Yini i-scotoma nokuthi ibangelwa yini

-Delile

• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• Izinhlobo ze-scotoma
• Ziyini izimpawu nezimpawu
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-scotoma ibonakala ngokulahleka okuphelele noma okuyingxenye yomthamo wombono wesifunda senkambu ebonakalayo, okuvame ukuzungezwa indawo lapho kugcinwa khona umbono.

Bonke abantu bane-scotoma emkhakheni wabo wokubuka, obizwa ngendawo eyimpumputhe futhi ongaziwa ngumuntu uqobo lwakhe, futhi awuthathwa njenge-pathological.

I-pathological scotoma ingabandakanya noma iyiphi ingxenye yenkambu ebonakalayo futhi ingaba nezinhlobonhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, futhi kwezinye izimo kungadala ukulahleka kombono omningi. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-scotomes atholakala ezifundeni ezisemaphethelweni, angahle angabonakali.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

Izimbangela ezingaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-scotoma kungaba izilonda ku-retina kanye ne-optic nerve, izifo ze-metabolic, ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, i-multiple sclerosis, i-glaucoma, izinguquko kwi-nerve optic, izinguquko ku-cortex ebonakalayo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme nokuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi.

Kwezinye izimo, ukubonakala kwama-scotomas ekukhulelweni kungaba uphawu lwe-pre-eclampsia enzima. Thola ukuthi yini i-preeclampsia nokuthi ungayibona kanjani.

Izinhlobo ze-scotoma

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-scotoma, iningi lazo elihlala unomphela. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo oluhambisana ne-migraine lwesikhashana futhi luhlala kuphela ihora futhi luvame ukuba yingxenye ye-aura yekhanda.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-scotoma yilezi:

• Scotillating scotoma, eyenzeka ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-migraine, kodwa nayo engazivelela. Le scotoma ibonakala njengokukhanya okukhazimulayo okwenziwe ngo-arc okuhlasela inkambu yokubuka emaphakathi;
• Central scotoma, ebhekwa njengohlobo olunenkinga kakhulu futhi ibonakaliswa yindawo emnyama enkabeni yenkambu yokubuka. Umkhakha wokubuka osele uhlala ujwayelekile, okwenza umuntu agxile kakhulu emaphethelweni, okwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe nzima kakhulu;
• I-Peripheral scotoma, lapho kukhona khona isichibi esimnyama emaphethelweni endima yokubuka, okuthi noma kungaphazamisa kancane umbono ojwayelekile, akunzima kangako ukubhekana ne-scotoma emaphakathi;
• IHemianopic scotoma, lapho uhhafu wenkambu yokubuka uthinteka khona endaweni emnyama, engenzeka ezinhlangothini zombili zesikhungo futhi engathinta iso elilodwa noma womabili;
• I-paracentral scotoma, lapho indawo emnyama itholakala eduze, kodwa hhayi enkabeni yokubuka emaphakathi;
• I-Bilateral Scotoma, okuwuhlobo lwe-scotoma oluvela ngamehlo womabili futhi olubangelwa uhlobo oluthile lwesimila noma ukukhula kwengqondo, okungajwayelekile kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu nezimpawu

Ngokuvamile, abantu abane-scotoma, banendawo embonweni wabo, engaba mnyama, ikhanye kakhulu, inamafu noma icwebezele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye babo bangabhekana nobunzima obuthile embonweni, ubunzima bokuhlukanisa eminye imibala noma badinge nokuba nokukhanya okwengeziwe, ukuze babone kahle.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-scotoma kuncike embangela. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi udokotela wamehlo enze ukuxilongwa ukuze akwazi ukwelapha lesi sifo esidala le nkinga.