Ukopha ebuchosheni: izimpawu, izimbangela kanye ne-sequelae engenzeka

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ingabe ukuphuma kwegazi kobuchopho kushiya i-sequelae?
• Izimbangela zokopha ebuchosheni
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Indlela yokwelapha
• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-cerebral hemorrhage
• 1. I-Intraparenchymal noma i-intracerebral hemorrhage
• 2. Ukopha ngaphakathi
• 3. Ukopha okungaphansi kwe-Subarachnoid
• 4. Ukopha okungaphansi komhlaba
• 5. Ukopha ngokweqile

Ukopha ebuchosheni uhlobo lwesifo sohlangothi (stroke), esibizwa nangokuthi isifo sohlangothi, lapho ukopha kwenzeka nxazonke noma ngaphakathi ebuchosheni ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwesitsha segazi, imvamisa umthambo ebuchosheni. Funda kabanzi mayelana nesifo sohlangothi.

Kungumcimbi obucayi, ovame ukubangelwa ukushaywa ekhanda, okungaholela umuntu esimweni sokuquleka okujulile, ngaphezu kokuzwa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukwehla kwenhliziyo nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-imaging, okufana ne-computed tomography, i-magnetic resonance kanye ne-angiography noma ngaphandle kokuqhathanisa. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angahle futhi acele ukubhoboza i-lumbar.

Ukwelashwa kokopha ebuchosheni kuvamise ukuhlinzwa, futhi kuhlose ukukhipha igazi nehlule ukuze kunciphise ingcindezi ebuchosheni ebangelwa ukopha.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni zixhomeke kubukhulu bokuphuma kwegazi futhi imvamisa:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu nelizumayo elingahlala izinsuku;
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuncinza kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba;
• Ukuhlanza;
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi;
• Ukuthuthumela ezandleni;
• Ukwehla kwenhliziyo;
• Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile;
• Ukuvuvukala kwengxenye yomthambo we-optic, ongadala umbono omnyama imizuzwana embalwa, kunciphise inkambu yokubona noma ukungaboni;

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, kungahle kube nokuquleka okungazelelwe kwesithuthwane noma ukulahleka okukhulu nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwengqondo lapho umuntu engakwazi ukuphendula ku-stimuli.

Ingabe ukuphuma kwegazi kobuchopho kushiya i-sequelae?

Ngemuva kokuphuma kwegazi, abanye abantu bangaba nama-sequelae, njengokukhuluma kanzima, ukugwinya, ukuhamba, ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke noma bangakhubazeka.

Lapho nje kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zokopha ebuchosheni, kufanele uye kudokotela ngokushesha ukuze kuqale ukwelashwa, ngoba ubunzima be-sequelae buya ngezinga lokopha.

Indlela engcono yokuvimbela ukuvela kwegazi ebuchosheni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukulandelana kwayo, ukwenza imisebenzi yomzimba futhi ube nokudla okunempilo nokulinganisela, okunamafutha amancane nosawoti.

Izimbangela zokopha ebuchosheni

Imbangela enkulu yokopha ebuchosheni ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda, kepha kusekhona ezinye izimo ezingavuna ukuphuma kwegazi, njenge:

• Ingcindezi ephezulu;
• Izici zofuzo;
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, njenge-cocaine ne-amphetamine;
• I-angiopathy ye-Amyloid, okuwukuvuvukala kwemikhumbi emincane ebuchosheni;
• Izifo zegazi, njenge-thrombocythemia ne-hemophilia, ezivimbela inqubo yokujiya;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-anticoagulants, njengoba kuvimbela ukujiya, okungavumela ukopha;
• Izicubu zobuchopho.

Enye imbangela evamile yokopha ebuchosheni i-aneurysm, okuwukuvuleka emthanjeni wegazi. Lokhu kunwebeka kubangela ukuba izindonga zalo mkhumbi zibe mncane futhi zintekenteke, futhi zingaphuka noma kunini, ngokuphuma kwegazi.

Uphawu oluvame kakhulu lwe-aneurysm ikhanda. Abanye abantu babika ukuthi bayashisa, sengathi kukhona ukuvuza okuthile. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu nokwelashwa kwe-aneurysm ye-cerebral.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-magnetic resonance, i-computed tomography kanye ne-angiography noma ngaphandle kokuqhathanisa.

Imagnetic resonance imaging ivumela ukubonwa kwe-edema ezungeze i-lesion futhi, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi wazi izinga lesilonda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-computed tomography ibalulekile ukuze udokotela akwazi ukuhlola ukopha futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ahlukanise isifo sohlangothi esibuhlungu esivela ku-ischemic stroke. Bona ukuthi yini ebangela unhlangothi nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani.

I-Angiography isivivinyo sokuxilonga esisiza ukubonwa kwangaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, kanye nokuma, ukutholakala kokungalungi nokutholakala kwe-aneurysm, ngokwesibonelo, kungahlolwa. Qonda ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani nokuthi i-angiography yenzelwe ini.

Abanye abantu abane-hemorrhage ye-cerebral, noma kunjalo, bakhombisa imiphumela ejwayelekile kwi-MRI noma i-computed tomography. Ngakho-ke, udokotela angacela ukwenza i-lumbar puncture, okuwukukhipha uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal ethanjeni le-hip, ukuze kuhlolwe i-CSF, ngoba e-cerebral hemorrhage kukhona igazi ku-CSF.

Indlela yokwelapha

Ukwelashwa kokopha ebuchosheni kuvamise ukwenziwa ngokuhlinzwa kususwe igazi bese kujiyiswa futhi kwehliswe ingcindezi ebuchosheni ebangelwa ukopha.

Ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi, ukuquleka kanye nokutheleleka okungenzeka kungakhonjiswa ngudokotela. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukumpontshelwa igazi nakho kungakhonjiswa.

Ukwenza ngcono izinga lempilo ngemuva kokopha ebuchosheni nokugwema ukulimala kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela owelapha ngokomzimba noma osebenza emsebenzini. Bona ukuthi ukululama ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi kunjani.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-cerebral hemorrhage

Igazi eleqile licasula izicubu zobuchopho futhi liholele ekwakhekeni kwe-edema, okuwukuqoqwa koketshezi. Igazi elengeziwe noketshezi kukhulisa ingcindezi ezicutshini zobuchopho, kunciphisa ukujikeleza kwegazi ngohlelo lwezinzwa futhi kubangele ukufa kwamangqamuzana obuchopho. Ukopha ebuchosheni kungahlukaniswa ngokuya ngendawo eyenzeka ku:

1. I-Intraparenchymal noma i-intracerebral hemorrhage

Lolu hlobo lokopha kungenzeka kakhulu lwenzeke kubantu asebekhulile nokuyilapho ukopha kungaphakathi kobuchopho. Luhlobo olubi kakhulu, kepha futhi luvame kakhulu kubantu. Imvamisa kwenzeka ngenxa yamathumba, ukuphazamiseka kwe-coagulation nemikhumbi engalungile.

2. Ukopha ngaphakathi

Ukopha ngaphakathi kwe-intraventricular kwenzeka kuma-ventricles e-cerebral, okuyizimbobo ebuchosheni lapho kwenzeka khona ukukhiqizwa kwe-cerebrospinal fluid. Lolu hlobo lokopha luvame ukwenzeka ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, emahoreni angama-48 okuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa, futhi ngubani obenezinkinga ezithile lapho ezalwa, njengesifo sokuphefumula, lapho ingane izalwa inamaphaphu angavuthiwe, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokuwa kwamaphaphu, kuyinkinga yokuphefumula lapho kungekho khona indawo eyanele yomoya. Funda kabanzi ngokuwa kwamaphaphu.

3. Ukopha okungaphansi kwe-Subarachnoid

Lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm, kepha futhi kungaba ngumphumela wokushaywa, futhi kuboniswa ukopha esikhaleni esiphakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zama-meninges, i-arachnoid kanye ne-mater efanayo.

I-dura mater, i-arachnoid ne-pia mater yizona zingqimba zama-meninges, okuyizimbungulu ezilayini futhi zivikele isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Ukopha okungaphansi kwe-Subarachnoid kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengu-40 ubudala.

4. Ukopha okungaphansi komhlaba

Ukopha okungaphansi komhlaba kwenzeka esikhaleni esiphakathi kwezendlalelo ze-dura kanye ne-arachnoid yamamenyu futhi kungumphumela ovame kakhulu wokuhlukumezeka.

5. Ukopha ngokweqile

Lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka phakathi kwesikhashana nogebhezi futhi kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni nasebusheni ngenxa yokwephuka kogebhezi.