Ingabe Kufanele Ngisebenzise Amaphilisi Esifo Sikashukela noma i-Insulin?

-Delile

• Yimaphi amaphilisi atholakalayo okwelapha isifo sikashukela?
• Ama-Biguanides
• I-Sulfonylureas
• Meglitinides
• Abongile
• I-Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
• I-Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
• I-Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
• I-insulin isetshenziswa kanjani ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela?
• Isirinji
• Ipeni
• Umjovo weJet
• Umfakisi we-insulin noma itheku
• Iphampu ye-insulin
• Amaphilisi esifo sikashukela kuqhathaniswa ne-insulin
• Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

NgoMeyi 2020, okunconywayo ukuthi abanye abenzi be-metformin enwetshiwe bakhiphe amanye amaphilisi abo emakethe yase-U.S. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga elingamukeleki le-carcinogen (i-agent ebangela umdlavuza) itholakale kwamanye amaphilisi e-metformin akhululwa isikhathi eside. Uma okwamanje uthatha lo muthi, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Bazokweluleka ngokuthi ngabe kufanele uqhubeke nokudla imishanguzo yakho noma uma udinga incwadi kadokotela entsha.

Isifo sikashukela sithinta indlela umzimba wakho osebenzisa ngayo i-glucose. Ukwelashwa kuya ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela onalo.

Kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, amanyikwe akho ayayeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin - i-hormone esiza ukulawula i-glucose, noma ushukela, egazini lakho. Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela luqala ngokumelana ne-insulin. Ama-pancreas akho awasakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele noma awayisebenzisi kahle.

Yonke iseli emzimbeni wakho isebenzisa i-glucose ukuthola amandla. Uma i-insulin ingenzi umsebenzi wayo, i-glucose iyakheka egazini lakho. Lokhu kudala isimo esibizwa nge-hyperglycemia. Iglucose yegazi ephansi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-hypoglycemia. Kokubili kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.

Yimaphi amaphilisi atholakalayo okwelapha isifo sikashukela?

Izinhlobo zamaphilisi zingelapha isifo sikashukela, kodwa azikwazi ukusiza wonke umuntu. Zisebenza kuphela uma amanyikwe akho esakhipha i-insulin ethile, okusho ukuthi abakwazi ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Amaphilisi awasebenzi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 lapho amanyikwe eyekile ukwenza i-insulin.

Abanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili bangazuza ngokusebenzisa yomibili imithi kanye ne-insulin. Amanye amaphilisi okwelapha isifo sikashukela afaka:

Ama-Biguanides

IMetformin (iGlucophage, iFortamet, iRiomet, iGlumetza) iyi-biguanide. Yehlisa inani le-glucose ekhiqizwa isibindi sakho futhi ikhulise ukuzwela kwe-insulin. Kungabuye kuthuthukise amazinga e-cholesterol futhi kungakusiza ulahlekelwe isisindo esincane.

Abantu bavame ukuyithatha kabili ngosuku ngokudla. Ungathatha inguqulo ekhishiwe enwetshiwe kanye ngosuku.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ibandakanya:

• isisu esibuhlungu
• isicanucanu
• ukuqunjelwa
• igesi
• isifo sohudo
• ukulahlekelwa ukudla kwesikhashana

Kungadala ne-lactic acidosis, engajwayelekile kepha ebucayi.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ukhathazekile ngemiphumela emibi yanoma imuphi umuthi obekiwe wesifo sikashukela.

I-Sulfonylureas

I-Sulfonylureas yimithi esebenza ngokushesha esiza amanyikwe ukukhipha i-insulin ngemuva kokudla. Kubandakanya:

• i-glimepiride (Amaryl)
• i-glyburide (i-Diabeta, i-Glynase PresTabs)
• i-glipizide (iGlucotrol)

Abantu bavame ukuthatha le mithi kanye ngosuku ngokudla.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ibandakanya:

• isicanucanu
• isifo sohudo
• ikhanda
• isiyezi
• ukucasuka
• ushukela wegazi ophansi
• isisu esibuhlungu
• ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
• ukuzuza kwesisindo

Meglitinides

I-Repaglinide (Prandin) neNateglinide (Starlix) yi-meglitinides. IMeglitinides ivuselela ngokushesha amanyikwe ukukhipha i-insulin ngemuva kokudla. Kufanele njalo uthathe i-repaglinide ngokudla.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ibandakanya:

• ushukela wegazi ophansi
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• ikhanda
• ukuzuza kwesisindo

Abongile

I-Rosiglitazone (Avandia) ne-pioglitazone (Actos) yi-thiazolidinediones. Kuthathwa ngasikhathi sinye usuku ngalunye, kwenza umzimba wakho uzwele kakhulu kwi-insulin. Kungakhuphula futhi ne-cholesterol yakho ye-HDL (enhle).

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ibandakanya:

• ikhanda
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• ukugcinwa koketshezi
• ukuvuvukala
• ukuphuka

Le mithi futhi inyusa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi uma usuvele usengozini.

I-Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors

Ama-DPP-4 inhibitors asiza ukuzinzisa amazinga e-insulin futhi wehlise ukuthi umzimba wakho wenza iglucose engakanani. Abantu bazithatha kanye ngosuku.

Kubandakanya:

• linagliptin (i-Tradjenta)
• i-saxagliptin (i-Onglyza)
• sitagliptin (Januvia)
• i-alogliptin (Nesina)

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ibandakanya:

• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• ikhala eligcwele
• ikhanda
• ukutheleleka okuphezulu okuphefumulayo
• isisu esibuhlungu
• isifo sohudo

I-Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

I-Acarbose (Precose) ne-miglitol (Glyset) yi-alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Zibambezela ukuwohloka kwama-carbohydrate egazini. Abantu bawathatha ekuqaleni kokudla.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ibandakanya:

• isisu esibuhlungu
• igesi
• isifo sohudo
• ubuhlungu besisu

I-Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors

Ama-inhibitors e-SGLT2 asebenza ngokumisa izinso ekuvuseleleni kabusha i-glucose. Zingasiza futhi ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi futhi zikusize wehlise isisindo.

Eminye yale mithi ihlanganiswe yaba yiphilisi elilodwa.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• i-canagliflozin (i-Invokana)
• dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
• empagliflozin (Jardiance)
• I-ertuglifozin (Steglatro)

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ingafaka:

• ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo
• imvubelo izifo
• ukoma
• ikhanda
• Umphimbo obuhlungu

I-insulin isetshenziswa kanjani ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela?

Udinga i-insulin ukuze uphile. Uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, uzodinga ukuthatha i-insulin nsuku zonke. Kuzodingeka futhi ukuthi uwuthathe uma unohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 futhi umzimba wakho ungakhiqizi ngokwanele uwedwa.

I-insulin esheshayo noma esebenza isikhathi eside iyatholakala. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzodinga zombili izinhlobo ukugcina i-glucose yegazi lakho ilawulwa.

Ungathatha i-insulin ngezindlela eziningana:

Isirinji

Ungathatha imijovo usebenzisa inaliti ejwayelekile kanye nesirinji ngokulayisha i-insulin esirinji. Ngemuva kwalokho, uyifaka ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, ujikeleze isiza njalo.

Ipeni

Izibaya ze-insulin zilula kakhulu kunenaliti ejwayelekile. Zithandiwe futhi azibuhlungu kangako ukuzisebenzisa kunenaliti ejwayelekile.

Umjovo weJet

I-insulin jet injector ifana nepeni. Ithumela isifutho se-insulin esikhunjeni sakho usebenzisa umoya ophakeme kunenaliti.

Umfakisi we-insulin noma itheku

Umuthi we-insulin noma itheku yishubhu elincane olifaka ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, elibanjelwe endaweni yokunamathisela noma yokugqoka, lapho ingahlala khona izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kuyindlela enhle uma ufuna ukugwema izinaliti. Ujova i-insulin kumbhobho esikhundleni sokungena ngqo esikhunjeni sakho.

Iphampu ye-insulin

Iphampu ye-insulin yinto encane, engasindi oyigqoka ebhande lakho noma oyiphatha ephaketheni lakho. I-insulin esitsheni ingena emzimbeni wakho ngenaliti encane ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho. Ungayihlelela ukuletha ukwanda kwe-insulin noma umthamo ozinzile usuku lonke.

Amaphilisi esifo sikashukela kuqhathaniswa ne-insulin

Imvamisa akuyona indaba yamaphilisi noma i-insulin. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza isincomo ngokuya ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela onaso, ukuthi unesikhathi esingakanani unaso, nokuthi wenza i-insulin engakanani ngokwemvelo.

Kungaba lula ukuthatha amaphilisi kune-insulin, kodwa uhlobo ngalunye luza nemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Kungathatha isilingo nephutha elincane ukuthola okukusebenzela kangcono. Amaphilisi angayeka ukusebenza noma ngabe asebenze isikhathi esithile.

Uma uqala ngamaphilisi kuphela futhi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sakho sibi, ungadinga ukusebenzisa i-insulin futhi.

I-insulini nayo iba nezingozi. Ukweqisa noma okuncane kakhulu kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu. Kuzofanele ufunde ukuthi ungasiqapha kanjani isifo sikashukela sakho futhi wenze ukulungisa lapho kudingeka.

Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma uma kufanele uthathe i-insulin, usuvele uyazi ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi ubheke amazinga eglucose egazi lakho ngokucophelela futhi ulungise i-insulin yakho ngokufanele.

Buza udokotela wakho ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuletha i-insulini futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ubika izigaxa, izigaxa kanye nokuqubuka esikhunjeni sakho kudokotela wakho.

Uma udokotela wakho ekubeka iphilisi, nayi imibuzo embalwa ongafuna ukuyibuza:

• Yini injongo yalo muthi?
• Kufanele ngiyigcine kanjani?
• Kufanele ngiyithathe kanjani?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona futhi yini engenziwa ngayo?
• Kufanele ngihlole kangaki amazinga wami we-glucose?
• Ngizokwazi kanjani ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza?

Le mithi yenzelwe ukuba yingxenye yohlelo lokwelashwa jikelele olubandakanya ukuzivocavoca nokukhetha ngokucophelela kokudla.