Usakazeka Kuphi Umdlavuza Webele?

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele ophindaphindiwe
• Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza webele we-metastatic?
• Amathambo
• Isibindi
• Amaphaphu
• Ubuchopho
• Yini ebangela umdlavuza webele we-metastatic?
• Ukuhlonza umdlavuza webele we-metastatic
• Ukwelapha umdlavuza webele we-metastatic
• Ukuthatha
• Ungakwazi yini ukuvimbela umdlavuza webele we-metastatic?

Umdlavuza webele ungasakazekela kuphi?

Umdlavuza we-Metastatic umdlavuza osakazeka engxenyeni ehlukile yomzimba kunalapho uvela khona. Kwezinye izimo, umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi ususabalale ngesikhathi sokutholakala kokuqala. Ngezinye izikhathi, umdlavuza ungasakazeka ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala.

Isibonelo, umuntu olashelwe umdlavuza webele webanga lokuqala angaphinde atholakale enomdlavuza ophindayo wendawo noma wesifunda noma umdlavuza webele we-metastatic. Umdlavuza ojwayelekile ngumdlavuza obuya emuva kokwelashwa kwakho kokuqala.

I-Metastasis nokuphindaphinda kwendawo noma kwesifunda kungenzeka cishe nazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

Izindawo zemastastasis ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza webele yilezi:

• amathambo
• isibindi
• amaphaphu
• ubuchopho

Umdlavuza webele we-Metastatic uthathwa njengomdlavuza osezingeni eliphakeme. I-Cancer metastasis noma ukuphindaphinda kwendawo noma kwesifunda kungenzeka izinyanga kuya eminyakeni ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala komdlavuza webele.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele ophindaphindiwe

Umdlavuza webele ungahle ubuye endaweni, esifundeni noma kude.

Umdlavuza webele ophindayo kwenzeka lapho kuvela isimila esisha esifubeni esasithintekile ekuqaleni. Uma isifuba sisusiwe, isimila singakhula odongeni lwesifuba noma esikhunjeni esiseduze.

Umdlavuza webele ophindayo kwenzeka esifundeni esifanayo nomdlavuza wokuqala. Endabeni yomdlavuza webele, lokhu kungaba ama-lymph node ngaphezulu kwe-collarbone noma ekhwapheni.

Umdlavuza webele ophindaphindiwe webele kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza eya engxenyeni ehlukile yomzimba. Le ndawo entsha ikude kakhulu nomdlavuza wokuqala. Lapho umdlavuza ubuyela kude, kubhekwa njengomdlavuza we-metastatic.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza webele we-metastatic?

Akuwona wonke umuntu onomdlavuza webele we-metastatic obhekana nezimpawu. Lapho izimpawu zenzeka, zingahluka.Izimpawu zincike endaweni ye-metastasis nobukhulu bayo.

Amathambo

I-metastasis emathanjeni ingadala ubuhlungu obukhulu bethambo.

Isibindi

I-Metastasis esibindini ingadala:

• i-jaundice, noma ukuphuzi kwesikhumba kanye nabamhlophe bamehlo
• ukulunywa
• ubuhlungu besisu
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza

Amaphaphu

I-Metastasis emaphashini ingadala:

• ukukhwehlela okungapheli
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukukhathala
• ukuphelelwa umoya

Ubuchopho

I-metastasis ebuchosheni ingadala:

• ubuhlungu obukhulu bekhanda noma ingcindezi ekhanda
• ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• inkulumo engahambi kahle
• izinguquko ebuntwini noma ekuziphatheni
• isithuthwane
• ubuthakathaka
• ukuba ndikindiki
• ukukhubazeka
• inkathazo ngokulinganisela noma ukuhamba

Izimpawu ezingacacisi ezingahambisana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza webele we-metastatic zifaka:

• ukukhathala
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• ukuncipha komzimba
• imfiva

Ezinye izimpawu kungenzeka ukuthi azibangelwa umdlavuza uqobo, kodwa ukwelashwa okungenzeka ukuthi uyakuthola. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangakwazi ukuncoma ukwelashwa ukunciphisa izimpawu ezithile.

Yini ebangela umdlavuza webele we-metastatic?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele kuhloswe ngakho ukuqeda noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angahlala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa okungenzeka kubandakanya imisebe, ukwelashwa kwamahomoni, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa okuqondisiwe.

Kwezinye izimo, amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza asinda kulezi zindlela zokwelashwa. Lawa maseli omdlavuza angahle aphume esihlahleni sokuqala. Lawa maseli abese eya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngezinhlelo zokujikeleza kwegazi noma ze-lymphatic.

Lapho amaseli esezinze ndawana thile emzimbeni, anethuba lokwakha isimila esisha. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokushesha noma kuthuthuke eminyakeni ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala.

Ukuhlonza umdlavuza webele we-metastatic

Kusetshenziswa izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala komdlavuza webele we-metastatic. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-MRI
• Iskena se-CT
• Ama-X-ray
• ukuskena amathambo
• izicubu zomzimba

Ukwelapha umdlavuza webele we-metastatic

Alikho ikhambi lomdlavuza webele we-metastatic. Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezihlose ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka okuqhubekayo, ukunciphisa izimpawu, nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi nobude bempilo. Imithi yokwelashwa ihlukile.

Kuya ngohlobo nobungako bokuphindeka, uhlobo lomdlavuza, ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini okutholakele, nempilo yakho yonke. Izinketho zokwelashwa zingafaka:

• ukwelashwa kwama-hormone komdlavuza webele we-estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive), okuluhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza webele
• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• imithi ekhomba amaprotheni athile kumaseli omdlavuza ukumisa ukukhula, kwesinye isikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe
• izidakamizwa zokwakha amathambo ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bamathambo nokwandisa amandla amathambo
• ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• ukuhlinzwa

I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yavuma ukuthi i-drug palbociclib (Ibrance) ngo-2015 isetshenziswe ngokubambisana ne-aromatase inhibitor. Le nhlanganisela isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza webele we-ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic web in women postmenopausal.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kumdlavuza webele one-hormone zibandakanya:

• ama-modulators we-estrogen receptor akhethiwe
• i-fulvestrant (Faslodex)
• everolimus (Afinitor)
• I-PARP inhibitor, efana ne-olaparib (Lynparza)
• izidakamizwa zokucindezela ama-ovari
• ukukhishwa kwesibeletho ukuvimba ama-ovari ekukhiqizeni i-estrogen

Ngaphezu kwe-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele we-HER2-positive ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa okubhekiswe ku-HER2 njenge:

• i-pertuzumab (Perjeta)
• i-trastuzumab (Herceptin)
• i-ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla)
• i-lapatinib (iTykerb)

Ukuthatha

Ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelashwa ozoqhubekela phambili nayo kudinga imininingwane kanye nokucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Yize kufanele usebenze nodokotela wakho ukuqonda izinketho zakho, ukukhetha ekugcineni kukuwe. Njengoba ucabanga ngamathuba, gcina lawa macebiso engqondweni:

• Ungajahi kunoma yini. Thatha isikhathi ukubheka ukukhetha kwakho, bese uthola umbono wesibili uma kudingeka.
• Letha umuntu othile lapho uya kudokotela wakho. Bhala amanothi noma ubuze udokotela wakho ukuthi ungarekhoda yini ukuvakasha kwakho. Lokhu kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awukhohlwa noma yini okuxoxwa ngayo.
• Buza imibuzo. Cela udokotela wakho achaze zonke izinzuzo ezingaba khona, ubungozi, kanye nemiphumela engemihle ehambisana nokwelashwa ngakunye.
• Cabanga ngesivivinyo somtholampilo. Thola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuvivinywa kwemitholampilo ongakufanelekela. Kungase kube nenketho yokwelashwa kokuhlola etholakalayo yomdlavuza wakho othize.

Yize ukuthola ukuxilongwa komdlavuza webele we-metastatic kungakhungathekisa, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelashwa ezingasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila. Yize ingekho imishanguzo yokwelapha yamanje, abanye besifazane bazophila iminyaka eminingi ngomdlavuza webele we-metastatic.

Ucwaningo lokuthi ungamisa kanjani ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, ukukhulisa amasosha omzimba, nokuphazamisa i-metastasis yomdlavuza kuyaqhubeka, futhi izindlela ezintsha zokwelashwa zingatholakala ngokuzayo.

Ungakwazi yini ukuvimbela umdlavuza webele we-metastatic?

Ayikho indlela ecacile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza wakho ngeke uphinde uphinde usebenze noma ukwelashwa ngemuva kokwelashwa, kodwa kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ezinganciphisa ubungozi bakho.

Lezi zinyathelo zifaka:

• ukugcina isisindo esinempilo
• ukuyeka ukubhema
• ukuhlala usebenza
• ukudla izithelo nemifino emisha (okungenani izinkomishi ezi-2/2 nsuku zonke), imidumba, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, izinkukhu nezinhlanzi
• ukunciphisa ukudla kwakho inyama ebomvu futhi udla kuphela inyama ebomvu ebomvu kancane
• ukugwema ukudla okusetshenzisiwe noshukela
• ukunciphisa ukunciphisa utshwala kwisiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku kwabesifazane