Uyini umkhuhlane wokopha, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• 1. I-Arenavirus
• 2. IHantavirus
• 3. Ama-Enteroviruses
• 4. Igciwane lodenga ne-Ebola
• Yelashwa kanjani

Umkhuhlane wokopha yisifo esibi esibangelwa amagciwane, ikakhulukazi ohlobo lwe-flavivirus, olubanga udenga olopha igazi ne-yellow fever, kanye nohlobo lwe-arenavirus, njengamagciwane eLassa noSabin. Yize imvamisa ihlobene ne-arenavirus ne-flavivirus, imfiva ebophayo nayo ingabangelwa ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane, njengegciwane le-ebola ne-hantavirus. Lesi sifo singadluliselwa ngokuthintana noma ngokuhogela amathonsi omchamo noma indle yamagundane noma ngokulunywa umiyane ongcoliswe yigazi lesilwane esinegciwane, kuye ngegciwane elihlobene nalesi sifo.

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane wokopha zivela ngokwesilinganiso ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-14 zomuntu otheleleke ngaleli gciwane futhi kungaba umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-38ºC, ubuhlungu emzimbeni wonke, amabala abomvu esikhumbeni nokopha emehlweni, emlonyeni, emakhaleni, emchameni nasekuhlanzeni , okungadala ukopha kakhulu uma kungalashwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo kungenziwa ngudokotela ojwayelekile ngokuhlola izimpawu nokusebenza kwegazi, njenge-serology, lapho kungakhonjwa khona igciwane eliyimbangela, kanti ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe wedwa esibhedlela ., ukuvimbela umkhuhlane wokopha ukuthi ungadluliseli kwabanye abantu.

Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane wokopha zivela lapho igciwane le-arenavirus, ngokwesibonelo, lifinyelela egazini futhi lingafaka:

• Umkhuhlane omkhulu, ongaphezu kuka-38ºC, ngokuqala okungazelelwe;
• Imivimbo esikhunjeni;
• Amabala abomvu esikhunjeni;
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu;
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile nobuhlungu bemisipha;
• Ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo ngegazi;
• Ukopha okuvela emehlweni, emlonyeni, ekhaleni, ezindlebeni, emchameni nakulindle.

Isiguli esinezimpawu zomkhuhlane wokopha kufanele sibonane nodokotela osegumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze sihlolisise inkinga futhi siqale ukwelashwa okufanele, ngoba ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa umkhuhlane owophayo ungathinta ukusebenza kwezitho eziningana, njengesibindi, ubende, amaphaphu kanye nezinso, futhi kungadala ushintsho olunzima ebuchosheni.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

Umkhuhlane owophayo ubangelwa ukutheleleka kwezinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane, okungaba:

1. I-Arenavirus

I-arenavirus, ingeyomndeniI-Arenaviridaefuthi yigciwane eliyinhloko eliholela ekubukekeni komkhuhlane wokopha, okuyizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu eNingizimu Melika amagciwane iJunin, iMachupo, iChapare, iGuanarito neSabia. Leli gciwane lidluliselwa ngokuthintana nomchamo noma indle yamagundane athelelekile noma ngamaconsi amathe avela kumuntu onaleli gciwane.

Isikhathi sokufukamela se-arenavirus yizinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-14, okusho ukuthi, lesi yisikhathi esithathayo ukuze igciwane liqale ukudala izimpawu eziqala ngokushesha futhi kungaba ukuqaqamba, iqolo nobuhlungu beso, ukuqhubekela phambili kumkhuhlane kanye nokopha njengoba izinsuku zihamba .

2. IHantavirus

I-Hantavirus ingadala umkhuhlane wokopha okhula ube mubi futhi uholele ekubukekeni kwesifo samaphaphu nesenhliziyo, esivame kakhulu emazweni aseMelika. E-Asia naseYurophu la magciwane athinta izinso kakhulu, ngakho-ke adala ukwehluleka kwezinso, noma ukwehluleka kwezinso.

Ukutheleleka kwe-hantavirus yomuntu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokuhogela izinhlayiya zegciwane ezikhona emoyeni, umchamo, indle noma amathe wamagundane athelelekile nezimpawu zivela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-9 kuya kwezingama-33 ngemuva kokutheleleka, okungaba umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bemisipha, isiyezi, isicanucanu nangemva kosuku lwesithathu ukhwehlela phezulu ne-phlegm negazi okungaba kubi ngokwehluleka kokuphefumula uma kungelashwa ngokushesha.

3. Ama-Enteroviruses

Ama-Enteroviruses, abangelwa i-Echovirus, i-enterovirus, igciwane le-Coxsackie, angadala i-chickenpox futhi angaphinde akhule abe ngumkhuhlane owophayo, oholele emabala abomvu esikhunjeni nasopha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ne-exanthematics, edala ukuqubuka noma amabala abomvu emzimbeni, zingazibonakalisa zinesimo esibi futhi esopha kakhulu, okuholela kwezinye izinkinga zempilo. Lezi zifo zingaba umkhuhlane onamabala waseBrazil, umkhuhlane onsomi waseBrazil, umkhuhlane we-typhoid kanye nesifo se-meningococcal. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuqubuka nezinye izimbangela.

4. Igciwane lodenga ne-Ebola

Udenga lubangelwa izinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane emndeniniI-Flaviviridae futhi idluliselwa ngokulunywa omiyaneAedes aegypti futhi isimo salo esibi kakhulu udenga olugeleza igazi, oluholela emkhuhlaneni owophayo, oluvame kakhulu kubantu abake baba nodenga oluvamile noma abanezinkinga zempilo ezithinta amasosha omzimba. Funda kabanzi ngezimpawu zikadenga owopha futhi nokuthi ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani.

Igciwane le-Ebola linolaka impela futhi lingaholela nasekubonakaleni komkhuhlane wokopha, ngaphezu kokubanga ukuphazamiseka esibindini nasezinso. EBrazil, azikabikho izigameko zabantu abangenwa yileli gciwane, ezijwayeleke kakhulu ezifundeni zase-Afrika.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane owophayo kukhonjiswa ngudokotela ojwayelekile noma isifo esithathelwanayo, iqukethe ikakhulukazi izindlela ezisekelayo, njengokukhuphula umfutho wokusebenzisa amanzi nokusebenzisa imishanguzo yezinhlungu nemfiva, ngokwesibonelo, nokusetshenziswa kwe-antiviral ribavirin ezimeni zomkhuhlane wokopha ngenxa ye-arenavirus , okufanele iqalwe ngokushesha lapho ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa nge-serology.

Umuntu onomkhuhlane wokopha kudingeka angeniswe esibhedlela, endaweni engayodwa, ngenxa yengozi yokungcola okuvela kwabanye abantu kanye nemithi yokwenziwa emthanjeni, njengokunciphisa izinhlungu neminye imishanguzo yokulawula ukopha okungenzeka kube khona.

Ayikho imishanguzo etholakalayo yokuvimbela imfiva ebophayo ebangelwa amagciwane, kepha-ke, ezinye izindlela zingathathwa ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka, njengokuthi: ukugcina imvelo ihlanzekile njalo, usebenzisa okokuhlanza kanye nezibulala-magciwane okusekelwe ku-1% sodium hypochlorite ne-glutaraldehyde 2% , ngaphezu kokunakekela ukugwema ukulunywa omiyane, njenge-Aedes aegypti. Funda ukuthi ungawubona kanjani umiyane woDenga.