I-Melanoma Ibukeka Kanjani?

-Delile

• Izithombe ze-melanoma
• Izici zobungozi be-melanoma
• Izimvukuzane
• Bheka izinguquko
• I-Asymmetry
• Umngcele
• Umbala
• Ububanzi
• Ukuguquka
• I-melanoma yesipikili
• Bheka udokotela wesikhumba

Ubungozi be-melanoma

I-Melanoma ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesikhumba, kodwa futhi iyinhlobo ebulala kakhulu ngenxa yamandla ayo okusakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Unyaka nonyaka, abantu ababalelwa ku-91,000 batholakala bene-melanoma, kanti abantu abangaphezu kuka-9,000 bayafa ngenxa yayo. Amanani e-melanoma ayenyuka, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nasebusheni.

Izithombe ze-melanoma

Izici zobungozi be-melanoma

Kunezici eziningana ezingakwenza ube sethubeni lokuthuthukisa i-melanoma, okubandakanya:

• ukushiswa yilanga njalo, ikakhulukazi uma ukushiswa yilanga kwakunzima ngokwanele ukwenza isikhumba sakho siqhume
• abahlala ezindaweni ezinokukhanya kwelanga okuningi, njengeFlorida, iHawaii, noma i-Australia
• usebenzisa imibhede yokushuka
• ukuba nesikhumba esihle
• ukuba nomlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni we-melanoma
• ukuba nenqwaba yezimvukuzane emzimbeni wakho

Izimvukuzane

Cishe wonke umuntu unemvukuzane okungenani eyodwa - indawo eyisicaba noma ephakanyisiwe esikhumbeni. Lawa mabala abangelwa lapho amangqamuzana e-pigment esikhumba okuthiwa ama-melanocyte ahlangana abe amaqoqo.

Izimvukuzane zivame ukukhula ebuntwaneni. Ngesikhathi ufinyelela ebudaleni, ungaba nezingu-10 noma ngaphezulu emzimbeni wakho. Izinsumpa eziningi azinabungozi futhi aziguquki, kodwa ezinye zingakhula, zishintshe ukuma, noma zishintshe umbala. Abambalwa bangaphenduka umdlavuza.

Bheka izinguquko

Inkomba enkulu kunazo zonke yokuthi indawo esikhunjeni ingaba yi-melanoma uma ishintsha. Imvukuzane enomdlavuza izoshintsha ngosayizi, ukuma, noma umbala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Odokotela besikhumba basebenzisa umthetho we-ABCDE ukusiza abantu babone izimpawu ze-melanoma esikhunjeni sabo:

• Aukulinganisa
• Bukuhleleka
• Ci-olor
• UDiameter
• Eukuqhuma

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ubone ukuthi ngayinye yalezi zimpawu ze-melanoma ibukeka kanjani esikhumbeni.

I-Asymmetry

Imvukuzane ehambisanayo izobukeka ifana kakhulu nhlangothi zombili. Uma udweba umugqa phakathi nendawo yemvukuzane (kusuka kunoma iyiphi indlela), imiphetho yezinhlangothi zombili izofanelana kakhulu.

Kumvukuzane engalingani, izinhlangothi zombili ngeke zilingane ngosayizi noma umumo ngoba amaseli ohlangothini olulodwa lwemvukuzane akhula ngokushesha kunamaseli akolunye uhlangothi. Amaseli womdlavuza avame ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu nangokungajwayelekile kunamaseli ajwayelekile.

Umngcele

Amaphethelo emvukuzane ejwayelekile azoba nesimo esicacile, esichazwe kahle. Imvukuzane ihlukaniswe nesikhumba esiyizungezile.

Uma umngcele ubonakala ufiphalaza-sengathi othile ufake umbala ngaphandle kolayini-kungaba uphawu lokuthi imvukuzane inomdlavuza. Imiphetho edabukile noma efiphele yemvukuzane nayo ihlobene nokukhula kweseli komdlavuza okungalawulwa.

Umbala

Ama-Moles angafika ngemibala eminingi ehlukene, kufaka phakathi onsundu, omnyama, noma i-tan. Uma nje umbala uqinile kulo lonke imvukuzane, kungenzeka ukuthi ujwayelekile futhi awunomdlavuza. Uma ubona imibala ehlukahlukene emvukuzaneni efanayo, kungaba nomdlavuza.

Imvukuzane ye-melanoma izoba nemibala ehlukene enombala ofanayo, njengombala onsundu noma omnyama noma ama-splotches anemibala ehlukene (isb., Omhlophe, obomvu, ompunga, omnyama, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).

Ububanzi

Izimvukuzane ngokuvamile zihlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ethile yobukhulu. Imvukuzane ejwayelekile ilinganiselwa kumamilimitha ayi-6 (1/4 amayintshi) noma ngaphansi ububanzi, ecishe ilingane nosule wepensela.

Izimvukuzane ezinkulu zingakhombisa izimpawu zenkinga. Izimvukuzane kufanele futhi zihlale zingaguquguquki ngosayizi. Uma ubona ukuthi enye yezimvukuzane zakho ikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, cabanga ukuthi ihlolwe.

Ukuguquka

Ushintsho alusoze lwaba yinto enhle uma kukhulunywa ngezimvukuzane. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo isikhumba futhi unake noma iziphi izindawo ezikhulayo noma eziguqula ukuma noma umbala.

Ngaphandle kwezimpawu ze-ABCDE, bheka noma yimuphi omunye umehluko kwimvukuzane, njengokubomvu, ukukala, ukopha, noma ukuphuma.

I-melanoma yesipikili

Yize kungavamile, i-melanoma nayo ingakhula ngaphansi kwezipikili. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kubonakala njengesigejana sombala ngaphesheya kwesipikili ukuthi:

• kubangela ukuncipha noma ukuqhekeka kwesipikili
• eba namaqhuqhuva nokopha
• iba banzi nge-cuticle

I-Melanoma ayibangeli ubuhlungu njalo lapho ingaphansi kwezipikili. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko kuzinzipho zakho.

Bheka udokotela wesikhumba

Ngokwenza ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba njalo, ungawubona umdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngokwanele ukuze welashwe.

Uma uthola noma yini entsha noma engavamile esikhumbeni sakho, bheka udokotela wesikhumba ukuze uhlolwe isikhumba ngokuphelele.

Abantu abanezimvukuzane eziningi nomlando womndeni womdlavuza wesikhumba kufanele babone udokotela wabo wesikhumba njalo. Udokotela wesikhumba angafaka imephu yezimvukuzane zakho futhi alandelele noma yiziphi izinguquko ezenzekayo.

Bangathatha isampula lemvukuzane, elibizwa ngokuthi yi-biopsy, ukuhlola umdlavuza. Uma imvukuzane inomdlavuza, inhloso kuzoba ukuyisusa ngaphambi kokuba ithole ithuba lokusabalala.