Izifo Zegazi: Amaseli Egazi Amhlophe Nokubomvu, AmaPlatelets kanye nePlasma

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi?
• Ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu
• Ukushoda kwegazi
• Thalassemia
• I-Polycythemia vera
• Ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi
• I-Lymphoma
• Umdlavuza wegazi
• I-Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
• Izinkinga zePlatelet
• Isifo seVon Willebrand
• I-hemophilia
• I-thrombocythemia eyinhloko
• Iziphazamiso zomsebenzi weplatelet ezitholakele
• Ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana e-Plasma
• Iseli leplasma myeloma
• Kutholakala kanjani ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi?
• Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa zokuphazamiseka kwamaseli egazi?
• Imithi
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Kuyini ukuphazamiseka kwamaseli egazi?

Ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi kuyisimo lapho kunenkinga khona ngamangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, noma amaseli amancane ajikelezayo abizwa ngama-platelets, okubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwamahlwili. Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli zakhiwa emnkantsheni wethambo, okuyizicubu ezithambile ezingaphakathi kwamathambo akho. Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu athutha umoya-mpilo ezithweni nasemzimbeni wakho. Amaseli egazi amhlophe asiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nezifo. Ama-platelet asiza igazi lakho ukuba limile. Ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi kuphazamisa ukwakheka nokusebenza kohlobo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwalezi zinhlobo zamaseli egazi.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi?

Izimpawu zizohluka ngokuya ngohlobo lokuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi. Izimpawu ezivamile zokuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi yilezi:

• ukukhathala
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• unenkinga yokugxila ekushodeni kwegazi elinomoya-mpilo ebuchosheni
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo

Izimpawu ezivamile zokuphazamiseka kwamaseli amhlophe yilezi:

• izifo ezingalapheki
• ukukhathala
• ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali
• i-malaise, noma umuzwa ojwayelekile wokungaphili

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokuphazamiseka kweplatelet yilezi:

• ukusikeka noma izilonda ezingapholi noma eziphuza ukwelashwa
• igazi elingagugi ngemuva kokulimala noma ukusika
• isikhumba esilimazayo kalula
• ukuphuma kwamakhala okungachazeki noma ukopha ezinsinini

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuphazamiseka kwamaseli egazi okungathinta kakhulu impilo yakho yonke.

Ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu

Ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kuthinta amaseli abomvu omzimba. Lawa ngamangqamuzana asegazini lakho athwala umoya-mpilo osuka emaphashini uya kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zalezi zinkinga, ezingathinta kokubili izingane nabantu abadala.

Ukushoda kwegazi

I-anemia uhlobo olulodwa lokuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ukuntuleka kwensimbi yamaminerali egazini lakho kuvame ukudala lokhu kuphazamiseka. Umzimba wakho udinga i-iron ukukhiqiza i-protein hemoglobin, esiza amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi (ama-RBCs) ukuthwala umoya-mpilo emaphashini akho uye kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-anemia.

• Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia: Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia kwenzeka lapho umzimba wakho ungenayo i-iron eyanele. Ungazizwa ukhathele futhi uphefumula kanzima ngoba ama-RBC akho awathwali i-oxygen eyanele emaphashini akho. Ukwengeza i-iron kuvame ukwelapha lolu hlobo lwe-anemia.
• I-anaemia ekhathazayo: I-anemia enamandla iyisimo sokuzimela lapho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukumunca inani elanele levithamini B-12. Lokhu kubangela inani eliphansi lama-RBC. Ibizwa ngokuthi “iyingozi,” okusho ukuthi iyingozi, ngoba yayijwayele ukungalapheki futhi ivame ukubulala. Manje, imijovo ye-B-12 ivame ukwelapha lolu hlobo lwe-anemia.
• I-aplastic anemia: I-aplastic anemia yisimo esingajwayelekile kodwa esibi lapho umnkantsha wakho uyeka ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi amasha ngokwanele. Kungenzeka ngokuzumayo noma ngokunensa, futhi kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Kungakushiya uzizwe ukhathele futhi ungakwazi ukulwa nezifo noma ukopha okungalawuleki.
• I-autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA): I-autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) ibangela ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho abhubhise amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ngokushesha kunokuba umzimba wakho ungawashintsha. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ube nama-RBC ambalwa kakhulu.
• I-sickle cell anemia: I-Sickle cell anemia (i-SCA) wuhlobo lwe-anemia oludonsela igama layo kusimo esingavamile sesikela lamaseli abomvu athintekile. Ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi abantu abane-sickle cell anemia aqukethe ama-molecule e-hemoglobin angajwayelekile, awashiya eqinile futhi egobile. Amaseli abomvu amile okwegazi awanakuthwala umoya-mpilo omningi aye ezicutshini zakho njengamaseli abomvu ejwayelekile. Zingahle futhi zinamathele emithanjeni yakho yegazi, zivimbe ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ezithweni zakho.

Thalassemia

I-Thalassemia yiqembu lokuphazamiseka kwegazi okuzuzwe njengefa. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuvimbela ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwe-hemoglobin. Lapho amaseli abomvu egazi engenayo i-hemoglobin eyanele, umoya-mpilo awufiki kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Izinhlaka ke azisebenzi kahle. Lezi zinkinga zingaholela ku:

• ukukhubazeka kwamathambo
• ubende obukhulisiwe
• izinkinga zenhliziyo
• ukukhula nokubambezeleka kwentuthuko ezinganeni

I-Polycythemia vera

I-Polycythemia ngumdlavuza wegazi obangelwa ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Uma une-polycythemia, umnkantsha wakho wenza amaseli abomvu amaningi kakhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igazi lakho likhuluphale futhi ligeleze kancane, likubeke engcupheni yamahlule egazi angadala isifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi. Alikho ikhambi elaziwayo. Ukwelashwa kubandakanya i-phlebotomy, noma ukususa igazi emithanjeni yakho, nemithi.

Ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi

Amaseli egazi amhlophe (ama-leukocyte) asiza ukuvikela umzimba ekuthelelekeni nakwizinto zangaphandle. Ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kungathinta ukuphendula komzimba wakho kanye namandla omzimba wakho wokulwa nokutheleleka. Lezi zinkinga zingathinta abantu abadala nezingane.

I-Lymphoma

I-Lymphoma ngumdlavuza wegazi owenzeka ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic yomzimba. Amaseli akho amhlophe egazi ayashintsha futhi akhule angalawuleki. I-Hodgkin's lymphoma ne-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma yizinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu ze-lymphoma.

Umdlavuza wegazi

I-leukemia wumdlavuza wegazi lapho amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi abulalayo ephindaphindeka ngaphakathi komnkantsha womzimba wakho. Umdlavuza wegazi ungaba onamandla noma ongapheli. I-leukemia engapheli inyuka kancane.

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) yisimo esithinta amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi emnkantsheni wakho. Umzimba ukhiqiza amangqamuzana amaningi kakhulu angavuthiwe, okuthiwa ukuqhuma. Ukuqhuma kuyanda futhi kuminyanise amaseli avuthiwe futhi anempilo. I-Myelodysplastic syndrome ingaqhubeka kancane noma ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ku-leukemia.

Izinkinga zePlatelet

Ama-platelet egazi abaphenduli bokuqala lapho usikekile noma okunye ukulimala. Babuthana endaweni yokulimala, bakha ipulaki lesikhashana lokunqanda ukopha. Uma unesifo seplatelet, igazi lakho linokunye kokungafani okuthathu:

• Azanele amaplatelet. Ukuba nama-platelet ambalwa kakhulu kuyingozi ngoba ngisho nokulimala okuncane kungadala ukulahleka kwegazi okungathi sína.
• Ama-platelet amaningi kakhulu. Uma unama-platelet amaningi egazini lakho, amahlule egazi angakha futhi avimbe umthambo omkhulu, okwenza isifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo.
• Ama-platelet angagqokeki kahle. Kwesinye isikhathi, amaplatelet akhubazekile awakwazi ukunamathela kwamanye amangqamuzana egazi noma ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi lakho, ngakho-ke awakwazi ukujija kahle. Lokhu kungaholela nasekulahlekelweni kwegazi okuyingozi.

Izinkinga zePlatelet ngokuyinhloko zofuzo, okusho ukuthi zizuzwe njengefa. Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zifaka:

Isifo seVon Willebrand

Isifo se-Von Willebrand yisifo esivame kakhulu ukuphuma kwegazi.Kubangelwa ukuntuleka kweprotheni esiza igazi lakho, elibizwa nge-von Willebrand factor (VWF).

I-hemophilia

I-Hemophilia mhlawumbe yisifo esaziwa kakhulu sokuvala igazi. Kwenzeka cishe njalo kwabesilisa. Inkinga enkulu ye-hemophilia ukuphuma ngokweqile nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kungaba ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle komzimba wakho. Ukopha kungaqala ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ukwelashwa kufaka i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-desmopressin yohlobo olumnene u-A, olungakhuthaza ukukhishwa kokuncipha kokunciphisa okuningana, kanye nokufakwa kwegazi noma i-plasma yezinhlobo B no-C

I-thrombocythemia eyinhloko

I-thrombocythemia eyinhloko isifo esingajwayelekile esingaholela ekwandeni kwegazi. Lokhu kukubeka engcupheni enkulu yokushaywa unhlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo. Lesi sifo senzeka lapho umnkantsha wakho ukhiqiza amaplatelets amaningi kakhulu.

Iziphazamiso zomsebenzi weplatelet ezitholakele

Izidakamizwa ezithile nezimo zezokwelapha nakho kungathinta ukusebenza kwama-platelet. Qiniseka ukuthi uxhumanisa yonke imishanguzo yakho nodokotela wakho, ngisho nangaphezulu kwamanani owakhethile. ICanada Hemophilia Association (CHA) ixwayisa ngokuthi le mithi ejwayelekile elandelayo ingathinta ama-platelet, ikakhulukazi uma ithathwa isikhathi eside.

• i-aspirin
• anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs)
• amanye ama-antibiotic
• izidakamizwa zenhliziyo
• abahlinza igazi
• imishanguzo
• izinzwa zokubulala izinzwa
• ama-antihistamine

Ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana e-Plasma

Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezifo ezithinta amangqamuzana e-plasma, uhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi emzimbeni wakho enza amasosha omzimba. Lawa maseli abaluleke kakhulu emandleni omzimba wakho ukugwema ukutheleleka nezifo.

Iseli leplasma myeloma

I-Plasma cell myeloma ngumdlavuza wegazi ongajwayelekile okhula kumaseli e-plasma emnkantsheni wethambo. Amaseli e-plasma amabi aqoqana emnkantsheni wethambo bese enza izicubu ezibizwa umagazine, ngokuvamile emathanjeni afana nomgogodla, okhalweni, noma izimbambo. Amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile akhiqiza amasosha omzimba angajwayelekile abizwa ngama-monoclonal (M) protein. Lawa maprotheni akha emnkantsheni wethambo, aminyanise amaprotheni anempilo. Lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni kwegazi nezinso. Imbangela ye-plasma cell myeloma ayaziwa.

Kutholakala kanjani ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi?

Udokotela wakho angalawula ukuhlolwa okuningana, kufaka phakathi inani eliphelele legazi (i-CBC) ukubona ukuthi mangaki uhlobo ngalunye lweseli legazi onalo. Udokotela wakho angaphinde ahlele i-biopsy marrow biopsy ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini amaseli angavamile akhula emnkantsheni wakho. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukususa inani elincane lomnkantsha wethambo ukuze lihlolwe.

Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa zokuphazamiseka kwamaseli egazi?

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luncike embangela yokugula kwakho, iminyaka yakho, kanye nesimo sakho sempilo jikelele. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa inhlanganisela yokwelashwa ukusiza ukulungisa isifo sakho segazi.

Imithi

Ezinye izinketho ze-pharmacotherapy zifaka phakathi imishanguzo efana ne-Nplate (romiplostim) yokukhuthaza umnkantsha wethambo ukuthi ukhiqize amaplatelet amaningi kwisifo seplatelet. Ngokuphazamiseka kwamaseli amhlophe egazi, ama-antibiotic angasiza ekulweni nezifo. Izithako zokudla ezifana ne-iron ne-vitamin B-9 noma i-B-12 zingaphatha i-anemia ngenxa yokushoda. I-Vitamin B-9 ibizwa nangokuthi i-folate, futhi i-vitamin B-12 yaziwa nangokuthi i-cobalamin.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo kungalungisa noma kushintshe umongo owonakele. Lokhu kubandakanya ukudlulisa amaseli ama-stem, imvamisa evela kumnikeli, aye emzimbeni wakho ukusiza umnkantsha wakho uqale ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi ajwayelekile. Ukumpontshelwa igazi kungenye indlela yokukusiza ukuthi ubuyisele amaseli egazi alahlekile noma alimele. Ngesikhathi sokumpontshelwa igazi, uthola ukumiliselwa kwegazi elinempilo kusuka kumnikeli.

Zombili izinqubo zidinga izindlela ezithile ukuze ziphumelele. Abaxhasi bamnkantsha wethambo kumele bahambisane noma basondele ngangokunokwenzeka kuphrofayili yakho yofuzo. Ukumpontshelwa igazi kudinga umuntu onikela ngohlobo lwegazi oluhambisanayo.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Izinhlobonhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana egazi kusho ukuthi isipiliyoni sakho sokuhlala nenye yalezi zimo singahluka kakhulu komunye umuntu. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyizindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuqinisekisa ukuthi uphila impilo enempilo futhi egcwele ngokugula kweseli.

Imiphumela emibi eyahlukene yokwelashwa iyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu. Cwaninga ngezinketho zakho, bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuthola ukwelashwa okulungele wena.

Ukuthola iqembu lokusekela noma umeluleki ozokusiza ukubhekana nanoma yikuphi ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo ngokuba nenkinga yeseli yegazi nakho kuyasiza.