Amaprotheni Electrophoresis: yenzelwe ini nokuthi uwuqonde kanjani umphumela

-Delile

• Yenzelwe ini
• Kwenziwa kanjani
• Uwuqonda kanjani umphumela
• I-albhamuin
• I-Alpha-1-globulin
• I-Alpha-2-globulin
• I-Beta-1-globulin
• I-Beta-2-globulin
• I-Gamma-globulin

Amaphrotheni electrophoresis ukuhlolwa okucelwe ngudokotela ngenhloso yokuphenya izifo ezingaholela ekuguqulweni kwenani lamaprotheni ajikeleza egazini, kuthathwa njengesinye sezivivinyo ezinkulu ezicelwe ukuphenywa nokuxilongwa kwe-myeloma eminingi.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngesampula segazi, elenziwa ngenqubo ye-centrifugation ukuthola i-plasma yegazi, lapho kutholakala khona amaprotheni. Lawa maprotheni abese eqala inqubo yokwehlukanisa ngokwamandla kagesi awo kanye nesisindo samangqamuzana, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwephethini yebhendi futhi, ngemuva kwalokho, igrafu ebaluleke kakhulu ekuchazeni ukuhlolwa kukadokotela.

Amaprotheni ahlolwe kulokhu kuhlolwa abalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle komzimba, ngoba asebenza kumasosha omzimba, kwinqubo yokuqina kanye nokusabela komzimba, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukuthwala ama-molecule athile awase lapho kusetshenzelwa khona. Ngakho-ke, izinguquko ekugxileni kwazo zingakhombisa izifo. Phakathi kwamaprotheni ahlolwayo kukhona i-albhamuin, i-alpha-glycoproteins, i-beta-glycoproteins kanye ne-gamma-glycoproteins.

Yenzelwe ini

Amaphrotheni electrophoresis acelwa ngudokotela ukuthi ahlole inani lamaprotheni emzimbeni futhi, ngalokho, aphenye izinguquko ezingaba khona nezifo, akwazi ukuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi, uma kunjalo. Ezinye zezimo udokotela anga-oda kuzo kanye ne-protein electrophoresis kulapho kunezibonakaliso nezimpawu ezisikisela lokhu:

• Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni;
• I-myeloma eminingi;
• Ukuvuvukala;
• Ukuqina kwesibindi;
• Uhlelo lwe-lupus erythematosus;
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu;
• Ama-Ascites;
• I-Glomerulonephritis;
• Isifo sikaCushing;
• I-Emphysema;
• Izifo zesibindi;
• Ukushoda kwegazi;
• I-Pancreatitis.

Ngokungeziwe kulezi zimo, lokhu kuhlolwa kungacelwa lapho umuntu enza ukwelashwa kwe-estrogen noma lapho ekhulelwe, njengoba kulezi zimo kungaba nezinguquko emazingeni amaprotheni, kubalulekile ukuhlola amaprotheni aguquliwe bese usebenzisa izindlela nokubuyisa isimo.

Kwenziwa kanjani

Amaprotheni electrophoresis enziwa ngokuqoqa isampula yegazi emuntwini ngochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe futhi akukho ukulungiselela okudingekayo. Isampula elitholakalayo lithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kube nokuhlukana phakathi kwamaseli abomvu ne-plasma. Kwezinye izimo, ukuqoqwa komchamo wamahora angama-24 kungenziwa ukubheka inani lamaprotheni akhishwe emchameni phakathi nosuku, okucelwa kakhulu ngudokotela lapho kusolwa izinkinga zezinso.

I-plasma bese ifakwa ku-agarose gel noma i-cellulose acetate kanye nodayi nomaka weprotheyini ngalinye bese kusetshenziswa amandla kagesi ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuhlukaniswa kwamaprotheni ngokwamandla kagesi awo, ubukhulu bawo kanye namangqamuzana isisindo. Ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa, amaprotheni angabonwa ngephethini yebhande, ekhombisa ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwamaprotheni.

Ngemuva kwalokho, lawa maprotheni abalwa kudivayisi ethile, ebizwa nge-densitometer, lapho kuhlungwa khona amaprotheni egazini, ngenani lephesenti kanye nenani eliphelele lengxenyenamba ngayinye yamaprotheni ekhonjisiwe embikweni, ngaphezu kwegrafu, okubalulekile ukuqonda kangcono ngudokotela kanye nesiguli semiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Uwuqonda kanjani umphumela

Umphumela wesivivinyo se-protein electrophoresis kufanele uhunyushwe ngudokotela, ohlola inani eliphelele nelilinganisiwe lamaprotheni, ngaphezu kwegrafu ekhishwa kulo mbiko.

Ngenxa yalokho, kukhonjiswa izingxenyana zeprotheni, okungukuthi, amanani atholakala ku-albhamuin, i-alpha-1-globulin, i-alpha-2-globulin, i-beta-1-globulin, i-beta-2-globulin ne-gamma-globulin. Ngokuphathelene nephethini yebhendi, imvamisa ayikhishwa embikweni, isala kuphela elabhoratri futhi itholakale kudokotela.

I-albhamuin

I-Albumin yiprotheni ye-plasma ekhona ngobuningi futhi ikhiqizwa esibindini, yenza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene, njengokuhambisa ama-hormone, amavithamini kanye nezakhamzimba, ukulawula i-pH nokulawula i-osmotic yomzimba. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-albumin esibindini kuncike esimweni somsoco womuntu, inani lama-hormone ajikelezayo negazi le-pH. Ngakho-ke, inani le-albhamuin ku-protein electrophoresis likhombisa isimo somuntu jikelele somsoco futhi livumela ukukhomba ushintsho olungaba khona esibindini noma ezinso.

Inani lesethenjwa ku-electrophoresis (lingahluka ngokuya nge-laboratory): 4.01 kuye ku-4.78 g / dL; 55.8 kuye ku-66.1%

I-albhamuin eyandisiwe: Ukwanda kwamazinga e-albumin kwenzeka ikakhulu njengomphumela wokwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni, kodwa hhayi ngoba kube nokwanda ekukhiqizweni kwaleli protein, kodwa ngoba inani lamanzi lincane futhi, ngenxa yalokho, umthamo wegazi, ngakho-ke, amazinga aphezulu e-albumin kuqinisekisiwe.

Kwehlisiwe i-albhamuin: I-Albin ithathwa njengeprotein yesigaba esibi esibi, okungukuthi, ezimweni zokuvuvukala, kukhona ukwehla kwamazinga e-albhamuin. Ngakho-ke, ukwehla kwe-albhamuin kungenzeka ezimweni zesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-edema, i-ascites, ukushoda kokudla okunomsoco kanye nesifo sokuqina kwesibindi, lapho isibindi sengozini khona futhi i-albhamuin synthesis iba nenkinga.

Funda kabanzi nge-albhamuin.

I-Alpha-1-globulin

Ingxenyenamba ye-alpha-1-globulin iqukethe amaprotheni amaningana, amakhulu yilawo i-alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGA) kanye ne- i-alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT). I-AGA ibamba iqhaza ekwakheni imicu ye-collagen futhi inesibopho sokuvimbela ukusebenza kwamagciwane kanye nama-parasites, ngakho-ke inendima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba. Njenge-AGA, i-AAT nayo ibaluleke kakhulu kumasosha omzimba.

Inani lesethenjwa ku-electrophoresis (lingahluka ngokuya ngelebhu): 0.22 kuya ku-0.41 g / dL; 2.9 kuye ku-4.9%

I-alpha-1-globulin eyandisiwe: Ukwanda kwamaprotheni kule ngxenyenamba kwenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa yokuvuvukala nezifo. Ngakho-ke, amazinga aphezulu e-alpha-1-globulin angakhombisa ama-neoplasms, i-Cushing's syndrome, i-arthritis, ukukhulelwa kanye ne-vasculitis, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukukhuphuka njengomphumela wokwelashwa ngama-estrogens noma ama-corticosteroids.

Nciphisa i-alpha-1-globulin: Ukwehla kungenzeka ngenxa ye-nephrotic syndrome, isifo esibi sesibindi, i-emphysema, i-cirrhosis ne-hepatocellular carcinoma.

I-Alpha-2-globulin

Ingxenyenamba ye-alpha-2-globulin yakhiwe ngamaprotheni amathathu ayinhloko: i i-ceruloplasmin (CER), a i-haptoglobin (hpt) kanye ne- i-macroglobulin (AMG), okugxila kwayo kungakhuphuka ngenxa yezinqubo zokuvuvukala nezithathelwanayo.

I-Ceruloplasmin yiprotheni elenziwe yisibindi futhi linenani elikhulu lethusi ekubunjweni kwalo, eliyivumela ukuthi lenze okuthile emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CER ibalulekile enqubeni yokufaka i-iron ku-transferrin, okuyiprotheni elibhekele ukuthuthwa kwensimbi emzimbeni. Yize futhi kubhekwa njengephrotheni yesigaba esibi, amazinga e-CER ayephuza ukukhuphuka.

I-Haptoglobin inesibopho sokubopha ukujikeleza kwe-hemoglobin futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ikhuthaze ukonakaliswa kwayo nokuqedwa ekusakazeni kwegazi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iMacroglobulin ingelinye lamaprotheni amakhulu e-plasma futhi inesibopho sokulawula ukusabela kokuvuvukala nokuzivikela komzimba, ngaphezu kokuhambisa amaprotheni alula, ama-peptide, nokulawula ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni e-plasma ngesibindi.

Inani lesethenjwa ku-electrophoresis (lingahluka ngokuya nge-laboratory): 0.58 kuya ku-0.92 g / dL; 7.1 kuye ku-11.8%

I-alpha-2-globulin eyandisiwe: Ukwanda kwamaprotheni kule ngxenyenamba kungahle kukhombise i-nephrotic syndrome, isifo sikaWilson, ukonakala kwesibindi, kusatshalaliswe i-intravascular coagulation kanye ne-cerebral infarction, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukwanda ngenxa yokwelashwa kwe-estrogen.

Nciphisa i-alpha-2-globulin: Ukwehla kwamazinga ale protheni kungenzeka ngenxa ye-hemolytic anemias, pancreatitis nezifo zamaphaphu.

I-Beta-1-globulin

THE ukudlulisa yiprotheni eyinhloko yengxenyenamba ye-beta-1-globulin futhi inesibopho sokuthuthwa kwensimbi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwenani elingahlolwa ku-protein electrophoresis, ukuhlushwa kwe-transferrin egazini kungahlolwa ekuhlolweni kwegazi okujwayelekile. Yazi ukuhlolwa kwe-transferrin.

Inani lesethenjwa ku-electrophoresis (lingahluka ngokuya ngelebhu): 0.36 kuya ku-0.52 g / dL; 4.9 kuya ku-7.2%

Ukwanda kwe-beta-1-globulin: Ukwanda kwenzeka ezimweni zokushoda kwe-iron anemia, ukukhulelwa, i-jaundice, i-hypothyroidism kanye nesifo sikashukela.

Ukwehla kwe-beta-1-globulin: Ukwehla kwalesi siqeshana samaprotheni akuvamile kakhulu, kepha kungabonakala kuzinqubo ezingapheli.

I-Beta-2-globulin

Kule ngxenyenamba kunamaprotheni amabili amakhulu, i- i-beta-2-microglobulin (BMG) kanye ne- Amaprotheni asebenza ngoku-C (CRP). I-BMG iyimpawu yomsebenzi weselula, ibalulekile ekutholeni izicubu ze-lymphocytic, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemitholampilo ngenhloso yokuhambisana nesiguli somdlavuza, ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza yini. I-CRP yiprotheni ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlonzweni kwezifo nokuvuvukala, ngoba iyona eshintsha kakhulu emazingeni ayo.

Inani lesethenjwa ku-electrophoresis (lingahluka ngokuya nge-laboratory): 0.22 kuya ku-0.45 g / dL; 3.1 kuye ku-6.1%

Ukwanda kwe-beta-2-globulin: Ukwanda kungenzeka ezimweni zezifo ezihlobene nama-lymphocyte, ukuvuvukala kanye nezifo.

Ukwehla kwe-beta-2-globulin: Ukwehla kungahle kube ngenxa yezinkinga zesibindi, okuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwalawa maprotheni.

I-Gamma-globulin

Kule ngxenyenamba yamaprotheni electrophoresis kutholakala ama-immunoglobulin, okungamaprotheni abhekele ukuvikelwa komzimba. Qonda ukuthi amasosha omzimba asebenza kanjani.

Inani lesethenjwa ku-electrophoresis (lingahluka ngokuya nge-laboratory): 0.72 kuya ku-1.27 g / dL; 11.1 kuye ku-18.8%

Ukwanda kweGamma-globulin: Ukwanda kwamaprotheni angamaqhezu e-gamma-globulin kwenzeka ebusweni bokutheleleka, ukuvuvukala kanye nezifo ezizimele, ezifana nesifo samathambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungahle kube nokwanda esimweni se-lymphoma, i-cirrhosis kanye ne-myeloma eminingi.

Ukwehla kwe-Gamma-globulin: Imvamisa, amazinga e-immunoglobulin ayancipha uma kunesidingo kumasosha omzimba ngenxa yezifo ezingamahlalakhona, ngokwesibonelo.