzilimaza, ukuzibulala noma ukulimaza omunye umuntu:
  • Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo.
  • Hlala nalo muntu kuze kufike usizo lochwepheshe.
  • Susa noma yiziphi izikhali, imithi, noma ezinye izinto ezingaba yingozi.
  • Lalela umuntu ngaphandle kokwahlulela.
  • Uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo enemicabango yokuzibulala, ucingo lwenombolo yokuvimbela lungasiza. INational Suicide Prevention Lifeline itholakala amahora angama-24 ngosuku ku-800-273-8255.

Izindleko ze-Atripla

Njengayo yonke imithi, izindleko ze-Atripla zingahluka.

Izindleko zakho zangempela zizoxhomeka kumshuwalense wakho.

Usizo lwezezimali nolomshuwalense

Uma udinga ukwesekwa kwezezimali ukukhokhela i-Atripla, noma uma udinga usizo lokuqonda umshuwalense wakho, usizo luyatholakala.

IGilead Sciences, Inc., umkhiqizi we-Atripla, unikela ngohlelo olubizwa nge-Advancing Access. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane nokuthola ukuthi ukulungele yini ukwesekwa, shayela ku-800-226-2056 noma uvakashele iwebhusayithi yohlelo.

I-Atripla isebenzisa

Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa (i-FDA) kuvumela imishanguzo kadokotela efana ne-Atripla ukwelapha izimo ezithile. I-Atripla ivunyelwe kuphela ukwelapha i-HIV.

I-Atripla ye-HIV

I-Atripla ivunyelwe ukwelapha i-HIV kubantu abadala nasezinganeni ezinesisindo okungenani esingamakhilogremu angama-88 (40 kilograms). I-Atripla isetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe neminye imishanguzo ye-HIV.

Iningi lemithi emisha ye-HIV ivunyelwe abantu abangakaze bathathe imishanguzo ye-HIV noma abazinzile kolunye ukwelashwa kwe-HIV. I-Atripla ayinakho lokho kusetshenziswa okuvunyelwe okuthile.

Ukusetshenziswa okungavunyelwe

I-Atripla ayivunyelwe nganoma ikuphi okunye ukusetshenziswa. Kufanele isetshenziselwe kuphela ukwelapha i-HIV.

I-Atripla yesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B

I-Atripla ayivunyelwe i-hepatitis B futhi akufanele isetshenziselwe ukuyelapha. Kodwa-ke, esinye sezidakamizwa e-Atripla (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) sisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-hepatitis B.

I-Atripla ye-PEP

I-Atripla ayivunyelwe futhi akufanele isetshenziselwe i-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). I-PEP isho ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ye-HIV ngemuva kokuchayeka ku-HIV ukuvikela ukutheleleka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Atripla ayivunyelwe futhi akufanele isetshenziselwe i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). I-PrEP ibhekisa ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi ye-HIV ngaphambi kokuchayeka kwi-HIV ukuvikela ukutheleleka.

Umuthi okuyiwo kuphela ogunyazwe yi-FDA we-PrEP yiTruvada, equkethe i-emtricitabine ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Ngenkathi i-Atripla iqukethe yomibili le mithi, ayikaze ifundwe njengokwelapha okuvikela i-HIV.

I-Atripla yezingane

I-Atripla ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV kubantu banoma yimuphi unyaka inqobo nje uma isisindo sayo singamaphawundi okungenani angama-88 (40 kilograms). Lokhu kufaka nezingane.

Isilinganiso se-Atripla

Imininingwane elandelayo ichaza imithamo esetshenziswa kakhulu noma enconywayo. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthatha isilinganiso udokotela wakho akubekela sona.

Amafomu wezidakamizwa namandla

I-Atripla iza njengethebhulethi yomlomo. Ithebhulethi ngayinye iqukethe izidakamizwa ezintathu:

  • 600 mg we-efavirenz
  • 300 mg we-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • 200 mg we-emtricitabine

Isikali se-HIV

Ithebhulethi eyodwa ye-Atripla kufanele ithathwe kanye nsuku zonke esiswini esingenalutho (ngaphandle kokudla). Ezimweni eziningi, kufanele ithathwe ngesikhathi sokulala.

Umthamo wezingane

Umthamo we-Atripla wezingane uyefana nomthamo wabantu abadala. Umthamo awuguquki ngokuya ngeminyaka.

Kuthiwani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Uma uthatha i-Atripla futhi uphuthelwa umthamo, thatha umthamo olandelayo ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Uma cishe sekuyisikhathi sedosi yakho elandelayo, vele uthathe lelo nani elilandelayo.Akufanele uwuphindaphinde umthamo wakho ukuze wenzele umthamo ongabanjwanga.

Ngabe kuzodingeka ngisebenzise lesi sidakamizwa isikhathi eside?

Uma wena nodokotela wakho ninquma ukuthi i-Atripla iyindlela enhle yokwelashwa kini, kuzodingeka niyithathe isikhathi eside.

Uma usuqale ukwelashwa, ungayeki ukuthatha i-Atripla ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Ukunamathela kuhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa kwe-Atripla

Ukuthatha amaphilisi e-Atripla njengoba udokotela ekutshela kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuthatha i-Atripla njalo kuzokwandisa amathuba okuphumelela kokwelashwa.

Izilinganiso ezingekho zingathinta ukuthi i-Atripla isebenza kanjani ukwelapha i-HIV. Uma uphuthelwa amanani, ungaqala ukumelana ne-Atripla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuthi ngeke usasebenza ukwelapha i-HIV yakho.

Uma une-hepatitis B kanye ne-HIV, unenye ingozi. Imithamo elahlekile ye-Atripla ingadala ukuthi i-hepatitis B yakho ibe yimbi kakhulu.

Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalo kadokotela wakho bese uthatha i-Atripla kanye ngosuku, nsuku zonke, ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ngenye indlela. Ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lesikhumbuzo kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthatha i-Atripla nsuku zonke.

Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho kwe-Atripla, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangasiza ukuxazulula noma yiziphi izingqinamba ongahle ube nazo futhi basize ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Atripla ikusebenzela kahle.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Atripla

Ngaphezu kwe-Atripla, kuneminye imithi eminingi etholakalayo ekwelapha i-HIV. Ezinye zingakulungela kangcono kunabanye. Uma unentshisekelo yokuthola enye indlela kune-Atripla, khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngeminye imithi engakusebenzela kahle.

Eminye imithi yokuhlanganisa

Bonke abantu abane-HIV ngokuvamile badinga ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ngalesi sizathu, kunemithi eminingi ehlanganisiwe ye-HIV etholakalayo. Le mithi iqukethe izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. I-Atripla umuthi ohlangene oqukethe imishanguzo emithathu: i-emtricitabine, i-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ne-efavirenz.

Izibonelo zeminye inhlanganisela yemithi etholakalayo yokwelapha i-HIV zifaka:

  • IBiktarvy (bictegravir, emtricitabine, ne-tenofovir alafenamide)
  • IComplera (emtricitabine, rilpivirine, ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)
  • I-Descovy (emtricitabine ne-tenofovir alafenamide)
  • IGenvoya (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, ne-tenofovir alafenamide)
  • I-Juluca (i-dolutegravir ne-rilpivirine)
  • I-Odefsey (emtricitabine, rilpivirine, ne-tenofovir alafenamide)
  • I-Stribild (i-elvitegravir, i-cobicistat, i-emtricitabine, ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)
  • ISymtuza (darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, ne-tenofovir alafenamide)
  • I-Triumeq (abacavir, i-dolutegravir, ne-lamivudine)
  • ITruvada (emtricitabine kanye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)

Imithi ngayinye

Kumuntu ngamunye one-HIV, udokotela wakhe uzomklama uhlelo lokwelashwa ngokukhethekile. Lokhu kungaba isidakamizwa esihlanganisiwe, noma kungaba yizidakamizwa ezihlukene ngazinye.

Imithi eminingi etholakala iyinhlanganisela yemishanguzo ye-HIV itholakala yodwa. Udokotela wakho angakutshela kabanzi ngemithi engakusiza kakhulu.

I-Atripla vs. Genvoya

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi i-Atripla iqhathanisa kanjani neminye imithi enikezwe ukusetshenziswa okufanayo. Lapha, sibheka ukuthi u-Atripla noGenvoya bafana futhi bahlukile kanjani.

Isebenzisa

Bobabili u-Atripla noGenvoya bavunyelwe ukwelapha i-HIV. IGenvoya ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kubantu banoma yibuphi ubudala inqobo nje uma isisindo sayo singamaphawundi angama-55 (25 kilograms). I-Atripla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kubantu banoma yibuphi ubudala inqobo nje uma isisindo sayo singamaphawundi angama-88 (amakhilogremu angama-40).

Amafomu wezidakamizwa nokuphathwa

Kokubili i-Atripla neGenvoya ziza njengamaphilisi omlomo athathwa kanye nsuku zonke. UGenvoya kufanele athathwe nokudla, kuyilapho i-Atripla kufanele ithathwe ngaphandle kwesisu esingenalutho. Futhi ngenkathi uGenvoya engathathwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi emini, kunconywa ukuthi uthathe i-Atripla ngesikhathi sokulala ukusiza ukuvimbela imiphumela ethile emibi.

Ithebhulethi ngayinye ye-Atripla iqukethe izidakamizwa emtricitabine, efavirenz, ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Ithebhulethi ngayinye yakwaGenvoya iqukethe izidakamizwa emtricitabine, elvitegravir, cobicistat, ne-tenofovir alafenamide.

Imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi

I-Atripla neGenvoya zinemiphumela efanayo emzimbeni ngakho-ke zidala imiphumela emibi efanayo. Ngezansi kunezibonelo zale miphumela emibi.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Lezi zinhlu ziqukethe izibonelo zemiphumela emibi ejwayelekile engenzeka nge-Atripla, neGenvoya, noma ngazo zombili izidakamizwa (uma zithathwa ngazodwana).

  • Kungenzeka nge-Atripla:
    • ukudana
    • izifo eziphezulu zomgudu wokuphefumula
    • ukukhathazeka
    • Umphimbo obuhlungu
    • ukuhlanza
    • isiyezi
    • ukuqubuka
    • inkathazo yokulala
  • Kungenzeka ngeGenvoya:
    • amazinga akhuphukile we-cholesterol ye-LDL
  • Kungenzeka ngamabili i-Atripla neGenvoya:
    • isifo sohudo
    • isicanucanu
    • ikhanda
    • ukukhathala
    • kukhuphuke amazinga e-cholesterol ephelele

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Lezi zinhlu ziqukethe izibonelo zemiphumela emibi engaba khona ne-Atripla, neGenvoya, noma ngazo zombili izidakamizwa (uma zithathwa ngazodwana).

  • Kungenzeka nge-Atripla:
    • izinguquko zempilo yengqondo, njengokucindezelwa okukhulu noma isimilo esinolaka
    • ukudlikizela
    • izinguquko endaweni enamafutha emzimbeni wonke
  • Kungenzeka ngeGenvoya:
    • nemiphumela engemihle embalwa eyingqayizivele
  • Kungenzeka ngamabili i-Atripla neGenvoya:
    • ukulahleka kwamathambo
    • ukwanda kakhulu kwe-hepatitis B * (uma usunayo igciwane)
    • i-immune reconstitution syndrome (lapho amasosha omzimba ethuthuka ngokushesha futhi eqala “ukusebenza ngokweqile”)
    • ukulimala kwezinso * *
    • i-lactic acidosis (i-asidi eyingozi emzimbeni)
    • izifo ezinzima zesibindi (isibindi esikhulisiwe ne-steatosis)

Abakwa-Atripla noGenvoya bobabili banesixwayiso esibhokisi esivela ku-FDA maqondana nokuba sibi kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Isixwayiso esibhokisiwe yisixwayiso esiqine kakhulu esidingwa yi-FDA. Kwazisa odokotela neziguli ngemiphumela yezidakamizwa engaba yingozi.

* * ITenofovir, esinye sezidakamizwa eGenvoya nase-Atripla, sixhunyaniswe nokulimala kwezinso. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lwe-tenofovir eGenvoya (tenofovir alafenamide) lunengozi encane yokulimala kwezinso kunohlobo oluku-Atripla (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate).

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo

Le mithi ayikaze iqhathaniswe ngqo ezifundweni zomtholampilo, kepha izifundo zithole ukuthi i-Atripla neGenvoya zisebenza kahle ekwelapheni i-HIV.

Kodwa-ke, akukho muthi onconywayo njengokhetho lokuqala ukwelashwa kubantu abaningi abane-HIV. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Atripla noGenvoya bobabili bayizidakamizwa ezindala ze-HIV, futhi kunemithi emisha etholakalayo evame ukuba yizinketho ezingcono. Imishanguzo emisha ye-HIV ivame ukusebenza ngempumelelo futhi iba nemiphumela engemihle embalwa kunaleyo endala.

I-Atripla neGenvoya ingahle ifaneleke kwabanye abantu, kepha ngokujwayelekile, akuyona inketho yokuqala odokotela abangayincoma kubantu abaningi.

Izindleko

U-Atripla noGenvoya bobabili bangamagama emithi. Azitholakali ngamafomu ejwayelekile, ngokuvamile ashibhile kunemithi enegama lomkhiqizo.

Ngokuya ngokulinganiselwa ku-GoodRx.com, i-Atripla ingabiza kancane ngaphansi kukaGenvoya. Intengo yangempela ongayikhokhela noma yisiphi isidakamizwa incike ohlelweni lwakho lomshuwalense, indawo okuyo nasekhemisi oyisebenzisayo.

I-Atripla vs. nezinye izidakamizwa

Ngaphezu kukaGenvoya (ngenhla), kunikwe eminye imithi yokwelapha i-HIV. Ngezansi ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwe-Atripla neminye imithi ye-HIV.

I-Atripla vs. Truvada

I-Atripla ngumuthi ohlanganisiwe oqukethe izidakamizwa emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ne-efavirenz. I-Truvada nayo iyimithi ehlanganisiwe, futhi iqukethe imithi emibili efanayo e-Atripla: emtricitabine kanye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.

Isebenzisa

Kokubili i-Atripla neTruvada zivunyelwe ukwelashwa kwe-HIV. I-Atripla ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa yodwa, kepha iTruvada ivunyelwe kuphela ukusetshenziswa ne-dolutegravir (Tivicay) noma eminye imishanguzo ye-HIV.

I-Atripla ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kubantu banoma yimuphi ubudala inqobo nje uma isisindo sayo singamaphawundi okungenani angama-88 (40 kilograms). I-Truvada ivunyelwe ukwelapha i-HIV kubantu banoma yibuphi ubudala inqobo nje uma isisindo sayo singamaphawundi angama-37 (17 kilograms).

ITruvada nayo ivunyelwe ukuvimbela i-HIV. I-Atripla ivunyelwe kuphela ukwelapha i-HIV.

Amafomu wezidakamizwa nokuphathwa

Kokubili i-Atripla neTruvada ziza njengamaphilisi omlomo athathwa kanye nsuku zonke. I-Truvada ingathathwa nokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, kuyilapho i-Atripla kufanele idliwe esiswini esingenalutho. Futhi ngenkathi iTruvada ingathathwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi emini, kunconywa ukuthi uthathe i-Atripla ngesikhathi sokulala ukusiza ukuvimbela imiphumela ethile emibi.

Imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi

I-Atripla iqukethe izidakamizwa ezifanayo neTruvada, kanye ne-efavirenz. Ngakho-ke, banemiphumela emibi efanayo.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Lezi zinhlu ziqukethe izibonelo zemiphumela emibi ejwayelekile engenzeka nge-Atripla neTruvada (uma ithathwa ngawodwana). Qaphela: Imiphumela emibi yeTruvada ebalwe lapha ivela ocwaningweni lomtholampilo lapho iTruvada yathathwa khona nge-efavirenz.

  • Kungenzeka ngamabili i-Atripla neTruvada:
    • isifo sohudo
    • isicanucanu nokuhlanza
    • isiyezi
    • ikhanda
    • ukukhathala
    • inkathazo yokulala
    • Umphimbo obuhlungu
    • izifo zokuphefumula
    • amaphupho angajwayelekile
    • ukuqubuka
    • kukhuphuke amazinga e-cholesterol ephelele

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Lezi zinhlu ziqukethe izibonelo zemiphumela emibi engaba khona ne-Atripla noma ngazo zombili izidakamizwa (uma zithathwa ngazodwana). Qaphela: Imiphumela emibi yeTruvada ebalwe lapha ivela ocwaningweni lomtholampilo lapho iTruvada yathathwa khona nge-efavirenz.

  • Kungenzeka nge-Atripla:
    • ukudlikizela
    • izinguquko endaweni enamafutha emzimbeni wonke
  • Kungenzeka ngamabili i-Atripla neTruvada:
    • izinguquko zempilo yengqondo, njengokucindezelwa okukhulu noma isimilo esinolaka
    • ukwanda kakhulu kwe-hepatitis B * (uma usunayo igciwane)
    • i-immune reconstitution syndrome (lapho amasosha omzimba ethuthuka ngokushesha futhi eqala “ukusebenza ngokweqile”)
    • ukulahleka kwamathambo
    • ukulimala kwezinso * *
    • i-lactic acidosis (i-asidi eyingozi emzimbeni)
    • izifo ezinzima zesibindi (isibindi esikhulisiwe ne-steatosis)

* U-Atripla noTruvada bobabili banesixwayiso esibhokisi esivela ku-FDA maqondana nokuba sibi kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Isexwayiso esibhakeleni yisixwayiso esiqine kakhulu esidingwa yi-FDA. Kwazisa odokotela neziguli ngemiphumela yezidakamizwa engaba yingozi.

* * I-Tenofovir, esinye sezidakamizwa eTruvada nase-Atripla, sixhunyaniswe nokulimala kwezinso.

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo

Le mithi ayikaze iqhathaniswe ngqo ezifundweni zomtholampilo, kodwa izifundo zithole ukuthi i-Atripla neTruvada ziyasebenza ekwelapheni i-HIV.

Yize i-Atripla ingasebenza ekwelapheni i-HIV, akunconywa njengokhetho lokuqala lwe-HIV. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imishanguzo emisha ingayelapha i-HIV kodwa ingaba nemiphumela engemihle embalwa kune-Atripla.

I-Truvada esetshenziswe ngokuhlanganiswa ne-dolutegravir (Tivicay), noma kunjalo, inconywa njengokhetho lokuqala lokukhetha kubantu abaningi abane-HIV.

Izindleko

I-Atripla neTruvada yomibili imishanguzo enegama lomkhiqizo. Azitholakali ngamafomu ejwayelekile, ngokuvamile abiza kancane kunezidakamizwa ezinamagama.

Ngokuya ngokulinganiselwa ku-GoodRx.com, i-Atripla ingabiza kancane kuneTruvada. Intengo yangempela ongayikhokhela noma yisiphi isidakamizwa incike ohlelweni lwakho lomshuwalense, indawo okuyo nasekhemisi oyisebenzisayo.

I-Atripla vs. Complera

I-Atripla ngumuthi ohlangene oqukethe imtricitabine, i-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ne-efavirenz. IComplera nayo iyimithi ehlanganisiwe, futhi inezidakamizwa ezimbili ezifanayo ezise-Atripla: emtricitabine kanye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Isithako sayo sesithathu sezidakamizwa i-rilpivirine.

Isebenzisa

Kokubili i-Atripla neComplera kuvunyelwe ukwelashwa kwe-HIV.

I-Atripla ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kubantu banoma yimuphi ubudala inqobo nje uma isisindo sayo singamaphawundi okungenani angama-88 (40 kilograms). IComplera, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivunyelwe ukuthi isetshenziswe kubantu banoma yibuphi ubudala inqobo nje uma isisindo sayo singamakhilogremu angama-35.

I-Complera ijwayele ukusetshenziswa kuphela kubantu abanesisindo esiphansi segciwane ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. I-Atripla ayinaye lo mkhawulo.

Amafomu wezidakamizwa nokuphathwa

Kokubili i-Atripla neComplera kuza njengamaphilisi omlomo athathwa kanye nsuku zonke. I-Complera kufanele ithathwe ngokudla, kuyilapho i-Atripla kufanele ithathwe ngaphandle kwesisu esingenalutho.Futhi ngenkathi iComplera ingathathwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi emini, kunconywa ukuthi uthathe i-Atripla ngesikhathi sokulala ukusiza ukuvimbela imiphumela ethile emibi.

Imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi

I-Atripla neComplera ziqukethe izidakamizwa ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, banemiphumela emibi efanayo.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Lezi zinhlu ziqukethe izibonelo zemiphumela emibi ejwayelekile engenzeka nge-Atripla, ne-Complera, noma ngazo zombili izidakamizwa (uma zithathwa ngazodwana).

  • Kungenzeka nge-Atripla:
    • nemiphumela engemihle embalwa ejwayelekile
  • Kungenzeka ngeComplera:
    • nemiphumela engemihle embalwa ejwayelekile
  • Kungenzeka nge-Atripla neComplera:
    • isifo sohudo
    • isicanucanu nokuhlanza
    • isiyezi
    • ikhanda
    • ukukhathala
    • inkathazo yokulala
    • Umphimbo obuhlungu
    • izifo eziphezulu zomgudu wokuphefumula
    • amaphupho angajwayelekile
    • ukuqubuka
    • ukudana
    • ukukhathazeka
    • kukhuphuke amazinga e-cholesterol ephelele

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Lezi zinhlu ziqukethe izibonelo zemiphumela emibi engaba khona ne-Atripla, ne-Complera, noma ngazo zombili izidakamizwa (uma zithathwa ngazodwana).

  • Kungenzeka nge-Atripla:
    • ukudlikizela
    • izinguquko endaweni enamafutha emzimbeni wonke
  • Kungenzeka ngeComplera:
    • ukuvuvukala ku-gallbladder yakho
    • amatshe enyongo
  • Kungenzeka nge-Atripla neComplera:
    • izinguquko zempilo yengqondo, njengokucindezelwa okukhulu noma isimilo esinolaka
    • ukwanda kakhulu kwe-hepatitis B * (uma usunayo igciwane)
    • i-immune reconstitution syndrome (lapho amasosha omzimba ethuthuka ngokushesha futhi eqala “ukusebenza ngokweqile”)
    • ukulahleka kwamathambo
    • ukulimala kwezinso * *
    • i-lactic acidosis (i-asidi eyingozi emzimbeni)
    • izifo ezinzima zesibindi (isibindi esikhulisiwe ne-steatosis)

Abakwa-Atripla noComplera bobabili banesixwayiso esibhokisi esivela ku-FDA maqondana nokuba sibi kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Isixwayiso esibhokisiwe yisixwayiso esiqine kakhulu esidingwa yi-FDA. Kwazisa odokotela neziguli ngemiphumela yezidakamizwa engaba yingozi.

* * I-Tenofovir, esinye sezidakamizwa eComplera nase-Atripla, sixhunyaniswe nokulimala kwezinso.

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi etholakala e-Atripla (efavirenz, emtricitabine, ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) kuqhathaniswe ngqo nokusetshenziswa kweComplera esifundweni somtholampilo. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa ezimbili zitholakale zisebenza ngokulinganayo ekwelashweni nge-HIV.

Kubantu ababengakaze belashelwe i-HIV phambilini, bobabili iComplera kanye nenhlanganisela yezidakamizwa i-Atripla babe nempumelelo yokwelashwa ngama-77% ngeviki lama-96. Ukwelashwa kwakuthathwa njengempumelelo uma inani legciwane egazini lomuntu lalingaphansi kuka-50 ekupheleni kocwaningo.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abangu-8% abathathe inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa i-Atripla babengenayo inzuzo, kuyilapho u-14% wabantu abathatha iComplera babengenayo inzuzo. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi iComplera ingaba nokuhluleka kokwelashwa okuningi kunokuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa i-Atripla.

Akunconywa i-Atripla noma i-Complera njengokwelashwa kokukhetha kokuqala kubantu abaningi abane-HIV. Le mithi ingahle ifanele abanye abantu, kepha ngokujwayelekile, imithi emisha inconywa kaningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imishanguzo emisha, efana neBiktarvy noma iTriumeq, ingahle isebenze kangcono futhi ibe nemiphumela engemihle embalwa.

Izindleko

I-Atripla neComplera yizidakamizwa ezibizwa ngamagama. Okwamanje awekho amafomu ejwayelekile atholakala kunoma imuphi umuthi. Imithi enegama lomkhiqizo ivame ukubiza ngaphezu kwama-generic.

Ngokwezibalo ezivela ku-GoodRx.com, i-Atripla neComplera ngokuvamile kubiza ngokufana. Intengo yangempela ongayikhokhela noma yisiphi isidakamizwa incike ohlelweni lwakho lomshuwalense, indawo okuyo nasekhemisi oyisebenzisayo.

Ungayithatha kanjani i-Atripla

Kufanele uthathe i-Atripla ngokwemiyalo kadokotela wakho noma yomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Isikhathi

Kufanele uthathe i-Atripla ngasikhathi sinye nsuku zonke, okungcono ngesikhathi sokulala. Ukuyithatha ngesikhathi sokulala kungasiza ekunciphiseni eminye imiphumela emibi, njengenkinga yokugxila nesiyezi.

Ukuthatha i-Atripla esiswini esingenalutho

Kufanele uthathe i-Atripla esiswini esingenalutho (ngaphandle kokudla). Ukuthatha i-Atripla ngokudla kungakhuphula imiphumela yomuthi. Ukuba nemithi eminingi ohlelweni lwakho kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu.

Ngabe i-Atripla ingachotshozwa?

Ngokuvamile, akunconywa ukuhlukanisa, ukuchoboza, noma ukuhlafuna amaphilisi e-Atripla. Kufanele zigwinywe ziphelele.

Uma unenkinga yokugwinya amaphilisi ngokuphelele, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngeminye imithi engakusebenzela kangcono.

I-Atripla notshwala

Kungcono ukugwema ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-Atripla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhlanganisa utshwala ne-Atripla kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi eminingi evela emuthini. Lokhu kungafaka:

  • isiyezi
  • izinkinga zokulala
  • ukudideka
  • ukusangana
  • unenkinga yokugxila

Uma unenkinga yokugwema utshwala, yazisa udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwelashwa nge-Atripla. Bangaphakamisa umuthi ohlukile.

Ukusebenzisana kwe-Atripla

I-Atripla ingasebenzisana nemithi eminingi ehlukene kanye nezithako ezithile nokudla.

Ukuxhumana okuhlukile kungadala imiphumela ehlukile. Isibonelo, ezinye zingaphazamisa ukuthi usebenza kanjani umuthi, kanti ezinye zingadala imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe.

Atripla neminye imithi

Ngezansi kunohlu lwemithi engasebenzisana ne-Atripla. Lolu hlu alunazo zonke izidakamizwa ezingasebenzisana ne-Atripla. Kunezinye izidakamizwa eziningi ezingasebenzisana ne-Atripla.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-Atripla, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela kanye nosokhemisi mayelana nayo yonke imishanguzo kadokotela, i-counter-counter, nezinye izidakamizwa ozithathayo. Batshele futhi nganoma yimaphi amavithamini, amakhambi, nezithako ozisebenzisayo. Ukwabelana ngalolu lwazi kungakusiza ugweme ukuhlangana okungenzeka.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuhlangana kwezidakamizwa okungakuthinta, buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Imithi ethile ye-HIV

I-Atripla ihlangana neminye imithi eminingi ye-HIV. Ungaqali ukuthatha imishanguzo eminingi ye-HIV ngaphandle uma uyalwe ngudokotela wakho. Ukuthatha i-Atripla ngeminye imishanguzo ye-HIV kunganciphisa imiphumela yale mithi noma kwandise ubungozi bemiphumela emibi.

Izibonelo zale mithi ye-HIV zifaka:

  • protease inhibitors, njenge:
    • atazanavir
    • i-fosamprenavir calcium
    • indimvir
    • darunavir / ritonavir
    • lopinavir / ritonavir
    • i-ritonavir
    • sphiwe
  • i-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i-NNRTIs), efana ne:
    • umabhebhana
    • etravirine
    • doravirine
  • i-maraviroc, ephikisana neCCR5
  • i-didanosine, eyi-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
  • i-raltegravir, eyi-integrase inhibitor

Izidakamizwa ezithile ze-hepatitis C

Ukuthatha i-Atripla ngemithi ethile ye-hepatitis C kungenza lezo zidakamizwa zingasebenzi kahle. Kungenza futhi ukuthi umzimba wakho umelane nemithi ye-hepatitis C. Ngokumelana, izidakamizwa kungenzeka zingakusebenzeli nhlobo. Kweminye imithi ye-hepatitis C, ukuthatha i-Atripla nayo kungakhuphula imiphumela emibi ye-Atripla.

Izibonelo zemithi ye-hepatitis C okungafanele ithathwe nge-Atripla ifaka:

  • I-Epclusa (sofosbuvir / velpatasvir)
  • I-Harvoni (ledipasvir / sofosbuvir)
  • I-Mavyret (glecaprevir / pibrentasvir)
  • I-Olysio (simeprevir)
  • I-Victrelis (boceprevir)
  • I-Vosevi (sofosbuvir / velpatasvir / voxilaprevir)
  • I-Zepatier (elbasvir / grazoprevir)

Izidakamizwa ezibulalayo

Ukuthatha i-Atripla ngemithi ethile yokubulala izinhlungu kungenza lezo zidakamizwa zingasebenzi kahle. Kungakhuphula nemiphumela emibi ethile. Izibonelo zale mithi ye-antifungal zifaka:

  • itraconazole
  • ketoconazole
  • posaconazole
  • voriconazole

Izidakamizwa ezingathinta ukusebenza kwezinso

Ukuthatha i-Atripla ngemithi ethile ethinta indlela izinso zakho ezisebenza ngayo kungakhuphula imiphumela ye-Atripla. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhuleni kwemiphumela emibi. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

  • izidakamizwa ezithile ezilwa namagciwane, njenge:
    • acyclovir
    • i-adefovir dipivoxil
    • cidofovir
    • ganciclovir
    • valacyclovir
    • valganciclovir
  • ama-aminoglycosides, njenge-gentamicin
  • izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID), njenge-ibuprofen, i-piroxicam, noma i-ketorolac, lapho zisetshenziswa ndawonye noma ngemithamo ephezulu

Izidakamizwa imiphumela yazo engancishiswa

Kunemithi eminingi imiphumela yayo engehliswa uma ithathwa ne-Atripla. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

  • ama-anticonvulsants athile, anjenge:
    • carbamazepine
    • mthombeni
    • lindokuhle
  • izidakamizwa ezithile zokucindezeleka, njenge:
    • bupropion
    • umabhebhana
  • ama-block wesiteshi se-calcium, njenge:
    • umabhebhana
    • felodipine
    • mthokozisi
    • umabhebhana
    • sibongile
  • izimiso ezithile (imithi ye-cholesterol), njenge:
    • mthombeni
    • pravastatin
    • simvastatin
  • izidakamizwa ezithile ezinciphisa ukusebenza kwamasosha akho omzimba, njenge:
    • cyclosporine
    • tacrolimus
    • sirolimus
  • amaphilisi athile okulawula ukubeletha, njenge-ethinyl estradiol / norgestimate
  • imishanguzo ethile esetshenziswa kumadivayisi okulawula inzalo angafakwa, njenge-etonogestrel
  • kucofe
  • umabhebhana
  • imishanguzo ethile elapha umalaleveva, njenge:
    • artemether / lumefantrine
    • atovaquone / proguanil
    • imethadone

I-Warfarin

Ukuthatha i-Atripla nge-warfarin (i-Coumadin, i-Jantoven) kungenza i-warfarin isebenze kakhulu noma ingasebenzi. Uma uthatha i-warfarin, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela engaba khona yokuthatha le mithi ndawonye.

I-Rifampin

Ukuthatha i-Atripla nge-rifampin kungenza i-Atripla ingasebenzi kahle. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi kunganciphisa inani le-efavirenz emzimbeni wakho. I-Efavirenz ngesinye sezidakamizwa ezitholakala e-Atripla.

Uma udokotela wakho ethatha isinqumo sokuthi udinga ukuthatha i-Atripla nge-rifampin, bangancoma ukuthatha omunye u-200 mg ngosuku we-efavirenz.

I-Atripla ne-Viagra

I-Atripla ingakhuphula ukuthi i-sildenafil (Viagra) esheshayo idlula kanjani emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungenza i-Viagra ingasebenzi kahle.

Uma ungathanda ukuthatha i-Viagra ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kwakho ne-Atripla, khuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Bangakweluleka ngokuthi ngabe i-Viagra iyindlela engcono kakhulu kuwe, noma uma kukhona omunye umuthi ongasebenza kangcono.

I-Atripla namakhambi nezithako

Ukuthatha i-wort yaseSt. John nge-Atripla kungenza i-Atripla ingasebenzi kahle. Uma ungathanda ukuthatha le mikhiqizo ndawonye, ​​khuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala mayelana nokuthi kuphephile yini.

Futhi qiniseka ukuthi wazise udokotela nosokhemisi wakho nganoma imiphi imikhiqizo yemvelo oyithathayo, noma ngabe ucabanga ukuthi ingokwemvelo futhi iphephile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi itiye, njengetiyi eluhlaza, nemithi yendabuko, efana ne-ma-huang.

I-Atripla nokudla

Ukudla izithelo zomvini ngenkathi uthatha i-Atripla kungakhuphula amazinga omuthi emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungakhuphula imiphumela yakho emibi evela ku-Atripla, enjengesicanucanu nokuhlanza. Gwema ukudla i-grapefruit noma ijusi lamagilebhisi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho ne-Atripla.

Isebenza kanjani i-Atripla

I-HIV yigciwane elimaza amasosha omzimba, okuwukuzivikela komzimba ezifweni. Uma i-HIV ingalashwa, ithatha amaseli omzimba abizwa ngama-CD4 cell. I-HIV isebenzisa lawa maseli ukuziphindaphinda (ukuzenzela amakhophi ayo) nokusabalala emzimbeni wonke.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-HIV ingakhula ibe yi-AIDS. Ngengculazi, amasosha omzimba aba buthakathaka kangangokuba umuntu angaba nezinye izimo, njenge-pneumonia noma i-lymphoma. Ekugcineni, ingculaza inganciphisa isikhathi sokuphila komuntu.

I-Atripla isidakamizwa esihlanganisiwe esiqukethe imishanguzo emithathu yezidambisigciwane. Le mithi yile:

  • i-efavirenz, eyi-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
  • emtricitabine, eyi-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
  • i-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, nayo eyi-NRTI

Yomithathu le mithi isebenza ngokuvimba i-HIV ukuthi ingaziphindi. Lokhu kwehla kancane kancane inani legciwane egazini lomuntu, okuyinani le-HIV emzimbeni. Lapho leli zinga liphansi kakhulu ukuthi i-HIV ayisatholakali emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwe-HIV, ibizwa ngokuthi ayibonakali. Umthamo wegciwane elingatholakali kuyinjongo yokwelashwa kwe-HIV.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza?

Kunoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwe-HIV, kufaka phakathi i-Atripla, ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-24 ukufinyelela kumthamo wegciwane le-HIV ongatholakali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu usazoba negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kodwa kusezingeni eliphansi kangako elingatholakali ngokuhlolwa.

Ngabe kuzodingeka ngiphuze lesi sidakamizwa isikhathi eside?

Okwamanje alikho ikhambi le-HIV. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina umthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ungaphansi kokulawulwa, abantu abaningi bazodinga njalo ukuthatha uhlobo oluthile lwemithi ye-HIV.

Uma wena nodokotela wakho ninquma ukuthi i-Atripla ikusebenzela kahle, kuzodingeka ukuthi uyithathe isikhathi eside.

Atripla nokukhulelwa

Ukukhulelwa kufanele kugwenywe ngenkathi ukwelashwa nge-Atripla, futhi okungenani amasonto ayi-12 ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Atripla ingalimaza ukukhulelwa kwakho.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangaphakamisa ukwelashwa okwehlukile kwe-HIV yakho. Futhi uma ukhulelwa ngenkathi uthatha i-Atripla, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Uma uthatha i-Atripla ngenkathi ukhulelwe, ungacabanga ukujoyina i-Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry. Le registry ilandelela impilo nokukhulelwa kwabantu abathatha imishanguzo yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngenkathi bekhulelwe. Udokotela wakho angakutshela okuningi.

I-Atripla nokuncelisa

Izidakamizwa e-Atripla zidlula zibe ubisi lwebele. Abantu abathatha i-Atripla akufanele bancelise, ngoba ingane yabo izothatha lesi sidakamizwa ngobisi lwebele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ingane ingaba nemiphumela emibi evela emthini, njengesifo sohudo.

Okunye ukucatshangelwa ukuthi i-HIV ingadlulisela enganeni ngobisi lwebele. E-United States, iCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) incoma ukuthi abantu abane-HIV bagweme ukuncelisa ibele.

Kodwa-ke, iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) isakhuthaza ukuncelisa ibele kubantu abane-HIV kwamanye amazwe amaningi.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile nge-Atripla

Nazi izimpendulo zemibuzo ebuzwa njalo nge-Atripla.

Ingabe i-Atripla ingabangela ukucindezeleka?

Yebo, i-Atripla ingadala ukucindezeleka. Ezifundweni zomtholampilo, i-9% yabantu abathatha umuthi baba nengcindezi.

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko esimweni sakho sengqondo ngenkathi uthatha i-Atripla, khuluma nodokotela wakho khona manjalo. Bangaguqula ukwelashwa kwakho nge-HIV, futhi bangakunikeza ezinye izincomo zokwelashwa ezingakusiza ekunciphiseni ukudangala kwakho.

Ingabe i-Atripla iyayelapha i-HIV?

Cha, okwamanje alikho ikhambi le-HIV. Kodwa ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kufanele kwenze ukuthi igciwane lingatholakali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu usazoba negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kodwa kusezingeni eliphansi kangako elingatholakali ngokuhlolwa. I-FDA njengamanje ibheka izinga elingatholakali njengempumelelo yokwelashwa.

Ingabe i-Atripla ingayivimbela i-HIV?

Cha, i-Atripla ayivunyelwe ekuvikeleni i-HIV. Umuthi okuwukuphela kwawo ovunyelwe ukuvimbela i-HIV yiTruvada, esetshenziselwa i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Nge-PrEP, imithi iyathathwa ngaphambi kokuchayeka kwi-HIV ukusiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwegciwane.

I-Atripla ayikaze ifundelwe lokhu kusetshenziswa, noma iqukethe yomibili imishanguzo etholakala eTruvada (emtricitabine kanye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate). Ngakho-ke, i-Atripla akufanele isetshenziselwe le njongo.

Umuntu ongenayo i-HIV kodwa onethuba lokuyithola kufanele akhulume nodokotela wakhe. Bangancoma izindlela zokuzivikela ezifana ne-PrEP noma i-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Bangaphakamisa nezinye izindlela zokuzivikela, njengokuhlala usebenzisa ikhondomu ngesikhathi socansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma sangasese.

Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa imithamo eminingana ye-Atripla?

Uma uphuthelwa imithamo eminingana ye-Atripla, ungathathi imithamo eminingi ukwenzela labo obaphuthele. Esikhundleni salokho, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Bazokwazisa ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezilandelayo okufanele uzithathe.

Kubalulekile ukuthatha i-Atripla nsuku zonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma uphuthelwa imithamo, umzimba wakho ungaqala ukumelana ne-Atripla. Ngokumelana nemithi, umuthi awusasebenzi ukwelapha isimo esithile.

Kepha uma uphuthelwa umthamo owodwa, ngokujwayelekile, kufanele uwuthathe lowo msindo ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula.

Izexwayiso ze-Atripla

Lesi sidakamizwa siza nezixwayiso eziningana.

Isexwayiso se-FDA: Ukuwohloka kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B (HBV)

Lesi sidakamizwa sinesixwayiso esibhakeleni. Lesi yisexwayiso esibi kakhulu esivela ku-Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Isexwayiso sebhokisi sazisa odokotela neziguli ngemiphumela yezidakamizwa engaba yingozi.

  • Kubantu abathatha i-Atripla futhi abane-HIV ne-HBV, ukumisa i-Atripla kungaholela ekwandeni kwe-HBV. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokulimala kwesibindi.
  • Zonke iziguli kufanele zihlolwe i-HBV ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-Atripla. Futhi, akufanele uyeke ukuthatha i-Atripla ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akutshele.
  • Uma une-HIV ne-HBV futhi uyeka ukuthatha i-Atripla, udokotela wakho kufanele aqaphe ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho izinyanga ezimbalwa. Uma i-HBV yakho iba yimbi, udokotela wakho angakuqala ekwelashweni kwe-HBV.

Ezinye izexwayiso

Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-Atripla, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wezempilo. I-Atripla kungenzeka ingakulungeli uma unezimo ezithile zezokwelapha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

  • Ukuzwela ngokweqile ku-Atripla noma izithako zayo. Uma uke waba ne-reaction engathi sína yokungezwani komzimba ne-Atripla noma enye yezidakamizwa eziqukethe, kufanele ugweme ukuthatha i-Atripla. Uma udokotela wakho ekunika i-Atripla, qiniseka ukuthi ubatshela ngempendulo yakho yangaphambilini ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthatha umuthi.

Qaphela: Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona ye-Atripla, bheka isigaba "Semiphumela emibi" ngenhla.

Ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-Atripla

Ukuthatha kakhulu lo muthi kungandisa ubungozi bemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile

Izifundo zomtholampilo ze-Atripla azange zisho ukuthi yini engenzeka uma kuthathwa umuthi omningi. Kodwa ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukuthatha i-efavirenz eningi kakhulu, umuthi otholakala e-Atripla, kungakhuphula imiphumela ethile emibi yomuthi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

  • isiyezi
  • inkathazo yokulala
  • ukudideka
  • ukusangana
  • ukudikiza kwemisipha

Okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka ukweqisa ngokweqile

Uma uthatha ithebhulethi ye-Atripla engaphezu kweyodwa ngosuku, tshela udokotela wakho. Futhi qiniseka ukubatshela nganoma yiluphi ushintsho emiphumeleni yakho emibi noma ukuthi uzizwa kanjani ngokujwayelekile.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe i-Atripla kakhulu, shayela udokotela wakho noma ufune ukuholwa yi-American Association of Poison Control Centers ku-800-222-1222 noma ngethuluzi labo eliku-inthanethi. Kepha uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha.

Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwe-Atripla

Lapho i-Atripla ikhishwa ekhemisi, usokhemisi uzokwengeza usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwilebula esebhodleleni. Lolu suku luvame unyaka owodwa kusukela ngosuku okwakhishwa ngalo umuthi.

Inhloso yezinsuku zokuphelelwa isikhathi ezinjalo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza komuthi ngalesi sikhathi. Isimo samanje se-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ukugwema ukusebenzisa imishanguzo ephelelwe yisikhathi.

Ukuthi umuthi uhlala ulungile isikhathi eside kangakanani kungancika ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukuthi umuthi ugcinwa kanjani futhi kuphi. Amaphilisi e-Atripla kufanele agcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa, cishe ngama-77 ° F (25 ° C). Kufanele futhi zigcinwe esitsheni sazo sokuqala, isivalo sivalwe ngokuqinile.

Uma usebenzise umuthi ongasetshenziswanga osudlulile esikhathini sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, khuluma nosokhemisi wakho mayelana nokuthi usengakwazi yini ukuwusebenzisa.

Imininingwane yobungcweti ye-Atripla

Imininingwane elandelayo inikezwa odokotela nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo.

Indlela yokusebenza

I-Atripla iyithebhulethi yenhlanganisela yama-antiretroviral equkethe i-efavirenz, eyi-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), kanye ne-emtricitabine ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, okuyizimbili i-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).

Ama-NNRTI nama-NRTI womabili abophezela kwi-HIV reverse transcriptase, evimba ukuguqulwa kwe-HIV RNA ibe yi-HIV DNA. Kodwa-ke, zisebenza ezingxenyeni ezihluke kancane ze-enzyme ye-HIV reverse transcriptase.

I-Pharmacokinetics ne-metabolism

I-Atripla kufanele ithathwe esiswini esingenalutho. Yonke le mithi emithathu e-Atripla imuncwa ngokushesha. I-Efavirenz ithatha isikhathi eside ukufika emazingeni ombuso (izinsuku eziyi-6-10). Ingxenye yempilo yokuqeda yonke le mithi emithathu imi kanje:

  • efavirenz: amahora angama-40-55
  • emtricitabine: amahora ayi-10
  • i-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: amahora angu-17

I-Atripla ayinconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe kubantu abanokulimala okuphakathi noma okunzima kwesibindi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-efavirenz ihlanganiswa nama-enzyme wesibindi (i-CYP P450), ukusetshenziswa kwe-Atripla kubantu abanokulimala kwesibindi kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Atripla akunconyiwe kubantu abanokukhubazeka kwezinso okulingene kuya kokubi (CrCl <50 mL / min).

Izimo

I-Atripla akufanele isetshenziswe kubantu ababa neguliswa kabi ku-efavirenz, okungenye yezidakamizwa e-Atripla.

I-Atripla nayo akufanele isetshenziswe kubantu abathatha i-voriconazole noma i-elbasvir / grazoprevir.

Isitoreji

I-Atripla kufanele igcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa elingama-77 ° F (25 ° C), ivalwe ngokuqinile esitsheni sayo sokuqala.

Ukuzikhulula: IMedical News Namuhla yenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imininingwane iyiqiniso, iphelele futhi ihambisana nesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, le ndatshana akufanele isetshenziswe njengokungena esikhundleni solwazi nobungoti bochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo onelayisense. Kufanele uhlale uthintana nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuthatha noma imuphi umuthi. Imininingwane yezidakamizwa equkethwe lapha ingashintsha futhi ayihloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona, izinkomba, izixwayiso, izexwayiso, ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa, ukungezwani komzimba, noma imiphumela emibi. Ukungabikho kwezixwayiso noma olunye ulwazi lomuthi othile awukhombisi ukuthi inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa noma yezidakamizwa iphephile, iyasebenza, noma ilungele zonke iziguli noma konke ukusetshenziswa okuthile.

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