Isifo sokuqina kwesibindi

-Delile

• Ikhula kanjani i-cirrhosis
• Izimbangela ezivamile zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi
• Izimpawu zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi
• Ixilongwa kanjani i-cirrhosis
• Izinkinga ezivela ku-cirrhosis
• Ukwelashwa kwe-cirrhosis
• Ukuvimbela ukuqina kwesibindi

Ukubuka konke

I-Cirrhosis yisibazi esinzima sesibindi nokungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi okubonwa ezigabeni zokugcina zesifo esingalapheki sesibindi. Isibazi sivame ukubangelwa ukuvezwa ubuthi besikhathi eside njengotshwala noma ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Isibindi sisehlangothini olungaphezulu kwesokudla sesisu ngaphansi kwezimbambo. Inemisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile yomzimba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukukhiqiza i-bile, esiza umzimba wakho ukumunca amafutha ekudleni, i-cholesterol, namavithamini A, D, E, no-K
• ukugcina ushukela namavithamini okuzosetshenziswa kamuva ngumzimba
• ukuhlanza igazi ngokususa ubuthi obufana notshwala namagciwane ohlelweni lwakho
• ukudala amaprotheni okuvala igazi

Ngokusho kweNational Institutes of Health (NIH), i-cirrhosis iyimbangela yeshumi nambili yokufa ngenxa yezifo e-United States. Kungenzeka ukuthi ithinte abesilisa kunabesifazane.

Ikhula kanjani i-cirrhosis

Isibindi siyisitho esiqinile kakhulu futhi imvamisa siyakwazi ukuvuselela amaseli alimele. I-Cirrhosis ikhula lapho izinto ezilimaza isibindi (njengotshwala nezifo ezingamagciwane ezingalapheki) zikhona isikhathi eside. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isibindi siyalimala futhi sinezibazi. Isibindi esinesibazi asikwazi ukusebenza kahle, futhi ekugcineni lokhu kungaholela ekuthini isifo sokuqina kwesibindi.

I-Cirrhosis ibangela ukuthi isibindi sinciphe futhi siqine. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngegazi eligcwele izakhamzimba ukugelezela esibindini kusuka emthanjeni we-portal. I-portal vein ithwala igazi lisuka ezithweni zokugaya liye esibindini. Ingcindezi emthanjeni we-portal iyakhuphuka lapho igazi lingakwazi ukudlulela esibindini. Umphumela wokugcina yisimo esibi esibizwa nge-portal hypertension, lapho umthambo uba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Umphumela omubi we-portal hypertension ukuthi lolu hlelo lokucindezela okuphezulu lubangela isipele, okuholela kuma-esophageal varices (njengemithambo ye-varicose), engaqhuma futhi yophe.

Izimbangela ezivamile zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-cirrhosis e-United States ukutheleleka isikhathi eside kwe-virus ye-hepatitis C nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala okungapheli. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nakho kuyimbangela yesifo sokuqina kwesibindi, yize kungenjalo njengokudakwa ngokweqile noma isifo sokusha kwesibindi sohlobo C. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungaba yingozi ngokwakho, noma kuhlangene nokuluthwa utshwala ne-hepatitis C.

Ngokusho kwe-NIH, i-cirrhosis ingaqala kubantu besifazane abaphuza iziphuzo ezingaphezu kwezimbili ngosuku ngosuku (kufaka phakathi ubhiya newayini) iminyaka eminingi. Kwabesilisa, ukuphuza iziphuzo ezingaphezu kwezintathu ngosuku ngeminyaka kungababeka engcupheni yesifo sokuqina kwesibindi. Kodwa-ke, inani lihlukile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu owake waphuza ngaphezu kweziphuzo ezimbalwa uzoba nesifo sokuqina kwesibindi. I-cirrhosis ebangelwa utshwala imvamisa ingumphumela wokuphuza njalo ngaphezu kwale mali esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyi-10 noma eyi-12.

IHepatitis C ingangenwa ngokuya ocansini noma ngokuchayeka egazini noma kwimikhiqizo yegazi elinegciwane. Kungenzeka ukuvezwa egazini elinegciwane ngokusebenzisa izinaliti ezingcolisiwe zanoma yimuphi umthombo, kufaka phakathi ukudweba umzimba, ukubhoboza, ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, kanye nokwabelana ngezinaliti. I-Hepatitis C ayidluliswa ngokumpontshelwa igazi e-United States ngenxa yezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlolwa kwebhange legazi.

Ezinye izimbangela zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi zihlanganisa:

• I-Hepatitis B: I-Hepatitis B ingadala ukuvuvukala kwesibindi nomonakalo okungaholela ekuthini isifo sokuqina kwesibindi.
• I-Hepatitis D: Lolu hlobo lwe-hepatitis nalo lungadala ukuqina kwesibindi. Kuvame ukubonakala kubantu asebevele benesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B.
• Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa isifo se-autoimmune: I-autoimmune hepatitis ingaba nembangela yofuzo. Ngokusho kwe-American Liver Foundation, cishe amaphesenti angama-70 abantu abane-hepatitis ezenzakalelayo ngabesifazane.
• Ukulimala kwamapayipi e-bile, asebenza ukukhipha i-bile: Isibonelo esisodwa salesi simo i-cirrhosis eyinhloko ye-biliary.
• Ukuphazamiseka okuthinta amandla omzimba okuphatha i-iron nethusi: Izibonelo ezimbili yi-hemochromatosis nesifo sikaWilson.
• Imithi: Imithi ehlanganisa ukubhalwa phansi kanye nezidakamizwa ezingaphezulu kwamakhompiyutha njenge-acetaminophen, amanye ama-antibiotic, kanye namanye ama-anti-depressants, kungaholela ku-cirrhosis.

Izimpawu zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi

Izimpawu zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi zenzeka ngoba isibindi asikwazi ukuhlanza igazi, sichitha ubuthi, sikhiqize amaprotheni ajiyisayo, futhi sisize ngokumunca amafutha namavithamini ancibilika ngamafutha. Imvamisa azikho izimpawu kuze kube ukuthuthuka sekuthuthukile. Ezinye zezimpawu zifaka:

• ukuncipha kokudla
• ukuphuma kwamakhala emakhaleni
• i-jaundice (ukushintsha kombala okuphuzi)
• imithambo emincane emise okwesicabucabu ngaphansi kwesikhumba
• ukuncipha komzimba
• i-anorexia
• isikhumba esilumayo
• ubuthakathaka

Izimpawu ezimbi kakhulu zifaka:

• ukudideka nobunzima bokucabanga kahle
• ukuvuvukala kwesisu (ascites)
• ukuvuvukala kwemilenze (i-edema)
• ukungabi namandla
• i-gynecomastia (lapho abesilisa beqala ukuthuthukisa izicubu zamabele)

Ixilongwa kanjani i-cirrhosis

Ukuxilongwa kwe-cirrhosis kuqala ngomlando oningiliziwe nokuhlolwa komzimba. Udokotela wakho uzothatha umlando ophelele wezokwelapha. Umlando ungaveza ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala isikhathi eside, ukuvezwa yi-hepatitis C, umlando womndeni wezifo ezizimele, noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kungakhombisa izimpawu ezinjengalezi:

• isikhumba esiphaphathekile
• amehlo aphuzi (i-jaundice)
• izintende ezibomvu
• ukuthuthumela kwesandla
• isibindi esikhulisiwe noma ubende
• amasende amancane
• izicubu zebele ezeqile (emadodeni)
• ukunciphisa ukuqapha

Izivivinyo zingaveza ukuthi isibindi sesonakele kangakanani. Ezinye zezivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwe-cirrhosis yilezi:

• ukubala okuphelele kwegazi (ukuveza ukuntuleka kwegazi)
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-coagulation (ukubona ukuthi amahlule egazi ashesha kanjani)
• i-albumin (ukuhlola iprotheni ekhiqizwa esibindini)
• ukuhlolwa kwesibindi
• i-alpha fetoprotein (ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibindi)

Ukuhlolwa okungeziwe okungahlola isibindi kufaka:

• i-endoscopy ephezulu (ukubona ukuthi ama-esophageal varices akhona)
• ukuskena kwe-ultrasound kwesibindi
• I-MRI yesisu
• I-CT scan yesisu
• isibindi se-biopsy (ukuhlolwa okucacile kwe-cirrhosis)

Izinkinga ezivela ku-cirrhosis

Uma igazi lakho lingakwazi ukudlula esibindini, lidala ukulondolozwa kweminye imithambo njengaleyo esemzimbeni. Lesi sipele sibizwa ngokuthi ama-esophageal varices. Le mithambo ayakhelwanga ukubhekana nengcindezi ephezulu, bese iqala ukuphuma ekugelezeni kwegazi okwengeziwe.

Ezinye izinkinga ezivela ku-cirrhosis zifaka:

• ukulimaza (ngenxa yokubalwa kweplatelet ephansi kanye / noma ukuvala okungavumelekile)
• ukopha (ngenxa yokwehla kwamaprotheni wokuvala)
• ukuzwela emithini (isibindi sisebenza ngemithi emzimbeni)
• ukwehluleka kwezinso
• umdlavuza wesibindi
• ukumelana ne-insulin kanye nohlobo 2 sikashukela
• i-hepatic encephalopathy (ukudideka ngenxa yemiphumela yobuthi begazi ebuchosheni)
• ama-gallstones (ukuphazanyiswa ukugeleza kwe-bile kungadala ukuthi i-bile iqine futhi yakhe amatshe)
• i-esophageal varices
• ubende obukhulisiwe (splenomegaly)
• i-edema nama-ascites

Ukwelashwa kwe-cirrhosis

Ukwelashwa kwe-cirrhosis kuyahluka ngokuya ngokuthi kubangelwa yini nokuthi isifo sesithuthuke kangakanani. Ezinye izindlela udokotela wakho angakuyala zihlanganisa:

• ama-beta blocker noma ama-nitrate (we-portal hypertension)
• ukuyeka ukuphuza (uma i-cirrhosis ibangelwa utshwala)
• izinqubo zokubopha (ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuphuma kwegazi kuma-esophageal varices)
• ama-antibiotics afakwa emithanjeni (ukwelapha i-peritonitis engenzeka ngama-ascites)
• i-hemodialysis (ukuhlanza igazi lalabo abahluleka ukusebenza ngezinso)
• i-lactulose kanye ne-protein ephansi yokudla (ukwelapha i-encephalopathy)

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuyindlela yokugcina, lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zehluleka.

Zonke iziguli kumele ziyeke ukuphuza utshwala. Imithi, ngisho nangaphezulu kwamanani, akufanele ithathwe ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.

Ukuvimbela ukuqina kwesibindi

Ukuya ocansini oluphephile namakhondomu kunganciphisa ubungozi bokuthola i-hepatitis B noma i-C. I-U.S. Incoma ukuthi zonke izinsana nabantu abadala abasengozini (njengabahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nabasebenzi bezokutakula) bagonyelwe i-hepatitis B.

Ukuba umuntu ongaphuzi, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco nokuvivinya umzimba ngokwanele kungavimbela noma kwehlise ukuqina kwesibindi. I-World Health Organisation ibika ukuthi amaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangama-30 kuphela abantu abangenwe yisifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B abazoba nomdlavuza wesibindi noma wesibindi. INational Institute of Health ibika ukuthi amaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwangama-20 abantu abangenwe yisifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C bazokwelashwa yisifo sokuqina kwesibindi esikhathini esiyiminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengu-30.

Funda le ndatshana ngeSpanishi.