Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal: kuyini, izimpawu, izimbangela nokuhlinzwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Kungani kwenzeka ithimba le-retinal
• Lapho kunesidingo sokuhlinzwa

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal yisimo esiphuthumayo lapho i-retina ihlukaniswe khona nendawo efanele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ingxenye ye-retina iyayeka ukuxhumana nongqimba lwemithambo yegazi ngemuva kweso, ngakho-ke i-retina iyayeka ukuthola inani elidingekayo legazi ne-oxygen, okungaholela ekufeni kwezicubu nobumpumputhe.

Ngokuvamile, ukutholwa kwe-retinal kuvame kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-50, ngenxa yokuguga, noma kunjalo, kungenzeka nasezigulini ezisencane eziye zashaywa ekhanda noma esweni, ezinesifo sikashukela noma ezinenkinga ngeso, njenge-glaucoma.

Ukutholakala kwe-retina kuyelapheka ngokuhlinzwa, kepha ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu ukuvimbela i-retina ekungeneni umoya-mpilo isikhathi eside, okuholela ezinkingeni ezingapheli. Ngakho-ke, noma nini lapho kusolwa khona iqembu le-retinal, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya ngokushesha kudokotela wezifo zamehlo noma esibhedlela.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu ezingakhombisa ukutholakala kwe-retinal yilezi:

• Amabala amnyama amancane, afana nezinwele zezinwele, avela emkhakheni wombono;
• Ukukhanya kokukhanya okuvela ngokuzumayo;
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle esweni;
• Umbono ofiphele kakhulu;
• Ithunzi elimnyama elimboza ingxenye yenkambu yokubuka.

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela ngaphambi kwesigaba se-retinal futhi, ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela wezifo zamehlo ngokushesha ukuze uhlolwe ngokuphelele iso futhi uqale ukwelashwa okufanele, ugweme izinkinga ezinkulu, ezifana nokungaboni.

Bona ukuthi kungaba yini ama-specks amancane entanta emkhakheni wokubuka.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ezimweni eziningi ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo kuphela ngokuhlolwa kweso, lapho kungenzeka khona ukubheka emuva kweso, noma kunjalo, ezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga, njenge-ocular ultrasound noma i-fundus examination, nazo zingadingeka.

Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono yokuqinisekisa ubukhona beqembu le-retinal ukubonisana nodokotela wezifo zamehlo.

Kungani kwenzeka ithimba le-retinal

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal kwenzeka lapho i-vitreous, ewuhlobo lwejel etholakala ngaphakathi kweso, ikwazi ukuphunyuka futhi iqoqane phakathi kwe-retina nangemuva kweso. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ngeminyaka yokuguga, ngakho-ke, ukutholwa kwe-retinal kuvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50, kepha kungenzeka nakwabantu abasha abane:

• Kwenziwe uhlobo oluthile lokuhlinzwa kwamehlo;
• Ulimale iso;
• Ukuvuvukala kaningi kweso.

Kulezi zimo, i-retina ingahle ibe mncane futhi ibe mncane futhi ekugcineni iphuke, ivumele i-vitreous ukuba iqoqane ngemuva bese idala iqembu.

Lapho kunesidingo sokuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa ukuphela kwendlela yokwelashwa kwe-retinal detachment futhi, ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzwa kudinga ukwenziwa noma nini lapho kutholakala ukuthi kutholakala ukutholakala kwe-retinal dislocation.

Ngokuya ngokuthi ngabe sekukhona yini iqembu le-retinal noma uma kukhona izinyembezi zamehlo kuphela, uhlobo lokuhlinzwa lungahluka:

• Laser: i-ophthalmologist isebenzisa i-laser kwi-retina ekhuthaza ukwelashwa kwezinyembezi ezincane okungenzeka ukuthi zavela;
• I-Cryopexy: udokotela ufaka i-anesthesia esweni bese ngosizo lwedivayisi encane iqhwa ulwelwesi olungaphandle lweso, ukuvala noma yiziphi izikhala ezikwi-retina;
• Ukujova umoya noma igesi esweni: kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia futhi, kulolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa, udokotela ususa i-vitreous enqwabelene ngemuva kwe-retina. Bese ufaka umoya noma igesi esweni ukuthatha indawo ye-vitreous bese uphusha i-retina endaweni yayo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, i-retina iyaphilisa futhi umoya, noma igesi, iyangena futhi esikhundleni sayo kufakwe inani elisha lama-vitreous.

Esikhathini sokuhlinzwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwethimba le-retinal, kuvamile ukuzwa ukungaphatheki kahle, ukuba bomvu nokuvuvukala esweni, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-7. Ngaleyo ndlela, udokotela uvame ukunquma amaconsi wamehlo ukukhulula izimpawu kuze kufike ukuvakashelwa kokubuyekeza.

Ukutholwa kweqembu elihlanganisa ukubukeka kwethina kuncike ebucayi beqembu, futhi ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho kube khona ukuhlukaniswa kwengxenye emaphakathi ye-retina, isikhathi sokutakula singathatha amasonto ambalwa kanti umbono kungenzeka ungafani kwakungaphambi kwalokho.