Ama-Platelet: ayini, ukusebenza kwawo namanani ayizethenjwa

-Delile

• Imisebenzi eyinhloko
• Amanani ayizethenjwa
• Ungawandisa kanjani ama-platelet
• Lapho kuboniswa umnikelo weplatelet

Ama-platelet izingcezu ezincane zamaselula ezisuselwa kuseli elikhiqizwa umnkantsha wethambo, i-megakaryocyte. Inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwama-megakaryocyte ngomnkantsha nokwehlukaniswa kwama-platelet ihlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-10 futhi ilawulwa yi-hormone thrombopoietin, ekhiqizwa isibindi nezinso.

Ama-platelet adlala indima ebalulekile kunqubo yokwakheka kweplatelet, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi inani lamaplatelet ajikeleza emzimbeni lingaphakathi kwamanani wesethenjwa ajwayelekile.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko

Ama-platelet abalulekile enqubeni yokwakheka kweplatelet ngesikhathi sokuphendula okujwayelekile ekulimaleni kwemithambo. Uma engekho ama-platelet, ukuvuza kwegazi okungahleliwe kungenzeka emithanjeni emincane, engabeka engcupheni isimo sempilo yomuntu.

Umsebenzi wePlatelet ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko, okunamathela, ukuhlanganiswa nokukhululwa futhi okulamulwa yizici ezikhishwe ngama-platelet ngesikhathi senqubo, kanye nezinye izinto ezikhiqizwa yigazi nomzimba. Uma kukhona ukulimala, ama-platelets ahanjiswa endaweni yokulimala ukuvimbela ukopha ngokweqile.

Endaweni yokulimala, kunokuxhumana okuthile phakathi kweplatelet nodonga lweseli, inqubo yokunamathela, kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kweplatelet neplatelet (inqubo yokuhlanganisa), okulamulwa iqiniso lokuthi iVon Willebrand ingatholakala ngaphakathi kwamaplatelet. Ngaphezu kokukhishwa kwe-Von Willebrand factor, kukhona ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza kwezinye izinto namaprotheni ahlobene nenqubo yokuvala igazi.

Isici se-Von Willebrand esikhona kuma-platelet ngokuvamile sihlotshaniswa ne-factor VIII ye-coagulation, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-factor X nokuqhubeka kwe-coagulation cascade, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwe-fibrin, ehambelana ne-plug ye-hemostatic yesibili.

Amanani ayizethenjwa

Ukuze i-coagulation cascade nenqubo yokwakheka kweplatelet yenzeke kahle, inani lamaplatelets egazini kumele libe phakathi kuka-150,000 no-450,000 / mm³ wegazi. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo ezithile ezingadala ukuthi inani lama-platelet lehle noma lenyuke egazini.

I-Thrombocytosis, ehambelana nokwanda kwenani lama-platelet, imvamisa ayizivezi izimpawu, ibonwa ngokusebenza kwesibalo segazi. Ukwanda kwenani lama-platelet kuvame ukuhlobene nezinguquko emnkantsheni wethambo, izifo ze-myeloproliferative, hemolytic anemias nangemva kwezinqubo zokuhlinzwa, isibonelo, njengoba kunomzamo womzimba wokuvimbela ukopha okukhulu. Funda ngezinye izimbangela zokukhula kweplatelet.

I-Thrombocytopenia ibonakala ngokuncipha kwenani lama-platelet okungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yezifo ezizimele, izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco kwe-ayoni, i-folic acid noma i-vitamin B12 kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nezinkinga zobende. Ukwehla kwenani lama-platelet kungabonwa ngezinye zezimpawu, njengokutholakala kokuphuma kwegazi emakhaleni nasezinsinini, ukwanda kokuya esikhathini, ukuba khona kwamabala ansomi esikhunjeni kanye nokuba khona kwegazi emchameni, ngokwesibonelo. Funda konke nge-thrombocytopenia.

Ungawandisa kanjani ama-platelet

Enye yezindlela okungenzeka ukuthi zande ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet kungukushintshwa kwe-thrombopoietin ngama-hormone, ngoba le hormone ibhekele ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwalezi zingcezu zeselula. Kodwa-ke, le hormone ayitholakali ukuthi isetshenziswe emtholampilo, kepha kukhona izidakamizwa ezilingisa umsebenzi wale hormone, ezikwazi ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-6 ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa, njengeRomiplostim ne-Eltrombopag, okufanele isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nezeluleko zezokwelapha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, noma kunjalo, kunconywa kuphela ngemuva kokukhomba imbangela yokwehla kweplatelet, futhi kungadingeka ukususa ubende, ukusetshenziswa kwama-corticosteroids, ama-antibiotics, ukuhlunga igazi noma ngisho nokufakwa kwegazi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ube nokudla okwanele futhi okulinganiselayo, okunothe okusanhlamvu, izithelo, imifino, imifino nenyama engenamafutha ukusiza ekwenzeni inqubo yokwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi nokuthanda ukubuyiselwa komzimba.

Lapho kuboniswa umnikelo weplatelet

Ukunikelwa kweplatelet kungenziwa yinoma ngubani onesisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 kg futhi onempilo enhle futhi ohlose ukusiza ekutholeni umuntu owelashwa i-leukemia noma ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, abantu abafakelwa umnkantsha wethambo nokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukunikelwa kweplatelet kungenziwa ngaphandle kokulimaza umnikeli, ngoba ukufakwa kweplatelet ngumzimba kuthatha cishe amahora angama-48, futhi kwenziwa ngokuqoqwa kwegazi eliphelele kusuka kumnikeli elidlula ngokushesha kwinqubo yokuqothula, ukuze kube khona ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhi zegazi. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqothula centrifugation, amaplatelet ahlukaniswa esikhwameni esikhethekile sokuqoqa, kuyilapho ezinye izingxenye zegazi zibuyela egazini lomnikeli.

Le nqubo ihlala cishe imizuzu engama-90 futhi isixazululo se-anticoagulant sisetshenziswa kuyo yonke inqubo ukuvimbela amahlule futhi kulondolozwe amangqamuzana egazi. Ukunikelwa kweplatelet kuvunyelwe kuphela kwabesifazane abangakaze bakhulelwe nakubantu abangazange basebenzise i-aspirin, i-acetylsalicylic acid noma izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala ezingamahomoni ezinsukwini ezi-3 ngaphambi komnikelo.