Ukuhlolwa Kwegesi Legazi

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi?
• Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngegazi?
• Ziyini izingozi zokuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi?
• Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi?
• Ukuhumusha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi?

Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi kukala inani le-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide egazini. Ingasetshenziselwa ukunquma i-pH yegazi, noma ukuthi i-asidi kangakanani. Isivivinyo saziwa kakhulu njengokuhlaziywa kwegesi yegazi noma i-arterial blood gas (ABG) test.

Amaseli akho abomvu athutha umoya-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide emzimbeni wakho wonke. Lezi zaziwa njengamagesi egazi.

Njengoba igazi lidlula emaphashini akho, umoya-mpilo ugelezela egazini ngenkathi i-carbon dioxide igeleza iphume egazini iye emaphashini. Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi kungacacisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho akwazi kanjani ukuhambisa umoya-mpilo egazini futhi asuse isikhutha ekhondweni.

Ukungalingani kwamazinga e-oxygen, i-carbon dioxide, ne-pH yegazi lakho kungakhombisa ukuba khona kwezimo ezithile zezokwelapha. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ukwehluleka kwezinso
• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• isifo sikashukela esingalawulwa
• ukopha
• ubuthi bamakhemikhali
• ukweqisa izidakamizwa
• ukushaqeka

Udokotela wakho anga-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi lapho ukhombisa izimpawu zanoma iyiphi yalezi zimo. Ukuhlolwa kudinga ukuqoqwa kwesilinganiso esincane segazi emthanjeni. Kuyindlela ephephile nelula ethatha kuphela imizuzu embalwa ukuyiphothula.

Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngegazi?

Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi kunikeza ukulinganiswa okuqondile kwamazinga e-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi amaphaphu nezinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani.

Lesi isivivinyo esisetshenziswa kakhulu esimeni sesibhedlela ukuthola ukuphathwa kweziguli ezigula kakhulu. Ayinayo indima ebaluleke kakhulu esimweni sokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, kepha ingasetshenziswa kubhu yasebenza yamaphaphu noma emtholampilo.

Udokotela wakho anga-oda ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi uma ukhombisa izimpawu ze-oxygen, i-carbon dioxide, noma ukungalingani kwe-pH. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukudideka
• isicanucanu

Lezi zimpawu zingaba yizimpawu zezimo ezithile zezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi i-asthma nesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD).

Udokotela wakho futhi angalawula ukuhlolwa kwegazi uma besola ukuthi uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• isifo samaphaphu
• isifo sezinso
• isifo se-metabolic
• ukulimala ekhanda noma entanyeni okuthinta ukuphefumula

Ukubona ukungalingani kwe-pH yakho kanye namazinga egesi egazi kungasiza nodokotela wakho ukuthi aqaphe ukwelashwa kwezimo ezithile, njengezifo zamaphaphu nezinso.

Ukuhlolwa kwegesi egazini kuvame uku-oda kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa kweglucose okunjalo ukuhlola amazinga kashukela egazini nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-creatinine ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso.

Ziyini izingozi zokuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi?

Njengoba ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi kungadingi isampula enkulu yegazi, kubhekwa njengenqubo enobungozi obuncane.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele uhlale utshela udokotela wakho ngezimo zezokwelapha ezikhona ezingakwenza wophe ngaphezu kokulindelekile. Kufanele futhi ubatshele ukuthi ngabe uthatha noma imiphi imithi ongayisebenzisa ekhawunteni noma kadokotela, njengokuncipha kwegazi, okungathinta ukopha kwakho.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ehambisana nokuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi ifaka:

• ukopha noma ukulimaza endaweni yokubhoboza
• ngizizwe ngiphela amandla
• ukuqoqwa kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba
• ukutheleleka endaweni yokubhoboza

Tshela udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi engalindelekile noma ende.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi?

Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi kudinga ukuqoqwa kwesampula encane yegazi. Igazi le-arterial lingatholwa emthanjeni engalweni yakho, engalweni, noma emgodini, noma kulayini we-arterial ovele ukhona uma okwamanje usesibhedlela. Isampula yegesi yegazi nayo ingaba yinyongo, kusuka emthanjeni noma ku-preexisting IV noma kwi-capillary, edinga ukubhoboza okuncane esithendeni.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzoqala abulale indawo yokujova ngomuthi wokubulala amagciwane. Uma sebethole umthambo, bazofaka inaliti emthanjeni bese bedonsa igazi. Ungase uzizwe uhlaba kancane lapho inaliti ingena. Imithambo inezendlalelo zemisipha ebushelelezi kunemithambo, futhi abanye bangathola ukuhlolwa kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi kubuhlungu kakhulu kunokukhishwa kwegazi emthanjeni.

Ngemuva kokuthi inaliti isusiwe, uchwepheshe uzobamba ingcindezi imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokufaka ibhandishi phezu kwesilonda sokubhoboza.

Isampula legazi lizobe selihlaziywa ngumshini ophathekayo noma kwilabhorethri esendaweni. Isampula kufanele lihlaziywe kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-10 yenqubo ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokuhlolwa onembile.

Ukuhumusha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi ingasiza udokotela wakho ukuxilonga izifo ezahlukahlukene noma anqume ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzisebenzela kahle kanjani izimo ezithile, kufaka phakathi izifo zamaphaphu. Kubonisa nokuthi ngabe umzimba wakho unxephezela ukungalingani yini noma cha.

Ngenxa yamandla okunxeshezelwa kwamanye amanani azodala ukulungiswa kwamanye amanani, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu ohumusha umphumela abe ngumhlinzeki wezempilo oqeqeshiwe onolwazi lokuchazwa kwegesi ngegazi.

Izinyathelo zokuhlola:

• Igazi le-arterial pH, okukhombisa inani le-hydrogen ions egazini. I-pH engaphansi kuka-7.0 ibizwa ngokuthi i-acidic, kanti i-pH enkulu kuno-7.0 ibizwa nge-basic, noma i-alkaline. I-pH yegazi ephansi ingakhombisa ukuthi igazi lakho line-asidi kakhulu futhi linamazinga aphezulu e-carbon dioxide. I-pH ephezulu yegazi ingakhombisa ukuthi igazi lakho liyisisekelo futhi linezinga eliphakeme le-bicarbonate.
• IBicarbonate, okuyikhemikhali esiza ukuvimbela i-pH yegazi ekubeni ne-esidi kakhulu noma eyisisekelo kakhulu.
• Ingcindezi kancane oksijini, okuyisilinganiso sengcindezi yomoya-mpilo oncibilikiswe egazini. Inquma ukuthi i-oxygen ikwazi kanjani ukugeleza kahle isuka emaphashini iye egazini.
• Ukucindezela okuncane kwe-carbon dioxide, okuyisilinganiso sengcindezi yesikhutha esincibilika egazini. Inquma ukuthi i-carbon dioxide ikwazi kanjani ukuphuma kahle emzimbeni.
• Ukugcwaliswa komoya-mpilo, okuyisilinganiso senani le-oxygen ethwalwa yi-hemoglobin esemangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi.

Ngokuvamile, amanani ajwayelekile afaka:

• i-arterial blood pH: 7.38 kuya ku-7.42
• i-bicarbonate: Ama-milliequivalents angama-22 kuya kwangu-28 ngelitha
• ingcindezi ngokwengxenye yomoya-mpilo: 75 kuya ku-100 mm Hg
• ingcindezi ngokwengxenye ye-carbon dioxide: 38 kuya ku-42 mm Hg
• ukugcwaliswa komoya-mpilo: Amaphesenti angama-94 kuya kwayi-100

Amazinga eoksijini egazi akho angaphansi uma uhlala ngaphezu kolwandle.

Amanani ajwayelekile azoba nebanga lesethenjwa elihluke kancane uma evela kusampula ye-venous noma ye-capillary.

Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingaba yizimpawu zezimo ezithile zezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi nalezi ezithebula elilandelayo:

Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile nezingajwayelekile zingahluka ngokuya ngelebhu ngoba ezinye zisebenzisa izilinganiso noma izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlaziya amasampula egazi.

Kufanele uhlangane njalo nodokotela wakho ukuze nixoxe kabanzi ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho. Bazokwazi ukukutshela uma udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe nokuthi uzodinga noma yikuphi ukwelashwa.