Yini i-Hemostasis nokuthi kwenzeka kanjani

-Delile

• Indlela i-hemostasis eyenzeka ngayo
• 1. I-hemostasis eyinhloko
• 2. I-hemostasis yesibili
• 3. I-Fibrinolysis
• Ungazibona kanjani izinguquko ku-heestasis

I-Hemostasis ifana nochungechunge lwezinqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi ehlose ukugcina uketshezi lwegazi, ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwamahlule noma ukopha.

Ngokwe-didactically, i-hemostasis ivela ngezigaba ezintathu ezenzeka ngendlela esheshayo futhi ehlelekile futhi ikakhulukazi ifaka ama-platelet namaprotheni abhekele i-coagulation ne-fibrinolysis.

Indlela i-hemostasis eyenzeka ngayo

I-Hemostasis yenzeka ngokungahambisani nezigaba ezintathu ezincike futhi zenzeke ngasikhathi sinye.

1. I-hemostasis eyinhloko

I-Hemostasis iqala ngokushesha nje lapho umthambo wegazi ulimele. Ngokuphendula ukulimala, i-vasoconstriction yomkhumbi olimele yenzeka ukwehlisa ukugeleza kwegazi lasendaweni futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukopha noma i-thrombosis.

Ngasikhathi sinye, kuvulwa amaplatelet futhi kunamathela esitsheni endothelium ngendlela ye-von Willebrand factor. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-platelet ashintsha ukwakheka kwawo ukuze akwazi ukukhipha okuqukethwe kwawo ku-plasma, enomsebenzi wokuqasha amaplatelet amaningi endaweni yesilonda, bese eqala ukunamathela komunye nomunye, akha ipulaki eyinhloko yeplatelet, enesikhashana umphumela.

Funda kabanzi ngama-platelet nemisebenzi yawo.

2. I-hemostasis yesibili

Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho kwenzeka i-hemostasis eyinhloko, i-coagulation cascade iyasebenza, okwenza amaprotheni abhekele ukuqhwa asebenze. Njengomphumela we-coagulation Cascade, amafomu e-fibrin, anomsebenzi wokuqinisa ipulaki leplatelet eyinhloko, ayenze izinze kakhudlwana.

Izinto ezijiyisayo amaprotheni ajikeleza egazini ngendlela yalo engasebenzi, kepha ayasebenza ngokuya ngezidingo zomzimba futhi anomgomo wawo wokugcina ukuguqulwa kwe-fibrinogen ibe yi-fibrin, ebalulekile enqubweni yokumisa igazi.

3. I-Fibrinolysis

I-Fibrinolysis yisigaba sesithathu se-hemostasis futhi inenqubo yokucekela phansi kancane kancane ipulaki ye-hemostatic ukubuyisa ukugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile. Le nqubo iqondiswa yi-plasmin, okuyi-protein etholakala ku-plasminogen futhi umsebenzi wayo owehlisa isithunzi i-fibrin.

Ungazibona kanjani izinguquko ku-heestasis

Izinguquko ku-heestasis zingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuthile, okufana nalokhu:

• Isikhathi sokopha (TS): Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqukethe ukuhlola isikhathi lapho i-hemostasis ivela khona futhi ingenziwa ngembobo encane endlebeni, ngokwesibonelo. Ngomphumela wesikhathi segazi, kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlolwe i-heestasis eyinhloko, okungukuthi, ukuthi ama-platelet anomsebenzi owenele yini. Yize kungukuhlolwa okusetshenziswa kabanzi, le ndlela ingadala ukungaphatheki kahle, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ngoba kuyadingeka ukwenza imbobo encane endlebeni futhi kunokuhlangana okuphansi nokuthambekela kokopha komuntu;
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa kwePlatelet: Ngalokhu kuhlolwa, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa amandla weplatelet aggregation, futhi kuyasiza futhi njengendlela yokuhlola i-hemostasis eyinhloko. Ama-platelet womuntu avezwa ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ezinamandla okunciphisa i-coagulation futhi umphumela ungabonakala kudivayisi ekala izinga lokuhlanganiswa kweplatelet;
• Isikhathi se-Prothrombin (TP): Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ikhono legazi lokujiya ngokuvuselela enye yezindlela ezisendleleni yokuqhekeka kwe-coagulation, indlela yangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, kubheka ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani igazi ukwenza ipulaki yesibili ye-hemostatic. Qonda ukuthi yini ukuhlolwa kwe-Prothrombin Time nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani;
• Isikhathi Esenziwe Ngokwengxenye se-Thromboplastin (APTT): Lokhu kuhlolwa kubuye kuhlolisise i-hemostasis yesibili, noma kunjalo kubheka ukusebenza kwezici ze-coagulation ezikhona endleleni yangaphakathi ye-coagulation cascade;
• Isilinganiso se-fibrinogen: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ngabe kukhona inani elanele le-fibrinogen elingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza i-fibrin.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zivivinyo, udokotela angancoma ezinye, njengokulinganisa kwezinto ezijiyisayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukuze ukwazi ukwazi ukuthi kukhona yini ukuntuleka kunoma iyiphi into yokujiya engaphazamisa inqubo ye-hemostasis.