Kuyini ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa?

-Delile

• Kungani ukwaliwa yizidakamizwa kwenzeka?
• Ingabe ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa kuhlale kuyingozi?
• Ukusabela okufana nokwaliwa
• Yiziphi izidakamizwa ezidala ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa?
• Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemiphumela emibi kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa?
• Ingabe welashwa kanjani umuthi?
• Ama-antihistamine
• Ama-Corticosteroids
• Ama-Bronchodilators
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside womuntu onalesi sifo?
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho

Isingeniso

Ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa kuwukuphikisana nomuthi othile. Ngokuzwela komzimba, amasosha akho omzimba, alwa nokutheleleka nezifo, ayasabela kumuthi. Lokhu kusabela kungadala izimpawu ezifana nokuqubuka, umkhuhlane, nenkinga yokuphefumula.

Ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa akuvamile. Ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-5 kuye kwayishumi okuphendula okungalungile kwezidakamizwa kubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba wangempela. Konke okunye imiphumela emibi yomuthi. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi unenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa nokuthi wenzeni ngakho.

Kungani ukwaliwa yizidakamizwa kwenzeka?

Amasosha omzimba wakho akusiza ukukuvikela ezifweni. Yenzelwe ukulwa nabahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe njengamagciwane, amabhaktheriya, izimuncagazi nezinye izinto eziyingozi.Ngokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa, amasosha akho omzimba enza iphutha kumuthi ongena emzimbeni wakho ngenxa yalaba bahlaseli. Ukuphendula lokho ecabanga ukuthi kuyingozi, amasosha akho omzimba aqala ukwenza amasosha omzimba. Lawa amaprotheni akhethekile ahlelelwe ukuhlasela umhlaseli. Kulokhu, bahlasela lesi sidakamizwa.

Le mpendulo yokuzivikela komzimba iholela ekuvukeleni okwandayo, okungadala izimpawu ezinjengokuqubuka, umkhuhlane noma inkinga yokuphefumula. Impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba kungenzeka okokuqala ngqa lapho uphuza umuthi, noma kungahle kube ngemuva kokuthi uwuthathe kaningi ungenankinga.

Ingabe ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa kuhlale kuyingozi?

Hhayi njalo. Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa zingaba mnene kangangokuthi awuziqapheli. Ungase ungahlangabezani nalutho ngaphandle kokuqubuka okuncane.

Ukungezwani nezidakamizwa okunzima, noma kunjalo, kungasongela impilo. Kungadala i-anaphylaxis. I-Anaphylaxis ukusabela okungazelelwe, okusongela impilo, komzimba wonke kumuthi noma kwesinye isifo. Ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic kungenzeka ngemuva kwemizuzu ngemuva kokuthatha lesi sidakamizwa. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ngaphakathi kwamahora ayi-12 wokuthatha lesi sidakamizwa. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ukuvuvukala
• ukuquleka

I-Anaphylaxis ingabulala uma ingelashwa ngokushesha. Uma unezinye zezimpawu ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi, funa othile ashayele u-911 noma aye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze.

Ukusabela okufana nokwaliwa

Ezinye izidakamizwa zingadala ukusabela kohlobo lwe-anaphylaxis okokuqala lapho zisetshenziswa. Izidakamizwa ezingadala ukusabela okufana ne-anaphylaxis zifaka:

• morphine
• i-aspirin
• ezinye izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy
• odayi abasetshenziswa kwamanye ama-X-ray

Lolu hlobo lokuphendula ngokuvamile alubandakanyi amasosha omzimba futhi akuyona into yokungezwani komzimba yangempela. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kuyefana ne-anaphylaxis yangempela, futhi kuyingozi.

Yiziphi izidakamizwa ezidala ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa?

Izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene zinemiphumela ehlukile kubantu. Lokho kusho ukuthi ezinye izidakamizwa zivame ukudala ukusabela okweqile kunezinye. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ama-antibiotic afana ne-penicillin kanye ne-sulfa antibiotics njenge-sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim
• i-aspirin
• imishanguzo yokulwa nokuvuvukala, njenge-ibuprofen
• ama-anticonvulsants afana ne-carbamazepine ne-lamotrigine
• izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ekwelashweni kwe-monoclonal antibody efana ne-trastuzumab ne-ibritumomab tiuxetan
• izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy ezifana ne-paclitaxel, i-docetaxel, ne-procarbazine

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemiphumela emibi kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa?

Ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa kuthinta kuphela abantu abathile. Ihlala njalo ifaka amasosha omzimba futhi njalo ibangela imiphumela emibi.

Kodwa-ke, imiphumela emibi ingavela kunoma imuphi umuntu othatha umuthi. Futhi, ngokuvamile akubandakanyi amasosha omzimba. Umphumela oseceleni yinoma isiphi isenzo somuthi-esiyingozi noma esiwusizo - esingahlobene nomsebenzi oyinhloko wesidakamizwa.

Isibonelo, i-aspirin, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlungu, ivame ukudala umphumela oyingozi wesisu. Kodwa-ke, futhi inomphumela owusizo wokunciphisa izingozi zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi. I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol), nayo esetshenziselwa izinhlungu, nayo ingadala ukulimala kwesibindi. Futhi i-nitroglycerin, esetshenziselwa ukunweba imithambo yegazi nokwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwegazi, ingahle ithuthukise ukusebenza kwengqondo njengomphumela oseceleni.

Ingabe welashwa kanjani umuthi?

Ukulawula kanjani ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa kuya ngokuthi kubi kangakanani. Ngokusabela okweqile komzimba kumuthi, uzodinga ukugwema umuthi ngokuphelele. Udokotela wakho mhlawumbe uzozama ukufaka esikhundleni somuthi esinye esihlukile ongezwani naso.

Uma unokungazwani okuncane kokungezwani komzimba nomuthi, udokotela wakho usengakunikeza wona. Kepha bangaphinde banikeze omunye umuthi wokusiza ukulawula ukusabela kwakho. Imithi ethile ingasiza ukuvimba ukuphendula komzimba kanye nokunciphisa izimpawu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Ama-antihistamine

Umzimba wakho wenza i-histamine lapho icabanga ukuthi into ethile, njenge-allergen, iyingozi. Ukukhishwa kwe-histamine kungadala izimpawu zomzimba ezifana nokuvuvukala, ukulunywa, noma ukucasuka. I-antihistamine ivimba ukukhiqizwa kwe-histamine futhi ingasiza ukwehlisa lezi zimpawu zokuphendula okweqile. Ama-antihistamine eza njengamaphilisi, amaconsi wamehlo, okhilimu kanye nezifutho zamakhala.

Ama-Corticosteroids

Ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa kungadala ukuvuvukala kwemigwaqo yakho yomoya nezinye izimpawu ezinkulu. ICorticosteroids ingasiza ekwehliseni ukuvuvukala okuholela kulezi zinkinga. AmaCorticosteroids eza njengamaphilisi, izifutho zamakhala, amaconsi wamehlo, nokhilimu. Ziza futhi njengempuphu noma uketshezi okusetshenziselwa i-inhaler kanye noketshezi lokujova noma lokusetshenziswa ku-nebulizer.

Ama-Bronchodilators

Uma ukungezwani komzimba nomuthi wakho kubangela ukuvunguza noma ukukhwehlela, udokotela wakho angancoma i-bronchodilator. Lesi sidakamizwa sizosiza ukuvula imigwaqo yakho yomoya futhi senze ukuphefumula kube lula. Ama-bronchodilators angena kwifomu eliwuketshezi kanye ne-powder ukuze lisetshenziswe ku-inhaler noma ku-nebulizer.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside womuntu onalesi sifo?

Amasosha akho omzimba angashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukungezwani komzimba kwakho kuzokwenza buthakathaka, kuphele, noma kube kubi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile njalo ukulandela imiyalo kadokotela wakho yokuthi ungaphatha kanjani umuthi. Uma bekutshela ukuthi ugweme lesi sidakamizwa noma izidakamizwa ezifanayo, qiniseka ukwenza njalo.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho

Uma unezinye izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa noma eminye imiphumela emibi evela emithini oyiphuzayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho khona manjalo.

Uma wazi ukuthi unenkinga yokungezwani nomuthi, thatha lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Qiniseka ukuthi utshela bonke abahlinzeki bakho bezokwelapha. Lokhu kufaka udokotela wamazinyo wakho nanoma yimuphi omunye umhlinzeki wokunakekelwa ongahle akunikeze umuthi.
• Cabanga ukuphatha ikhadi noma ukufaka isongo noma umgexo okhomba ukungezwani komzimba nomuthi wakho. Esimeni esiphuthumayo, lolu lwazi lungasindisa impilo yakho.

Buza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo ongayithola mayelana nokungezwani komzimba kwakho. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Uhlobo luni lokungazwani nezinto okufanele ngilufune lapho ngithatha lo muthi?
• Ingabe zikhona ezinye izidakamizwa okufanele ngizibalekele ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba kwami?
• Ngabe kufanele ngibe nezidakamizwa ezandleni uma kwenzeka ngiphendula okuthile okweqile?