Ukuhlolwa Ekuvakasheni Kwakho Kwangaphambi kokubeletha

-Delile

• Kufanele ngiluhlele nini uhambo lwami lokuqala lokubeletha?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo engingazilindela ekuvakasheni kokuqala kokubeletha?
• Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa okuqinisekisayo
• Usuku olumisiwe
• Umlando wezokwelapha
• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Yini enye engingayilindela ekuvakasheni kokuqala kokubeletha?
• Kuthiwani ngemuva kokuhambela kokuqala kokubeletha?

Kuyini ukuvakashelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha?

Ukunakekelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa okuthola ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuvakashelwa kokubeletha kuqala ngaphambi kokukhulelwa futhi kuqhubeka njalo uze ubelethe ingane. Ngokuvamile zifaka ukuhlolwa komzimba, ukuhlolwa kwesisindo, nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene. Ukuvakashelwa kokuqala kuklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa kwakho, ukuqinisekisa impilo yakho ejwayelekile, nokuthola ukuthi ngabe unezici ezithile zobungozi ezingathinta ukukhulelwa kwakho.

Noma ngabe wake wakhulelwa phambilini, ukuvakashelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha kusabaluleke kakhulu. Njalo ukukhulelwa kwehlukile. Ukunakekelwa njalo ngaphambi kokubeletha kuzonciphisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho futhi kungavikela kokubili impilo yakho kanye nengane yakho. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungakuhlelela kanjani ukuvakashelwa kwakho kokuqala nokuthi ukuhlolwa ngakunye kusho ukuthini kuwe nasenganeni yakho.

Kufanele ngiluhlele nini uhambo lwami lokuqala lokubeletha?

Kufanele uhlele ukuvakasha kwakho kokuqala ngokushesha nje lapho wazi ukuthi ukhulelwe. Ngokuvamile, ukuvakashelwa kokuqala kokubeletha kuzohlelwa ngemuva kweviki lakho lesi-8 lokukhulelwa. Uma unesinye isimo sezempilo esingathinta ukukhulelwa kwakho noma uke wakhulelwa okunzima esikhathini esedlule, umhlinzeki wakho angafuna ukukubona ngaphambi kwalokho.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhetha ukuthi hlobo luni lomhlinzeki ofuna ukumbona ngokuvakashelwa kwakho kokubeletha. Izinketho zakho kufaka okulandelayo:

• Isazi sokubelethisa (OB): Udokotela ogxile ekunakekeleni abesifazane abakhulelwe nasekuthumeni izingane. Odokotela ababelethayo yibo abangakhetha kangcono kakhulu ukukhulelwa okuyingozi kakhulu.
• Udokotela osebenza emndenini: Udokotela onakekela iziguli zayo yonke iminyaka. Udokotela owenza umndeni angakunakekela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, ngesikhathi nangemva kokukhulelwa kwakho. Bangaba futhi umhlinzeki ojwayelekile wengane yakho ngemuva kokuzalwa.
• Umbelethisi: Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo oqeqeshelwe ukunakekela abesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zababelethisi, kufaka phakathi ababelethisi abaqinisekisiwe (ama-CNM) kanye nababelethisi abaqeqeshiwe (CPMs). Uma unesifiso sokubona umbelethisi ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, kufanele ukhethe oqinisekiswe yi-American Midwifery Certification Board (AMCB) noma i-North American Registry of Midwives (NARM).
• Umhlengikazi: Umhlengikazi oqeqeshelwe ukunakekela iziguli zayo yonke iminyaka, kubandakanya nabesifazane abakhulelwe. Lokhu kungaba udokotela ongumhlengikazi womndeni (FNP) noma umhlengikazi wezempilo wabesifazane. Ezifundazweni eziningi, ababelethisi nabahlengikazi kumele basebenze ngaphansi kweso lodokotela.

Akunandaba ukuthi ukhetha muphi uhlobo lomhlinzeki, uzovakashela umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kokubeletha njalo lapho ukhulelwe.

Yiziphi izivivinyo engingazilindela ekuvakasheni kokuqala kokubeletha?

Kunezivivinyo eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezinikezwa ngokuvakashelwa kokuqala kokubeletha. Ngoba lokhu kungenzeka kube okokuqala lapho uhlangana nomhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokubeletha, ukuqokwa kokuqala kuvame ukuba kwesinye sezide kakhulu. Ezinye izivivinyo nemibuzo ongayilindela ihlanganisa okulandelayo:

Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa okuqinisekisayo

Ngisho noma usuvele uthathe ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ekhaya, umhlinzeki wakho uzocela isampula yomchamo ukuze enze ukuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhulelwe.

Usuku olumisiwe

Umhlinzeki wakho uzozama ukunquma usuku lwakho olubekiwe olulinganiselwe (noma iminyaka yobudala bokukhulelwa). Usuku olubekiwe lucatshangelwa kususelwa kudethi yesikhathi sakho sokugcina. Yize iningi labesifazane lingagcini ngokubeletha ngokunembile ngosuku lwalo olubekiwe, kuseseyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlela nokubheka inqubekela phambili.

Umlando wezokwelapha

Wena nomhlinzeki wakho nizoxoxa nganoma yiziphi izinkinga zezokwelapha noma ezengqondo enibe nazo esikhathini esedlule. Umhlinzeki wakho uzoba nentshisekelo ku:

• uma uke wakhulelwa phambilini
• imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo (incwadi kadokotela kanye nekhawunta)
• umlando wakho wezokwelapha womndeni
• noma yikuphi ukukhipha izisu noma ukukhipha izisu ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• umjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba

Umhlinzeki wakho uzophinda enze ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukuthatha izimpawu ezibalulekile, njengokuphakama, isisindo, nomfutho wegazi, nokuhlola amaphaphu akho, amabele, nenhliziyo. Ngokuya ngokuthi ukude kangakanani nokukhulelwa kwakho, umhlinzeki wakho angenza i-ultrasound noma angayenzi.

Umhlinzeki wakho kungenzeka futhi ahlole ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho kokuqala kokubeletha uma ungakabi nakho kamuva nje. Ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic kwenziwa ngezinhloso eziningi futhi kufaka okulandelayo:

• I-Pap smear ejwayelekile: Lokhu kuzohlola umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye nezifo ezithile ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs). Ngesikhathi sePap smear, udokotela ufaka ngobumnene ithuluzi elaziwa njenge-speculum esithweni sakho sangasese ukubamba izindonga zangasese zihlukane. Bese basebenzisa ibhulashi elincane ukuqoqa amaseli emlonyeni wesibeletho. I-Pap smear akufanele ilimaze futhi ithatha kuphela imizuzu embalwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwe-bimanual: Udokotela wakho uzofaka iminwe emibili ngaphakathi esithweni sangasese kanye nesandla esisodwa esiswini ukubheka noma ikuphi ukungahambi kahle kwesibeletho sakho, amaqanda, noma amashubhu e-fallopian.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Udokotela wakho uzothatha isampula yegazi emthanjeni ongaphakathi endololwaneni yakho bese eyithumela elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe. Akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo kulolu vivinyo. Kufanele uzwe kuphela ubuhlungu obuzolile lapho inaliti ifakiwe isuswa.

Ilabhorethri izakusebenzisa isampula yegazi ukwenza lokhu:

• Nquma uhlobo lwegazi lakho: Umhlinzeki wakho uzodinga ukwazi ukuthi unaluphi uhlobo lwegazi onalo. Ukuthayipha igazi kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yesici seRhesus (Rh), iphrotheni ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi kwabanye abantu. Uma ungenayo i-Rh futhi ingane yakho ine-Rh, ingadala inkinga ebizwa nge-Rh (rhesus) sensitization. Inqobo nje uma umhlinzeki wakho ekwazi lokhu, bangathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela noma yiziphi izinkinga.
• Isikrini sokutheleleka: Isampula yegazi nayo ingasetshenziswa ukubheka ukuthi unazo yini izifo, okubandakanya ama-STI. Lokhu kungenzeka kufake i-HIV, i-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea, i-syphilis, ne-hepatitis B. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungaba nakho yini ukutheleleka, njengoba ezinye zingadluliselwa enganeni yakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha.
  • I-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force manje incoma ukuthi bonke abahlinzeki bahlole i-STI eyaziwa ngokuthi ugcunsula besebenzisa isivivinyo se-plasma reagin (RPR) esisheshayo ekuhambeleni kokuqala kokubeletha. I-RPR ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubheka amasosha omzimba egazini. Uma ingalashwa, ugcunsula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungadala ukuzala komuntu oshonile, ukukhubazeka kwamathambo, nokukhubazeka kwemizwa.
• Bheka ukuvikeleka kokutheleleka okuthile: Ngaphandle kokuthi ube nobufakazi obubhalwe phansi bokugomela izifo ezithile (njenge-rubella nenkukhu), isampula yakho yegazi isetshenziselwa ukubona ukuthi awunalo yini igciwane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izifo ezithile, njengenkukhu, zingaba yingozi enganeni yakho uma uzithola ngesikhathi ukhulelwe.
• Linganisa i-hemoglobin yakho ne-hematocrit ukuhlola i-anemia: I-Hemoglobin iyiprotheni emangqamuzaneni akho abomvu egazi avumela ukuthi athwale umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho wonke. I-Hematocrit yisilinganiso senani lamaseli abomvu egazini lakho. Uma ngabe i-hemoglobin yakho noma i-hematocrit iphansi, kuyinkomba yokuthi ungaba ne-anemic, okusho ukuthi awunawo amaseli egazi anempilo anele. Ukushoda kwegazi kuvamile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Yini enye engingayilindela ekuvakasheni kokuqala kokubeletha?

Njengoba lokhu kungukuvakasha kwakho kokuqala, wena nomhlinzeki wakho nizoxoxa ngokuthi yini ongayilindela phakathi ne-trimester yakho yokuqala, uphendule noma imiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo, futhi uncome ukuthi wenze ushintsho oluthile lokuphila ukuze wandise amathuba akho okukhulelwa okunempilo.

Ukondleka okufanelekile kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwengane. Umhlinzeki wakho uzoncoma ukuthi uqale ukuthatha amavithamini angaphambi kokubeletha, futhi angaxoxa nangokuzivocavoca umzimba, ucansi, kanye nobuthi bezemvelo okufanele uvika. Umhlinzeki wakho angakuthumela ekhaya ngamapheshana kanye nephakethe lezinto zokufunda.

Umhlinzeki wakho futhi angaya ekuhlolweni kwezofuzo. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo, kufaka phakathi i-Down syndrome, isifo se-Tay-Sachs, ne-trisomy 18. Lezi zivivinyo zivame ukwenziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ekukhulelweni kwakho - phakathi kwamasonto e-15 kanye no-18.

Kuthiwani ngemuva kokuhambela kokuqala kokubeletha?

Izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ezilandelayo zizogcwaliswa ngokuvakashelwa okuningi kumhlinzeki wakho. Uma ekuvakasheni kwakho kokuqala kokubeletha, umhlinzeki wakho enquma ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwakho kuyingozi enkulu, bangakudlulisela kuchwepheshe ukuze ahlolwe ngokujulile. Ukukhulelwa kubhekwa njengengozi enkulu uma:

• ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 noma ngaphansi kwengu-20
• unesifo esingelapheki njengesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• ukhuluphele noma ukhuluphele
• uneziphindaphindo (amawele, amawele amathathu, njll.)
• unomlando wokulahlekelwa ukukhulelwa, ukulethwa ngokuhlinzwa, noma ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha
• umsebenzi wakho wegazi ubuya ulungele ukutheleleka ngegciwane, i-anemia, noma i-Rh (rhesus)

Uma ukukhulelwa kwakho kungabhekwa njengengozi enkulu, kufanele ulindele ukubona umhlinzeki wakho ngokuvakashelwa kokubeletha okuzayo njalo ngokuya ngomugqa wesikhathi olandelayo:

• i-trimester yokuqala (ukukhulelwa kuya emavikini ayi-12): njalo emavikini amane
• i-trimester yesibili (amasonto ayi-13 kuye kwangama-27): njalo emavikini amane
• i-trimester yesithathu (amasonto angama-28 ukuya kwezidingo): njalo emavikini amane kuze kube yisonto lama-32 bese njalo ngamaviki amabili kuze kube yisonto lama-36, bese kanye kanye ngesonto kuze kube ukulethwa