Yini isifo sokucindezela ngokweqile (OCD) nezimpawu eziyinhloko

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungaqinisekisa kanjani
• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) ukugula kwengqondo okubonakala ngokuba khona kwezinhlobo ezimbili zokuziphatha:

• Ukuqaphela: kuyimicabango engafanele noma engajabulisi, ephindaphindayo nephikelelayo, evela ngendlela engadingeki, edala ukukhathazeka nokuhlupheka, njenge, isibonelo, ngezifo, izingozi noma ukulahlekelwa ngabantu obathandayo;
• Ukuphoqeleka: yizindlela zokuziphatha eziphindaphindwayo noma izenzo zengqondo, njengokugeza izandla, ukuhlela izinto, ukubheka izingidi, ukuthandaza noma ukutshela, okungenakugwenywa, ngoba ngaphezu kokuba yindlela yokwehlisa ukukhathazeka, umuntu ukholelwa ukuthi kukhona okubi okungenzeka uma kungenjalo yenza.

Lesi sifo singaveza amaphethini ahlukile kumuntu ngamunye, njengoba kuhlotshaniswa nokwesaba ukungcoliswa, isidingo sokuhlolwa okuphindaphindwayo noma ukugcina ukulinganisa, ngokwesibonelo.

Yize kungelona ikhambi, ukwelashwa kwe-OCD kuyakwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo izimpawu ezimeni eziningi, ngokuqapha ngokwengqondo nangokwengqondo, kusetshenziswa imishanguzo yokulwa nokucindezelwa kanye nohlobo lokwelashwa olwaziwa njenge-cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Ezinye zezimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko zokuphazamiseka okuphoqelela ngokweqile, zifaka:

• Ukukhathazeka njalo ngenhlanzeko, nokukhathazwa ubukhona bokungcola, amagciwane noma ukungcola;
• Ungathinti izinto ezithile ngaphandle kokugeza izandla ngemuva kwalokho, noma uvikele izindawo ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokungcola noma izifo;
• Geza izandla zakho noma ugeze kaningi emini;
• Buyekeza njalo amawindi, iminyango noma igesi;
• Ukukhathazeka ngokweqile ngokuqondaniswa, ukuhleleka noma ukulinganisa kwezinto;
• Sebenzisa kuphela izingubo, izesekeli noma izinto zombala othile noma ngephethini ethile;
• Ukukholelwa ezeni ngokweqile, njengokungayi ezindaweni ezithile noma ukudlulisa izinto, ngokwesaba ukuthi kuzokwenzeka into embi;
• Ukuba nengqondo kuvame ukungena ngemicabango engafanele noma engajabulisi, njengokugula, izingozi noma ukulahlekelwa ngabantu obathandayo;
• Gcina izinto ezingenamsebenzi, ezinjengamabhokisi angenalutho, iziqukathi ze-shampoo noma amaphephandaba namaphepha.

Izimpawu okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla nazo zingahambisana nokuziphatha okuphindaphindwayo umuntu azizwa ukuthi kudingeka akwenze, ekuphenduleni ukukhathazeka, okungukuthi, uma umuntu ezizwa ekhathazwa ubukhona bokungcola (ukuthatheka) uzogcina egeze izandla kaningana izikhathi zilandelana (ukuphoqelelwa).

Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-OCD, futhi noma ngubani angathuthuka, kodwa-ke, kunezici eziningana, ezingabumbana ndawonye ezinganquma ukuvela kwayo, njenge-genetics, izici zengqondo, njengokufunda okungalungile nezinkolelo ezisontekile, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile noma ukucindezelwa, noma imfundo etholakele.

Ungaqinisekisa kanjani

Ukuthola ukuthi unayo yini i-OCD, udokotela wezifo zengqondo uzokwenza ukuhlaziywa komtholampilo futhi akhombe ubukhona bezimpawu zokukhathazeka nokuphoqeleka, okuvame ukuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora elilodwa ngosuku, futhi kubangele ukuhlupheka noma ukulimala empilweni yomuntu yenhlalo noma yobungcweti.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi lezo zimpawu azenzeki ngenxa yokusebenzisa noma imuphi umuthi, izidakamizwa noma ubukhona besifo, futhi azenzeki ngenxa yokuba khona kwesinye isifo sengqondo, njengokukhathazeka okujwayelekile, umzimba i-dysmorphic disorder, i-accumulation disorder, i-excoriation disorder, i-trichotillomania noma ukuphazamiseka kokudla, i-schizophrenia noma i-depression.

Lezi zimpawu nezimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu noma zikhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi, uma i-OCD iba nzima, ingaphazamisa kakhulu imisebenzi yomuntu yansuku zonke, yehlise ukusebenza esikoleni noma emsebenzini, isibonelo. Ngakho-ke, phambi kokuziphatha okukhombisa lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuya ekubonisaneni nodokotela wezifo zengqondo, ukuthola ukuxilongwa okulungile kanye nenkomba yokwelashwa okufanele.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Okuqukethwe yimicabango noma ukuphoqelelwa komuntu one-OCD kungahluka kuye ngomuntu, futhi kungaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuphoqelelwa kokuqinisekisa: umuntu uzizwa enesidingo esiphoqelekile sokubheka nokuqinisekisa okuthile, njengendlela yokugwema ukulimala, okufana nomlilo noma ukuvuza. Okunye kokuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu kubalwa isitofu, igesi, ompompi bamanzi, i-alamu yendlu, izingidi, amalambu endlu, isikhwama semali noma isikhwama semali, umzila wendlela, ukufuna izifo nezimpawu kwi-intanethi noma ukuzihlola.
• Ukuthambekela kokungcola: kunesidingo esingalawuleki sokuhlanza noma ukugeza, nokugwema ukungcoliswa nokungcola. Ezinye izibonelo zigeza izandla zakho kaningana ngosuku, ukungakwazi ukubingelela abanye noma ukuya ezindaweni ezinjengezindlu zokugezela zomphakathi noma ukwamukela amahhovisi ezokwelapha, ngokwesaba ukuthola amagciwane, ngaphezu kwesidingo sokuhlanza indlu ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ikhishi nendawo yokugezela;
• Ukuphoqeleka kwe-Symmetry: kudingeka silungise njalo ukuma kwezinto, njengezincwadi, ngaphezu kokufisa ukuthi konke kuhlelwe ngokulandelana kwamamilimitha, njengokugcina izingubo nezicathulo ngephethini efanayo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kube nokulinganisa phakathi kokuthintwa noma kwamaqhubu, njengokuthinta ngesandla sokudla lokho okwakudlalwa ngakwesobunxele noma okuphambene nalokho;
• Ukubala noma ukuphindaphinda okuphoqelelwe: lokhu kungukuphindaphindwa kwengqondo, njengezibalo ezingadingekile nokwehlukana, ukuphinda lesi senzo izikhathi eziningi usuku lonke;
• Ukukhathazeka okunamandla: kulezi zimo, abantu besaba ngokweqile ukwenza izinto zokuxhamazela, ezivela emicabangweni, njengokulimaza, ukubulala noma ukulimaza umuntu noma wena ngokwakho, ungahlosile. Le micabango idala usizi oluningi, futhi kujwayelekile ukugwema ukuba wedwa noma ukuphatha izinto ezithile, ezifana nemimese noma isikele, ungazethembi;
• Ukuqongelela Ukuqongelela: ukungakwazi ukulahla ezinye izimpahla, ezithathwa njengezingenamsebenzi, njengokupakisha, ama-invoice amadala, amaphephandaba noma ezinye izinto.

Kukhona nezinye izigaba ezahlukahlukene, ezibandakanya izinhlobo zokuphoqelelwa njengokukhafula, ukuthinta izandla, ukuthinta, ukudansa noma ukuthandaza, ngokwesibonelo, noma ukukhathazeka, njengamagama, izithombe noma umculo ongaphazamisi futhi ophindayo.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kokuphazamiseka okuphoqelela ngokweqile kuqondiswa ngudokotela wezifo zengqondo, ngokufakwa kwemithi elwa nokudangala, njengeClomipramine, iParoxetine, iFluoxetine noma iSertraline.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi ube nokwelashwa kokuqonda ngokuziphatha noma ngeqembu nodokotela wezengqondo, ngoba kusiza umuntu ukuthi abhekane nokwesaba kwakhe futhi kwenza ukukhathazeka kunyamalale kancane kancane, kanye nokukhuthaza ukulungiswa kwemicabango nezinkolelo ezisontekile. Bheka imininingwane eminingi yokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-OCD kwenziwa kanjani.