Iyini i-Autosomal DNA futhi Yini Ongayitshela Yakho?

-Delile

• I-Autosomal ephezulu ne-autosomal recessive
• I-Autosomal ephezulu
• Ifa
• I-Autosomal ngokweqile
• Ifa
• Izibonelo zezimo ezivamile
• I-Autosomal ephezulu
• I-Autosomal ngokweqile
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Autosomal DNA
• Izindleko zokuhlolwa
• Ukuthatha

Cishe wonke umuntu - ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile - uzalwa enamabhangqa angama-23 ama-chromosomes adluliswa evela kubazali ngenhlanganisela yama-chromosomes awo angama-46.

I-X ne-Y, ama-chromosomes amabili aziwa kakhulu, ayingxenye yama-chromosomes angama-23. Abizwa nangokuthi ama-chromosomes ocansi ngoba anquma ukuthi yiluphi ucansi lokuzalwa ozalwa nalo. (Noma kunjalo, le kanambambili ayilula njengoba ibonakala.)

Amanye amapheya angama-22 abizwa ngama-autosomes. Zaziwa nangokuthi ama-chromosomes e-autosomal. Ama-Autosomes nama-chromosomes ocansi aqukethe ingqikithi yezakhi zofuzo ezingaba ngu-20 000.

Lezi zofuzo empeleni zingamaphesenti angama-99.9 ziyefana kuwo wonke umuntu. Kodwa ukwehluka okuncane kulezi zofuzo kunquma konke ukwakheka kofuzo lwakho nokuthi uzizuza njengefa izici nezimo ezithile.

I-Autosomal ephezulu ne-autosomal recessive

Ngaphakathi kwala ma-autosomes angama-22 kunezigaba ezimbili zofuzo ezidlulisa izici nezimo ezihlukile kubazali bakho. Lezi zigaba zibizwa ngokuthi yi-autosomal ephezulu futhi ye-autosomal recessive. Nakhu ukuwohloka okusheshayo komehluko.

I-Autosomal ephezulu

Ngalesi sigaba, udinga kuphela esisodwa salezi zofuzo ukuthi sidluliselwe kuwe kusuka kunoma yimuphi umzali ukuthola leyo mfanelo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho noma esinye isakhi sofuzo ku-autosome efanayo siyisici esihluke ngokuphelele noma soguquko.

Ifa

Ake sithi ubaba wakho unekhophi eyodwa nje yesakhi sofuzo esiguquliwe sesimo esivelele se-autosomal. Umama wakho akenzi. Kunamathuba amabili wefa kulesi simo, ngasinye sinamathuba wamaphesenti angama-50 okuvela:

• Uzuza ifa elithintekayo likayihlo kanye nolunye lofuzo lomama wakho olungathintekile. Unesimo.
• Uzuza ifa elingathinteki elivela kubaba wakho kanye nolunye lofuzo lomama wakho olungathintekile. Awunaso lesi simo, futhi awusiye umphathi.

Ngamanye amagama, udinga kuphela omunye wabazali bakho ukudlulisa isimo esibusayo se-autosomal kuwe. Esimweni esingenhla, unethuba elingamaphesenti angama-50 lokuzuza lesi simo. Kodwa uma lowo mzali onezakhi zofuzo ezimbili ezithintekile, kunethuba elingamaphesenti ayikhulu lokuthi uzalwe unalo.

Kodwa-ke, ungathola futhi isimo esibusayo se-autosomal ngaphandle komzali onofuzo oluthintekile. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kuguquka okusha.

I-Autosomal ngokweqile

Ezakhiweni zofuzo eziphindaphindekayo ze-autosomal, udinga ikhophi elilodwa lohlobo olufanayo kumzali ngamunye ukuze isici noma isimo siboniswe kuzakhi zakho zofuzo.

Uma ngabe umzali oyedwa edlulisa isakhi sofuzo ngesici sokuyekelela, njengezinwele ezibomvu, noma isimo, njenge-cystic fibrosis, uthathwa njengomthwali.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi awunaso isici noma isimo, kepha ungaba nohlobo lwesici futhi ungaludlulisela ezinganeni zakho.

Ifa

Endabeni yesimo se-autosomal recessive, udinga ukuthola ifa lesifo esithintekile kumzali ngamunye ukuze ube nalesi simo. Asikho isiqinisekiso esizokwenzeka.

Ake sithi bobabili abazali bakho banekhophi eyodwa yesakhi esibangela i-cystic fibrosis. Kunamathuba amane wefa, ngalinye linamathuba okwenzeka ngamaphesenti angama-25:

• Udla ifa elithintekayo likayihlo nofuzo olungathintekanga oluvela kunyoko. Ungumphathi, kodwa awunaso isimo.
• Uzuza ifa elithintekayo elivela kumama wakho nohlobo olungathintekile oluvela kuyihlo. Ungumphathi kodwa awunaso isimo.
• Uthola isakhi sofuzo esingathinteki kubo bobabili abazali. Awunaso lesi simo, futhi awusiye umphathi.
• Uthola isakhi sofuzo esithintekile kubo bobabili abazali. Unesimo.

Kulesi simo lapho umzali ngamunye enofuzo olulodwa oluthintekile, ingane yakhe inethuba elingamaphesenti angama-50 lokuba ngumthwali, ithuba elingamaphesenti angama-25 lokungabi nalesi simo noma lokuthwala, kanye namaphesenti angama-25 okuba nalesi simo.

Izibonelo zezimo ezivamile

Nazi izibonelo zezimo ezivamile esigabeni ngasinye.

I-Autosomal ephezulu

• Isifo sikaHuntington
• Isifo seMarfan
• umbala ophuzi okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi
• isifo sezinso se-polycystic

I-Autosomal ngokweqile

• i-cystic fibrosis
• i-sickle cell anemia
• Isifo se-Tay-Sachs (cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-30 e-Ashkenazi amaJuda athwala isakhi sofuzo)
• ukulele
• Isifo sikaGaucher

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Autosomal DNA

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Autosomal DNA kwenziwa ngokunikeza isampula le-DNA yakho - kusuka esihlathini, ekukhafuleni, noma egazini - kuya esikhungweni sokuhlolela i-DNA. Isikhungo leso sihlaziya ukulandelana kwe-DNA yakho bese siqondanisa i-DNA yakho nabanye abalethe i-DNA yabo ukuze ihlolwe.

I-database yesikhungo sokuhlola emikhulu ye-DNA, imiphumela inembe kakhudlwana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isikhungo sinechibi elikhulu le-DNA lokuqhathanisa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Autosomal DNA kungakutshela okuningi ngokhokho bakho namathuba akho okuthola izimo ezithile ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokunemba. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuthola ukuhlukahluka okuthile kwizakhi zakho zofuzo bese uzibeka emaqenjini namanye amasampula e-DNA anokuhluka okufanayo.

Labo abahlanganyela okhokho abafanayo bazoba nokulandelana okufanayo kofuzo lwe-autosomal. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lezi zivivinyo ze-DNA zingasiza ukulandelela i-DNA yakho kanye ne-DNA yalezo ezihlobene kakhulu nawe zibuyele emuva lapho zaqala khona lezo zofuzo, kwesinye isikhathi zibuyise izizukulwane ezimbalwa.

Nakhu ukuthi lezi zivivinyo ze-DNA zingaveza kanjani ukuthi iziphi izifunda zomhlaba iDNA yakho evela kuzo. Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-autosomal DNA kits avela ezinkampanini ezinjenge-23andMe, i-AncestryDNA, ne-MyHeritage DNA.

Lezi zivivinyo zingakutshela futhi ngokunemba okucishe kube ngamaphesenti ayi-100 ukuthi ngabe ungumthwali wesimo esizuzwe njengefa noma unesimo ngokwakho.

Ngokubheka izici ezingaphakathi kwezakhi zofuzo kuma-chromosomes akho e-autosomal, isivivinyo singakhomba ukuguquka, kungaba okuphezulu noma okweqile, okuhambisana nale mibandela.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-autosomal DNA nayo ingasetshenziswa ezifundweni zocwaningo. Ngemininingwane emikhulu ye-DNA yezimoto, abacwaningi bangaqonda kangcono izinqubo ngemuva kokushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo nezinkulumo zofuzo.

Lokhu kungathuthukisa ukwelashwa kwezifo zofuzo futhi kuholele abacwaningi eduze nokuthola amakhambi.

Izindleko zokuhlolwa

Izindleko zokuhlolwa kwe-Autosomal DNA ziyahlukahluka kakhulu:

• 23Nami. Ukuhlolwa kokhokho okujwayelekile kubiza u- $ 99.
• I-AncestryDNA. Ukuhlolwa okufanayo okuvela enkampanini engemuva kwewebhusayithi ye-Ancestry.com kubiza cishe u- $ 99. Kepha lokhu kuhlolwa kufaka nedatha yokudla okunempilo engakutshela ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okungcono kakhulu ekulandelaneni kwakho kwe-DNA nokuthi yini ongayiphikisa noma yini engadala izimpendulo zokuvuvukala emzimbeni wakho.
• SizweHome. Lokhu kuhlolwa okufanayo kuya ku-23andMe kubiza u- $ 79.

Ukuthatha

Ama-Autosomes aphatha imininingwane yakho eminingi yofuzo futhi angakutshela okuningi ngozalo lwakho, impilo yakho, nokuthi ungubani ezingeni lomuntu uqobo.

Njengoba abantu abaningi bethatha izivivinyo ze-autosomal DNA kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlola buya buba bucayi, imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo iya ngokuya ichaneka ngokwengeziwe. Ziphinde zikhanyise ukukhanya okubalulekile kokuthi ufu lwabantu luvelaphi ngempela.

Ungacabanga ukuthi umndeni wakho ungowefa elithile, kepha imiphumela ye-autosomal DNA yakho ingakunika ukuhlonza imbumbulu eyengeziwe. Lokhu kungaqinisekisa izindaba zomndeni wakho noma kuphonsele inselelo izinkolelo zakho ngemvelaphi yomndeni wakho.

Uma ithathwa ngokweqile, i-database enkulu ye-DNA yomuntu ingakwazi ukuthola imvelaphi yabantu bokuqala nangaphezulu.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Autosomal DNA nakho kunganikeza i-DNA edingekayo ukucwaninga ukuthi izimo eziningi zofuzo, eziningi zazo eziphazamisa izimpilo zabantu, zingaphathwa noma zelapheke kanjani ekugcineni.