3 izigaba eziyinhloko zokwakheka komchamo

-Delile

• 3 izigaba eziyinhloko zokwakheka komchamo
• 1.Ukuqothula
• 2. Ukubuyisela kabusha
• 3. Imfihlo
• Ususwa kanjani umchamo

Umchamo yinto ekhiqizwa ngumzimba esiza ukususa ukungcola, i-urea nezinye izinto ezinobuthi egazini. Lezi zinto zikhiqizwa nsuku zonke ngokusebenza okungapheli kwemisipha ngenqubo yokugaywa kokudla. Ukube lezi zinsalela bezinganqwabelana egazini, zingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezithweni ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni.

Yonke le nqubo yokuhlunga igazi, ukukhipha imfucuza nokwakheka komchamo kwenzeka ezinso, okuyizitho ezimbili ezincane, ezimile njengobhontshisi ezisendaweni engemuva engezansi. Bheka izimpawu eziyi-11 ezingakhombisa ukuthi izinso zakho azisebenzi kahle.

Nsuku zonke, izinso zihlunga cishe amalitha ayi-180 egazi futhi zikhiqiza kuphela amalitha ama-2 omchamo, okungenzeka ngenxa yezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuqedwa nokubuyiselwa kwezinto, ezivimbela ukuqedwa kwamanzi amaningi noma izinto ezibalulekile zomzimba.

Ngenxa yayo yonke le nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi eyenziwe izinso, izici zomchamo okhishwayo zingasiza ekutholeni ezinye zezinkinga zezempilo. Ngakho-ke, bona ukuthi izinguquko ezinkulu emchameni zingakhombisani.

3 izigaba eziyinhloko zokwakheka komchamo

Ngaphambi kokuba umchamo uphume emzimbeni, kufanele udlule ezigabeni ezithile ezibalulekile, ezibandakanya:

1.Ukuqothula

I-Ultrafiltration yisigaba sokuqala senqubo yokwakheka komchamo okwenzeka ku-nephron, okuyiyunithi encane kunazo zonke yezinso. Ngaphakathi kwe-nephron ngayinye, imithambo yegazi encane esezinso ihlukana ibe yimithambo emincane kakhulu, eyakha ifindo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-glomerulus. Le node ivaliwe ngaphakathi kwefilimu encane eyaziwa njenge-renal capsule, noma i-capsule ye- UBowman.

Njengoba imikhumbi iba mincane futhi mincane, umfutho wegazi ku-glomerulus uphakeme kakhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela igazi licindezelwa kanzima ezindongeni zomkhumbi, liyahlungwa. Amaseli egazi kuphela namanye amaprotheni, anjenge-albumin, amakhulu ngokwanele ukuthi angadluli ngakho-ke ahlala egazini. Konke okunye kudlulela kuma-tubules ezinso futhi kwaziwa njenge-glomerular filtrate.

2. Ukubuyisela kabusha

Lesi sigaba sesibili siqala esifundeni esiseduze sama-tubules wezinso. Lapho, ingxenye enhle yezinto ezisuswe egazini zafakwa ku-filtrate ziphinde zafakwa egazini ngezinqubo ezisebenzayo zokuhamba, i-pinocytosis noma i-osmosis. Ngakho-ke, umzimba uqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezibalulekile, ezinjengamanzi, i-glucose nama-amino acid azisuswa.

Kusaphakathi kwalesi sigaba, i-filtrate idlula kufayela le- UHenle, okuyisakhiwo ngemuva kwesigaxa esiseduze lapho amaminerali amakhulu, njenge-sodium ne-potassium, aphinde angene egazini.

3. Imfihlo

Kulesi sigaba sokugcina senqubo yokwakheka komchamo, ezinye izinto ezisesegazini zisuswa ngenkuthalo zisiwe ku-filtrate. Ezinye zalezi zinto zibandakanya izinsalela zemithi ne-ammonia, ngokwesibonelo, ezingadingeki emzimbeni futhi ezidinga ukukhishwa ukuze zingabangeli ubuthi.

Kusukela lapho, i-filtrate ibizwa ngokuthi umchamo futhi idlula kumashubhu wezinso asele, futhi idlule kuma-ureters, ize ifike esinyeni, lapho igcinwa khona. Isinye sinamandla okugcina umchamo ofinyelela ku-400 noma ku-500 ml, ngaphambi kokuthi ukhishwe.

Ususwa kanjani umchamo

Isinye sakhiwa umsipha omncane, obushelelezi oqukethe izinzwa ezincane. Kusuka ku-150 ml womchamo onqwabelene, imisipha yesinye iyavuleka kancane, ukuze ikwazi ukugcina umchamo owengeziwe. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izinzwa ezincane zithumela izimpawu ebuchosheni ezenza umuntu azizwe sengathi uchama.

Uma uya endlini yangasese, i-sphincter yomchamo iyakhululeka futhi izinkontileka zemisipha yesinye, zicindezela umchamo nge-urethra nangaphandle komzimba.