Yini i-Aversion Therapy futhi iyasebenza?

-Delile

• Isebenza kanjani i-aversion therapy?
• Ubani lo muthi wokwelapha?
• Iphumelela kangakanani?
• Izimpikiswano nokugxekwa
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa
• Okubalulekile

Ukwelashwa kwe-Aversion, kwesinye isikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okuphindayo noma isimo sokuphindisela, kusetshenziselwa ukusiza umuntu ukuthi alahle isimilo noma umkhuba ngokubenza bawuhlobanise nokuthile okungathandeki.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Aversion kwaziwa kakhulu ngokwelapha abantu abanezimilo eziluthayo, njengalezo ezitholakala enkingeni yokusebenzisa utshwala. Ucwaningo oluningi selugxile ezinzuzweni zalo eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lunempikiswano kanti nocwaningo luxubene. Ukwelashwa kwe-Aversion akuvamile ukuthi kube ukwelashwa komugqa wokuqala nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezithandwayo.

Ukwelashwa okuhlala isikhathi eside nakho kuye kwagxekwa, njengoba ngaphandle kokwelapha, ukubuyela emuva kungenzeka.

Isebenza kanjani i-aversion therapy?

Ukwelashwa kwe-Aversion kusekelwe emcabangweni wesimo se-classical. Isimo se-Classical kulapho ufunda ngokungazi noma ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuziphatha ngenxa yesikhuthazi esithile. Ngamanye amagama, ufunda ukuphendula okuthile ngokuya ngokuxhumana okuphindaphindiwe nakho.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Aversion kusebenzisa isimo kodwa kugxila ekwakheni impendulo engeyinhle kwisikhuthazi esingathandeki, njengokuphuza utshwala noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Izikhathi eziningi, kubantu abanezinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, umzimba ulungiselelwe ukuthola injabulo kulokho - ngokwesibonelo, unambitheka kahle futhi ukwenze uzizwe ujabulile. Ekwelapheni kokuphamba, umqondo ukukushintsha lokho.

Indlela eqondile yokwelashwa kwe-aversion incike ekuziphatheni okungathandeki noma umkhuba owelashwa. Ukwelashwa okujwayele ukusetshenziswa okusetshenziswayo ukuphindisela kwamakhemikhali ekuphazamiseni ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. Umgomo ukunciphisa ukulangazelela komuntu utshwala ngokuhlanza okwenziwa ngamakhemikhali.

Ekuphikisweni ngamakhemikhali, udokotela unikeza umuthi odala isicanucanu noma ukugabha uma umuntu owelaswayo ephuza utshwala. Bese bebanikeza utshwala ukuze umuntu agule. Lokhu kuyaphindwa kuze kube yilapho umuntu eqala ukuhlobanisa ukuphuza utshwala nokuzizwa egula ngakho-ke akasabufisi utshwala.

Ezinye izindlela ezisetshenziselwe ukwelashwa kokuzonda zifaka:

• ukushaqeka kukagesi
• olunye uhlobo lokushaqeka ngokomzimba, okufana nokuqhuma kwebhande lenjoloba
• iphunga noma ukunambitheka okungathandeki
• isithombe esingesihle (kwesinye isikhathi ngokubuka ngamehlo)
• amahloni

Ukwelashwa kwendabuko kokuphamba kwenziwa ngaphansi kweso lodokotela wezengqondo noma omunye umelaphi. Kodwa-ke, ungasebenzisa isimo se-aversion ekhaya ngemikhuba emibi elula, njengokuluma izinzipho zakho.

Ukwenza lokhu, ungabeka ijazi elicacile le-nail polish kuzinzipho zakho, ezizonambitheka kabi lapho uzoziluma.

Ubani lo muthi wokwelapha?

I-Aversion Therapy kukholakala ukuthi iyasiza kubantu abafuna ukuyeka ukwenza noma umkhuba, imvamisa lowo ophazamisa impilo yabo kabi.

Ngenkathi kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi ekwelapheni i-aversion kanye nokusetshenziswa kotshwala, okunye ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwezokwelapha kufake phakathi:

• ezinye izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
• ukubhema
• ukuphazamiseka kokudla
• imikhuba yomlomo, njengokuluma ngezipikili
• ukuzilimaza nokuziphatha okunolaka
• ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha ezingafanele zocansi, njengokuphazamiseka kwe-voyeuristic

Ukucwaninga ngalezi zicelo kuhlanganisiwe. Abanye, njengezindlela zokuziphatha, baye baboniswa njengabangasebenzi. Kutholakale isithembiso esithe xaxa sokulutha uma usebenzisa ukuphikiswa kwamakhemikhali.

Iphumelela kangakanani?

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-aversion kuyasebenza ekwelapheni inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole ukuthi ababambiqhaza abafisa utshwala ngaphambi kokwelapha babike ukuthi bagwema utshwala ezinsukwini ezingama-30 nezingama-90 ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo lusaxubene nokusebenza kokwelapha okwenyanyekayo. Ngenkathi ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisile imiphumela ethembisayo yesikhathi esifushane, ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kuyangabazeka.

Ngenkathi ucwaningo olushiwo ngaphambili luthola ukuthi amaphesenti angama-69 ababambiqhaza abike ukuthi sekuphele unyaka ongu-1 ngemuva kokwelashwa, ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside luzosiza ukubona ukuthi luqhubeke yini lowo nyaka wokuqala.

Kokunye kocwaningo olunzulu kakhulu mayelana nokwelashwa kokuzonda ngama-1950s, abacwaningi baqaphela ukwehla kokuziyeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngemuva konyaka owodwa, amaphesenti angama-60 ahlala engenabo utshwala, kepha kwakungamaphesenti angama-51 kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, amaphesenti angama-38 ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, namaphesenti angama-23 ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu.

Kukholakala ukuthi ukuntuleka kwenzuzo yesikhathi eside kwenzeka ngoba ukwelashwa okuningi kokuzonda kwenzeka ehhovisi. Uma ungekho ehhovisi, ukwenyanya kunzima ukukunakekela.

Ngenkathi ukwelashwa kwe-aversion kungasebenza esikhathini esifushane sokuphuza utshwala, kube nemiphumela ehlanganisiwe yokunye ukusetshenziswa.

Ucwaningo oluningi luthole ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-aversion akusizi ngokuyeka ukubhema, ikakhulukazi lapho ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukubhema ngokushesha. Isibonelo, umuntu uzocelwa ukuthi abheme lonke iphakethe likagwayi esikhathini esifushane kakhulu aze agule.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Aversion nakho kucatshangelwe ukwelapha ukukhuluphala, kepha bekukwenzelwe konke ukudla nokugcina ngaphandle kokwelapha.

Izimpikiswano nokugxekwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-Aversion kuye kwaba nokuhlukumezeka esikhathini esedlule ngenxa yezizathu eziningana.

Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa isikhuthazi esingesihle ekwelapheni kokuzonda kulingana nokusebenzisa isijeziso njengendlela yokwelapha, okungahambisani nokuziphatha.

Ngaphambi kokuba i-American Psychiatric Association (APA) ikubone njengokuhlukumeza ngokokuziphatha, abanye abacwaningi basebenzise ukwelashwa okuphikisayo ukuze “baphathe” ubungqingili.

, ubutabane babuthathwa njengokugula ngengqondo kwiDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Abanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka "ukuyelapha". Umuntu ongqingili angagqunywa ejele noma akhishwe ngenkani ohlelweni lokwelashwa kokuzonda ngenxa yokwembula ukuma kwakhe.

Abanye abantu bazifunele lokhu noma ezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa kwengqondo ngobungqingili. Lokhu kwakuvame ukubangelwa amahloni nokuzizwa unecala, kanye nokucwaswa komphakathi kanye nokubandlululwa. Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi bukhombisile ukuthi lokhu "kwelashwa" bekungasebenzi futhi kuyingozi.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-APA isuse ubungqingili njengesifo ngenxa yokungabikho kobufakazi besayensi, ucwaningo oluningi ngokwelashwa kokuzonda ubungqingili luyekile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusetshenziswa okuyingozi nokungahambisani nokuziphatha kokwelapha i-aversion kushiye nedumela elibi.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-Aversion kungasiza ekumiseni izinhlobo ezithile zokuziphatha okungafuneki noma imikhuba. Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi noma ngabe isetshenzisiwe, akufanele isetshenziswe yodwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Aversion luhlobo lwezokwelapha eziphikisayo. Eyesibili ibizwa ngokuthi yi-exposure therapy, esebenza ngokuveza umuntu entweni ayesabayo. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa zingahlanganiswa kube nomphumela ongcono.

Abelaphi bangaphinde bancome ezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa kokuziphatha, kanye nezinhlelo zokuvuselela iziguli ezingaphandle noma ezingekho emthethweni zokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Kubantu abaningi ababhekana nokulutha, amanethiwekhi wokusekela nawo angasiza ukuwagcina emzileni wokutakula.

Imithi ingahle inikezwe kwezinye izimo, kufaka phakathi ukuyeka ukubhema, izimo zempilo yengqondo nokukhuluphala.

Okubalulekile

Ukwelashwa kwe-Aversion kuhlose ukusiza abantu bayeke ukuziphatha noma imikhuba engathandeki. Ucwaningo luxubene ekusetshenzisweni kwalo, futhi odokotela abaningi kungenzeka bangakuluncomi ngenxa yokugxekwa nokuphikisana.

Wena nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ningaxoxa ngecebo elilungile lokwelashwa lenu, noma ngabe lokho kubandakanya ukwelashwa kokungezwani noma cha. Imvamisa, inhlanganisela yokwelashwa okubandakanya ukwelashwa kokukhuluma nemithi kungakusiza ukubhekana nokukhathazeka kwakho.

Uma unenkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ukholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ubhekene nokulutha, finyelela kumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ungaqala kuphi, ungashayela Inombolo Yosizo Kazwelonke ye-SAMHSA ku-800-662-4357.