I-hemoglobin electrophoresis: iyini, yenziwa kanjani nokuthi yenzelwe ini
-Delile
I-Hemoglobin electrophoresis iyindlela yokuxilonga ehlose ukukhomba izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-hemoglobin ezitholakala zijikeleza egazini. IHemoglobin noma i-Hb yiprotheni ekhona kumaseli abomvu egazi abhekele ukubopha umoya-mpilo, ivumela ukuthuthwa kwezicubu. Funda kabanzi nge-hemoglobin.
Kusukela ekuhlonzweni kohlobo lwe-hemoglobin, kungenzeka ukubheka ukuthi ngabe umuntu unaso yini isifo esihlobene nokwenziwa kwe-hemoglobin, njenge-thalassemia noma i-sickle cell anemia, ngokwesibonelo. Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kubalulekile ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ze-hematological kanye ne-biochemical.
Yenzelwe ini
I-hemoglobin electrophoresis iyacelwa ukuthi ikhombe izinguquko ezakhiwayo nezisebenzayo ezihlobene nokuhlanganiswa kwe-hemoglobin. Ngakho-ke, kunganconywa udokotela ukuthi ahlolisise i-sickle cell anemia, isifo se-hemoglobin C futhi ahlukanise i-thalassemia, isibonelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungacelwa ngenhloso yokweluleka ngofuzo imibhangqwana efuna ukuthola izingane, ngokwesibonelo, ukwaziswa uma kunethuba lokuthi ingane izoba nohlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kwegazi okuhlobene nokwenziwa kwe-hemoglobin. I-Hemoglobin electrophoresis nayo ingalawulwa njengesivivinyo esijwayelekile sokuqapha iziguli esezivele zitholakale zinezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hemoglobin.
Endabeni yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin lutholakala ngokuhlolwa kwesithende, okubalulekile ekutholeni i-sickle cell anemia, isibonelo. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izifo ezitholwa ukuhlolwa kwesithende.
Kwenziwa kanjani
I-hemoglobin electrophoresis yenziwa ngokuqoqwa kwesampula segazi ngungcweti oqeqeshwe elabhorethri ekhethekile, ngoba ukuqoqwa okungalungile kungaholela ku-hemolysis, okungukuthi, ukubhujiswa kwamaseli abomvu egazi, okungaphazamisa umphumela. Qonda ukuthi igazi liqoqwa kanjani.
Ukuqoqwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzila kwesiguli okungenani amahora ama-4 kanye nesampula elithunyelwe ukuyohlolwa elabhoratri, lapho kutholakala khona izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin ezikhona esigulini. Kwamanye ama-laboratories, akudingekile ukuthi uzile ukudla ukuze uqoqwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ufune ukuqondiswa elabhorethri nakudokotela mayelana nokuzila ukudla ukuze uhlolwe.
Uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin lukhonjwa yi-electrophoresis ku-alkaline pH (cishe ngo-8.0 - 9.0), okuyindlela esuselwa ezingeni lokufuduka kwe-molecule lapho itholakala kumandla kagesi, ngokubona kwamabhande ngokobukhulu nosayizi i-molecule. Ngokuya ngephethini yebhendi etholakele, kuqhathaniswa kwenziwa nephethini ejwayelekile futhi, ngakho-ke, ukukhonjwa kwama-hemoglobin angajwayelekile kwenziwa.
Ungayihumusha kanjani imiphumela
Ngokuya ngephethini lebhendi elenziwe, kungenzeka ukukhomba uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin yesiguli. IHemoglobin A1 (HbA1) inesisindo esiphakeme samangqamuzana, ukufuduka okungako akubonwa, kuyilapho i-HbA2 ilula, ingena ijule. Le pateni yebhande ihunyushwa elabhorethri futhi ikhishwe ngendlela yombiko kudokotela nasesigulini, kwaziswa uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin etholakele.
I-hemoglobin ye-Fetal (HbF) itholakala ekugxileni okuphezulu enganeni, kepha-ke, njengoba ukukhula kwenzeka, ukugxila kwe-HbF kwehla ngenkathi i-HbA1 inyuka. Ngakho-ke, ukugxila kohlobo ngalunye lwe-hemoglobin kuyahluka kuye ngeminyaka, futhi imvamisa:
| Uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin | Inani elijwayelekile |
| HbF | Izinsuku ezingu-1 kuya kwezi-7 ubudala: kufika kuma-84%; Izinsuku ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-60 ubudala: kufika kuma-77%; Izinyanga ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-4 ubudala: kufika kuma-40%; Izinyanga ezine kuya kwezingu-6 ubudala: kufika ku-7.0% Izinyanga eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-12 ubudala: kufika ku-3.5%; Izinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-18 ubudala: kufika ku-2.8%; Umuntu omdala: 0.0 kuya ku-2.0% |
| HbA1 | 95% noma ngaphezulu |
| HbA2 | 1,5 - 3,5% |
Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu banezinguquko ezakhiwayo noma ezisebenzayo ezihlobene nokwenziwa kwe-hemoglobin, okuholela kuma-hemoglobin angajwayelekile noma ahlukile, njenge-HbS, HbC, HbH ne-Barts 'Hb.
Ngakho-ke, kusuka ku-hemoglobin electrophoresis, kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ubukhona bama-hemoglobin angajwayelekile futhi, ngosizo lwenye inqubo yokuxilonga ebizwa nge-HPLC, kungenzeka ukubheka ukugxila kwama-hemoglobin ajwayelekile futhi angajwayelekile, angakhombisa:
| Umphumela we-hemoglobin | I-diagnostic hypothesis |
| Ubukhona be I-HbSS | I-Sickle cell anemia, ebonakala ngokushintsha kokuma kweseli elibomvu ngenxa yokuguquka kochungechunge lwe-beta lwe-hemoglobin. Yazi izimpawu ze-sickle cell anemia. |
| Ubukhona be I-HbAS | Isici seSickle cell, lapho umuntu ethwala isakhi sofuzo esibhekele i-sickle cell anemia, kepha engakhombisi zimpawu, noma kunjalo singadlulisela lesi sizukulwane kwezinye izizukulwane: |
| Ubukhona be HbC | Okukhombisa isifo seHemoglobin C, lapho amakristalu e-HbC angabonakala khona e-smear yegazi, ikakhulukazi lapho isiguli siyi-HbCC, lapho umuntu ene-hemolytic anemia yezinga elihlukile. |
| Ubukhona be Izinsimbi hb | Ukuba khona kwalolu hlobo lwe-hemoglobin kukhombisa isimo esibi esaziwa nge-hydrops fetalis, esingaholela ekufeni kombungu futhi ngenxa yalokho sikhuphe isisu. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-fetal hydrops. |
| Ubukhona be HbH | Okukhombisa isifo seHemoglobin H, esichazwa yimvula kanye ne-extravascular hemolysis. |
Endabeni yokuxilongwa kwe-sickle cell anemia ngesivivinyo sesithende, imiphumela ejwayelekile yi-HbFA (okungukuthi, ingane inakho kokubili i-HbA ne-HbF, okujwayelekile), ngenkathi imiphumela ye-HbFAS ne-HbFS ikhombisa isici se-sickle cell ne-sickle cell anemia ngokulandelana.
Ukuxilongwa okwehlukanisiwe kwe-thalassemias kungenziwa nange-hemoglobin electrophoresis ehlotshaniswa ne-HPLC, lapho kugcinwa khona izingqinamba zamaketanga e-alpha, beta, delta kanye ne-gamma, eqinisekisa ukungabikho noma ukutholakala okukhona kwalawa maketanga e-globin futhi, ngokusho komphumela , thola uhlobo lwe-thalassemia. Funda ukuthi ungayibona kanjani i-thalassemia.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwanoma yisiphi isifo esihlobene ne-hemoglobin, ezinye izivivinyo ezifana ne-iron, i-ferritin, i-transferrin dosage, ngaphezu kokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele, kufanele i-odwe. Bona ukuthi usichaza kanjani isibalo segazi.
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