Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo?
• Yini ebangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo?
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo engakwesokunxele
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo emaceleni angakwesokudla
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ye-diastolic
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ye-Systolic
• Yiziphi izinto ezinobungozi zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo?
• Kutholakala kanjani ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo?
• Kuphathwa kanjani ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo?
• Imithi
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo?
• Yiziphi izinkinga zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo?
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside wabantu abanesifo senhliziyo?

Kuyini ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo?

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kubonakala ngokungakwazi kwenhliziyo ukumpompa igazi okwanele emzimbeni. Ngaphandle kokugeleza kwegazi okwanele, yonke imisebenzi yomzimba emikhulu iyaphazamiseka. Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yisimo noma iqoqo lezimpawu ezenza buthaka inhliziyo yakho.

Kwabanye abantu abanesifo senhliziyo, inhliziyo iba nobunzima bokumpompa igazi elanele ukuxhasa ezinye izitho emzimbeni. Abanye abantu bangaba nokuqina nokuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo uqobo, evimba noma inciphise ukugeleza kwegazi liye enhliziyweni.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungathinta uhlangothi lwesokudla noma lwesobunxele senhliziyo yakho, noma zombili ngasikhathi sinye. Kungaba yisimo esibucayi (esifushane) noma esingapheli (esiqhubekayo).

Ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo okunamandla, izimpawu zivele ngokuzumayo kepha zihambe ngokushesha. Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Kungaba futhi umphumela wenkinga ngamavalvu enhliziyo alawula ukuhamba kwegazi enhliziyweni.

Ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo okungapheli, noma kunjalo, izimpawu ziyaqhubeka futhi azithuthuki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iningi lamacala okwehluleka kwenhliziyo ahlala njalo.

Mayelana nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Iningi lalaba bantu bangamadoda. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane basengozini yokufa ngenxa yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo lapho isimo singalashwa.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuyisimo esibucayi sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kwandisa amathuba akho okululama isikhathi eside ngezinkinga ezimbalwa. Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.

Ziyini izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo?

Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo zingafaka:

• ukukhathala ngokweqile
• ukuzuza kwesisindo ngokungazelelwe
• ukungathandi ukudla
• ukukhwehlela okungapheli
• ukushaya okungajwayelekile
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• ukuvuvukala kwesisu
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukuvuvukala kwemilenze neqakala
• kuphume imithambo yegolo

Yini ebangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo?

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuvame ukuhlobene nesinye isifo noma ukugula. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuhluleka kwenhliziyo yisifo semithambo yegazi (CAD), okuyisifo esibangela ukuncipha kwemithambo ehambisa igazi ne-oxygen enhliziyweni. Ezinye izimo ezingakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo zifaka:

• i-cardiomyopathy, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha yenhliziyo okwenza inhliziyo ibe ntekenteke
• ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzelwe
• isifo senhliziyo
• isifo senhliziyo senhliziyo
• izinhlobo ezithile ze-arrhythmias, noma isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• emphysema, isifo samaphaphu
• isifo sikashukela
• i-thyroid engasebenzi ngokweqile noma engasebenzi
• I-HIV
• Ingculaza
• izinhlobo ezinzima ze-anemia
• ukwelashwa okuthile komdlavuza, njenge-chemotherapy
• ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa noma kotshwala

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo?

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungenzeka ohlangothini lwesobunxele noma lwesokudla senhliziyo yakho. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi izinhlangothi zombili zenhliziyo yakho zehluleke ngasikhathi sinye.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kubhekwa njenge-diastolic noma i-systolic.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo engakwesokunxele

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo emaceleni kwesobunxele luhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.

I-ventricle yenhliziyo engakwesobunxele itholakala ohlangothini olungezansi kwesokunxele senhliziyo yakho.Le ndawo iphampa igazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo emaceleni angakwesobunxele kwenzeka lapho i-ventricle yangakwesokunxele ingaphephi kahle. Lokhu kuvimbela umzimba wakho ekutholeni igazi elanele elicwala umoya-mpilo. Igazi libuyela emaphashini akho esikhundleni salokho, okubangela ukuphefumula okufushane nokwakheka koketshezi.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo emaceleni angakwesokudla

I-ventricle yenhliziyo efanele ibhekene nokupompa igazi emaphashini akho ukuze liqoqe umoya-mpilo. Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo emaceleni kwesokudla kwenzeka lapho uhlangothi lwenhliziyo yakho lungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi walo ngempumelelo. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo emaceleni. Ukuqoqwa kwegazi emaphashini okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo emaceleni kwesobunxele kwenza i-ventricle efanele isebenze kanzima. Lokhu kungagcizelela uhlangothi olungakwesokudla lwenhliziyo futhi kubangele ukuthi yehluleke.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo emaceleni nakho kungenzeka ngenxa yeminye imibandela, njengesifo samaphaphu. Ngokusho komtholampilo iMayo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo emaceleni kuboniswa ukuvuvukala kwamaphethelo aphansi. Lokhu kuvuvukala kubangelwa ukulondolozwa ketshezi emilenzeni, ezinyaweni nasesiswini.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ye-diastolic

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ye-diastolic kwenzeka lapho imisipha yenhliziyo iba lukhuni kunokujwayelekile. Ukuqina, okuvame ukuba ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo, kusho ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ayigcwali igazi kalula. Lokhu kwaziwa njengokungasebenzi kahle kwe-diastolic. Kuholela ekushodeni kokugeleza kwegazi kuzo zonke izitho ezisemzimbeni wakho.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ye-diastolic kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunakubesilisa.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ye-Systolic

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwe-Systolic kwenzeka lapho imisipha yenhliziyo ilahlekelwa amandla okwenza isivumelwano. Ukufinyela kwenhliziyo kuyadingeka ukukhipha igazi eligcwele oksijini emzimbeni. Le nkinga yaziwa njengokungasebenzi kahle kwe-systolic, futhi ijwayele ukukhula lapho inhliziyo yakho ibuthakathaka futhi ikhulisiwe.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwe-Systolic kuvame kakhulu emadodeni kunabesifazane.

Kokubili ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ye-diastolic ne-systolic kungenzeka ezinhlangothini ezingakwesokunxele noma kwesokudla senhliziyo. Ungaba nesimo kunoma yiziphi izinhlangothi zombili zenhliziyo.

Yiziphi izinto ezinobungozi zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo?

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungenzeka kunoma ngubani. Kodwa-ke, izici ezithile zingakhuphula ubungozi bokuthuthukisa lesi simo.

Abantu bomdabu wase-Afrika basesimweni sokuba nenhliziyo ehlulekayo uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanga. Abesilisa banabesifazane kunabesifazane.

Abantu abanezifo ezilimaza inhliziyo nabo basengozini ekhulayo. Lezi zifo zibandakanya:

• i-anemia
• i-hyperthyroidism
• i-hypothyroidism
• emphysema

Ukuziphatha okuthile kungakhuphula nengozi yakho yokuthuthukisa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi:

• ukubhema
• ukudla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi noma i-cholesterol
• ukuphila impilo yokuhlala phansi
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile

Kutholakala kanjani ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo?

I-echocardiogram iyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuthola ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe eziningiliziwe zenhliziyo yakho, ezisiza udokotela wakho ahlole umonakalo enhliziyweni yakho futhi anqume izimbangela zesimo sakho. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa i-echocardiogram kanye nezinye izivivinyo, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:

Udokotela wakho angenza nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukuze ahlole izimpawu zomzimba zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Isibonelo, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, nemithambo yentamo eqhumayo kungenza udokotela wakho asole ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo cishe ngokushesha.

Kuphathwa kanjani ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo?

Ukwelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuncike ebucayi besimo sakho. Ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungathuthukisa izimpawu ngokushesha, kepha kusamele uthole ukuhlolwa njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Inhloso enkulu yokwelashwa ukwandisa isikhathi sempilo yakho.

Imithi

Izinyathelo zokuqala zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo zingalashwa ngemithi yokusiza ukukhulula izimpawu zakho nokuvikela isimo sakho ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu. Imithi ethile inqunyelwe ukuthi:

• thuthukisa ikhono lenhliziyo yakho lokumpompa igazi
• ukunciphisa amahlule egazi
• nciphisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, lapho kudingeka
• susa okweqile kwe-sodium bese ugcwalisa amazinga e-potassium
• ukunciphisa amazinga e-cholesterol

Njalo khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha imishanguzo emisha. Eminye imishanguzo ivinjelwe ngokuphelele kubantu abanenkinga yenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi i-naproxen (i-Aleve, iNaprosyn) ne-ibuprofen (i-Advil, iMidol).

Ukuhlinzwa

Abanye abantu abanesifo senhliziyo bazodinga ukuhlinzwa, njengokuhlinzwa kwe-coronary bypass. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzothatha ucezu olunempilo lomthambo alunamathisele emthanjeni we-coronary ovinjiwe. Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuthi lidlule emthanjeni ovinjiwe, owonakele futhi ligeleze elisha.

Udokotela wakho futhi angaphakamisa i-angioplasty. Kule nqubo, i-catheter enebhaluni encane enamathiselwe ifakwa emthanjeni ovinjiwe noma omncane. Lapho ipayipi lifinyelela emthanjeni owonakele, udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka ibhaluni ukuvula umthambo. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angadinga ukubeka i-stent unomphela, noma i-wire mesh tube, emthanjeni ovinjiwe noma omncane. I-stent igcina umthambo wakho uvulekile unomphela futhi ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqhubeka komthambo.

Abanye abantu abanokwehluleka kwenhliziyo bazodinga ama-pacemaker ukusiza ukulawula isigqi senhliziyo. Lawa madivayisi amancane afakwa esifubeni. Zinganciphisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho lapho inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha okukhulu noma yenyuse izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo uma inhliziyo ishaya kancane. Ama-pacemaker avame ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuhlinzwa kokudlula kanye nemithi.

Ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo kusetshenziswa ezigabeni zokugcina zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, lapho zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zehlulekile. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo ususa yonke noma ingxenye yenhliziyo yakho ayibeke ngenhliziyo enempilo evela kumnikeli.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo?

Indlela yokuphila enempilo ingasiza ekwelapheni ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo futhi ivimbele isimo ukuthi singakhuli kwasekuqaleni. Ukwehla kwesisindo nokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukunciphisa inani likasawoti ekudleni kwakho nakho kunganciphisa ingozi yakho.

Eminye imikhuba yokuphila enempilo ifaka phakathi:

• ukunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala
• ukuyeka ukubhema
• ukugwema ukudla okunamafutha amaningi
• ukuthola inani elanele lokulala

Yiziphi izinkinga zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo?

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okungalashwa kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo okucinana (CHF), isimo lapho igazi lakha khona kwezinye izindawo zomzimba wakho. Kulesi simo esingaba yingozi yokuphila, ungathola ukugcinwa koketshezi ezithweni zakho nasemalungwini akho, njengesibindi namaphaphu.

Isifo senhliziyo

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yenkinga ehlobene nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.

Shayela ku-911 noma abezimo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni yakho ngokushesha uma unalezi zimpawu:

• ukuchoboza ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukungakhululeki esifubeni, njengokukhama noma ukuqina
• ukungakhululeki emzimbeni ophezulu, kufaka phakathi ukunganaki noma ukubanda
• ukukhathala ngokweqile
• isiyezi
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukuhlanza
• isicanucanu
• izithukuthuku ezibandayo

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside wabantu abanesifo senhliziyo?

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo imvamisa kuyisimo sesikhathi eside esidinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo ukuvimbela izinkinga. Lapho ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kushiywa kungalashwa, inhliziyo ingancipha kakhulu ize ibangele inkinga esongela impilo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungenzeka kunoma ngubani. Kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela impilo yakho yonke ukuze uhlale uphilile. Njalo xhumana nodokotela wakho uma ngokungazelelwe unezimpawu ezintsha nezingachazwanga ezingakhombisa inkinga ngenhliziyo yakho.

Ngoba ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kaningi kuyisimo esingelapheki, izimpawu zakho kungenzeka ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imithi nokuhlinzwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zakho, kepha ukwelashwa okunjalo kungenzeka kungakusizi uma unecala elibi lokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Kwezinye izimo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungabeka impilo yakho engcupheni.

Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni amacala abucayi kakhulu okwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ukhombisa izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma uma ukholwa ukuthi unaleso simo.