Ingabe Uhlobo Lwegazi Luthinta Ukuhambisana Komshado?

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zegazi?
• Ukuhambisana kwegazi kukuthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa?
• Rh factor nokukhulelwa
• Kuphathwa kanjani ukungahambisani kwe-Rh?
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi phakathi kwabalingani
• Zivame kangakanani izinhlobo ezehlukene zegazi?
• Ingabe uhlobo lwegazi luyakuthinta ukuhambisana kobuntu?
• Ukuthatha

Uhlobo lwegazi alunamthelela emandleni akho okuba nokugcina umshado ojabulayo, nonempilo. Kunokunye ukukhathazeka ngokuhambisana kohlobo lwegazi uma uhlela ukuba nezingane ezizalayo nomlingani wakho, kepha kunezinketho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ezingasiza ukulwa nalezi zingozi.

Kungumqondo omuhle ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lomlingani wakho uma kwenzeka kuba nesimo esiphuthumayo, noma kunjalo. Futhi, ngokuya ngohlobo lwegazi lakho nozakwenu, ungakwazi ngisho nokunikela ngegazi kubo esimweni esiphuthumayo.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngohlobo lwegazi, nokuthi lungathinta kanjani umshado wakho.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zegazi?

Wonke umuntu unohlobo lwegazi. Kunezigaba ezine ezinkulu zegazi:

• A
• B
• O
• AB

Lawa maqembu ahluka kakhulu ebukhoneni noma ekungabikho kwama-antigen angakhuthaza impendulo yomzimba.

Ngaphezu kwalawa maqembu amane, iphrotheni ebizwa nge-Rh factor engaba khona (+) noma ingekho (-) eqenjini ngalinye. Lokhu kuqhubeka kuchaza amaqembu egazi abe yizinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ezivamile:

• A +
• A-
• B +
• B-
• O +
• O-
• AB +
• AB-

Uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyinto oyizuza njengefa, ngakho-ke kunqunywa kusengaphambili lapho kuzalwa. Awukwazi ukushintsha uhlobo lwegazi lakho kamuva empilweni.

Ukuhambisana kwegazi kukuthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa?

Ukuhambisana eqenjini legazi kukhathaza kuphela imibhangqwana uma ngabe ukukhulelwa kubandakanyeka lapho bobabili abalingani bengabazali begazi. Lokho kungenxa yesici se-RH.

I-Rh factor yiprotheni ezuzwe njengefa, ngakho-ke ukuba yi-Rh negative (-) noma i-Rh positive (+) kunqunywa ngabazali bakho. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu yi-Rh positive.

Ukuba ne-Rh okuhle noma okungakhi kahle akuthinti impilo yakho, kepha kungathinta ukukhulelwa kwakho.

Rh factor nokukhulelwa

I-Rh factor ingakhathazeka uma umama ophilayo engu-Rh- futhi ingane ingu-Rh +. Amaseli egazi asuka enganeni ye-Rh + enqamula egazini likanina we-Rh angadala impendulo yomzimba. Umzimba kamama ungakha amasosha omzimba ahlasele amangqamuzana egazi abomvu e-Rh + engane.

Ekuvakasheni kwakho kokuqala kokubeletha, udokotela wakho uzophakamisa uhlobo lwegazi nokuhlolwa kwe-Rh factor. Uma uyi-Rh-, udokotela wakho uzohlola igazi lakho futhi emuva kwesikhathi ekukhulelweni kwakho ukuze abone ukuthi ngabe wenze amasosha omzimba alwa ne-Rh factor. Lokho kuzokhombisa ukuthi ingane yakho iyi-Rh +.

Uma udokotela wakho ekhomba ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukungahambelani kwe-Rh, ukukhulelwa kwakho kuzobhekwa ngokucophelela kunoma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene futhi kungadinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.

Yize igazi lakho negazi lomntanakho ngokujwayelekile lingahlangani ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, inani elincane legazi lengane yakho kanye negazi lakho kungahlangana ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Uma kunokungahambisani kwe-Rh futhi lokhu kwenzeka, umzimba wakho ungakhiqiza ama-antibodies e-Rh alwa ne-Rh factor.

La ma-antibody ngeke abangele izinkinga enganeni ye-Rh + ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala. Kepha zingadala izingqinamba uma ukhulelwe futhi uphethe enye ingane eyi-Rh +.

Uma bekunokungahambisani kwe-Rh ekukhulelweni kokuqala, futhi kunokungahambisani kwe-Rh ekukhulelweni kwesibili nakwezinye ezizayo, la magciwane omama angalimaza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu omntwana. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ingane yakho ingadinga ukumpontshelwa iseli elibomvu egazini noma ngabe ukhulelwe noma ngemuva nje kokubeletha.

Kuphathwa kanjani ukungahambisani kwe-Rh?

Uma kutholakala ukungahambisani kwe-Rh, udokotela wakho ngokunokwenzeka angancoma i-Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM) enyangeni yakho yesikhombisa yokukhulelwa, bese ubuye futhi kungakapheli amahora angama-72 ngemuva kokubeletha uma uhlobo lwegazi lomntanakho luqinisekiswa njenge-Rh oluthe xaxa lapho ubeletha.

I-Rh immune globulin iqukethe i-Rh IgG antibody, ngakho umzimba wakho awusabeli kumaseli e-Rh omntanakho sengathi ayinto yangaphandle, futhi umzimba wakho ngeke ukhiqize ama-antibodies ayo e-Rh.

Ukumpontshelwa igazi phakathi kwabalingani

Izinhlobo zegazi ezihambisanayo zingaba wusizo uma wena noma umlingani wakho nidinga ukumpontshelwa igazi. Abantu abangenazo izinhlobo zegazi ezihambisanayo abakwazi ukunikela ngegazi komunye nomunye. Ukumpontshelwa uhlobo olungalungile lomkhiqizo wegazi kungaholela ekusabeleni okunobuthi okungabulala.

Ukukwazi ukuhlinzeka ngegazi elidingekayo kumlingani wakho nodaba lwezokwelapha kungahle kungabi yisaphulelo semibhangqwana eminingi, kepha kungaba yinto enhle uma kuba nesimo esiphuthumayo.

Ngokusho kwe-American Red Cross:

• Uma unegazi lohlobo AB +, ungumamukeli wendawo yonke futhi ungathola amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kubo bonke abanikeli.
• Uma une-O-blood yohlobo, ungumnikeli womhlaba wonke futhi unganikela ngamaseli abomvu egazi kunoma ngubani.
• Uma unegazi lohlobo A, ungathola uhlobo A noma uthayiphe O amaseli abomvu egazi.
• Uma unegazi lohlobo B, ungathola uhlobo B noma uthayiphe amaseli abomvu egazi O.

I-Rh + noma i-Rh-blood inganikezwa labo abayi-Rh +, kepha uma uyi-Rh-, ungathola kuphela i-Rh-blood.

Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuba sesimweni sokunikela ngegazi kumlingani wakho, qiniseka ukuthi wena nalowo ozoshada naye ninazo izinhlobo zegazi ezihambisanayo.

Zivame kangakanani izinhlobo ezehlukene zegazi?

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwegazi lakho, kungaba lula noma kube nzima kakhulu ukuthola umlingani ongaba nohlobo lwegazi oluhambisanayo. Ngokuya ngeStanford School of Medicine, e-United States:

• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi O + bamele cishe i-37.4% yabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi O- bamele cishe abantu abangu-6.6% babantu abadala.
• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi A + bamele cishe i-35.7% yabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi A- bamele cishe u-6.3% wabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi B + bamelela cishe u-8.5% wabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi B- bamele cishe i-1.5% yabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi u-AB + bamele cishe abantu abangu-3.4% wabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi AB- bamele cishe u-0.6% wabantu abadala.

Ingabe uhlobo lwegazi luyakuthinta ukuhambisana kobuntu?

EJapan, kunombono wobuntu bohlobo lwegazi owaziwa ngokuthi ketsueki-gata. Umbono uthi izinhlobo zegazi ziyinkomba ebalulekile yobuntu bomuntu. Kwethulwa ngawo-1920 ngudokotela wezengqondo uTokeji Furukawa.

UKetsueki-gata uphakamisa ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwegazi lunezici ezithile zobuntu:

• Thayipha A: kuhleleke kahle
• Uhlobo B: ubugovu
• Thayipha O: unethemba
• Thayipha AB: eccentric

Ngokuya ngalezi zici, umbono uphakamisa ukuthi ukufana kohlobo lwegazi kungenzeka kakhulu kuholele emshadweni ojabulisayo:

• O Owesilisa × Owesifazane
• Owesilisa × Owesifazane
• O Owesilisa × B Owesifazane
• O Owesilisa × O Owesifazane

IKetsueki-gata ilandisa kuphela ubudlelwano phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Akulandisi ngobunikazi bobulili obuwela ngaphandle kwebhanari yabesilisa nabesifazane, njenge-genderqueer, i-bigender, nokunye okungahlosiwe.

Ngokwengeziwe, ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-2015, akukho ukuvumelana okungokwesayensi kwanoma yibuphi ubudlelwano phakathi kwezici zobuntu noma ukuhambisana komshado namaqembu egazi.

Ukuthatha

Ukuhambisana kweqembu legazi emshadweni kukhawulelwe ekungahambelani kwe-Rh factor ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Futhi lokho kukhawulelwe ekukhulelweni lapho bobabili abalingani kungabazali bemvelo.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona zokungahambelani kwe-Rh zikhonjwa kalula futhi ziqashwe, futhi kunezindlela zokwelashwa zemiphumela emihle. Ukuhambisana kwe-Rh factor akufanele kuthinte ikhono lakho lokuba nomshado ojabulayo, onempilo, noma wokuba nezingane ezinempilo nomlingani wakho.

Kunabantu abathile, njengabalandeli beJapan ketsueki-gata, abahlanganisa izinhlobo zegazi nezici ezithile zobuntu. Kepha lezo zinhlangano azisekelwa ucwaningo lomtholampilo olwamukelwayo.

Kukhona nemibhangqwana eyazisa ukuhambisana kweqembu legazi ngamathuba okuhlinzeka ngokumpontshelwa igazi kumlingani wabo.