I-hepatitis B

-Delile

• Ingabe i-hepatitis B iyathathelana?
• Ubani osengozini yokuthola i-hepatitis B?
• Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B?
• Sitholakala kanjani isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B?
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis B surface antigen
• Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kwe-hepatitis B core antigen
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis B surface antibody
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-hepatitis B?
• Ukugonywa kwe-Hepatitis B kanye ne-immune globulin
• Izinketho zokwelashwa kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B
• Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B?
• Ngingasivimbela kanjani isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B?

Siyini isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B?

I-Hepatitis B ukutheleleka kwesibindi okubangelwa igciwane le-hepatitis B (HBV). I-HBV ingenye yezinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-hepatitis yegciwane. Ezinye izinhlobo zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A, C, D, no-E. Uhlobo ngalunye lwegciwane luhlukile, futhi izinhlobo B no-C kungenzeka kakhulu.

I (CDC) ithi cishe abantu abayi-3 000 e-United States bayafa unyaka nonyaka ngenxa yezinkinga ezibangelwa i-hepatitis B. Kusolwa ukuthi abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.4 eMelika bane-hepatitis B.

Ukutheleleka nge-HBV kungaba kubi noma kungalapheki.

I-hepatitis B enamandla yenza izimpawu zivele ngokushesha kubantu abadala. Izinsana ezinegciwane lapho zizalwa kuyaqabukela ziba nesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Okucishe kube yizo zonke izifo ezithathelana ne-hepatitis B ezinganeni ezingapheli.

Isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B sikhula kancane. Izimpawu kungenzeka zingabonakali ngaphandle kokuthi kuvele izinkinga.

Ingabe i-hepatitis B iyathathelana?

I-Hepatitis B iyathelelana kakhulu. Isakazeka ngokuthintana negazi elinegciwane kanye nolunye uketshezi lomzimba. Yize igciwane lingatholakala ematheni, alisabalaliswa ngokusebenzisa izinto zokwabelana noma ukuqabulana. Akusakazeki nangokuthimula, ukukhwehlela, noma ukuncelisa. Izimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kungenzeka zingaveli izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuchayeka futhi zingahlala amasonto amabili nambili. Kodwa-ke, usathathelana, ngisho. Leli gciwane lingafinyelela ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa.

Izindlela ezikhona zokudlulisa zifaka:

• ukuthintana ngqo negazi elinegciwane
• ukusuka kumama kuye enganeni ngesikhathi sokuzalwa
• ukugwazwa ngenaliti engcolisiwe
• ukuxhumana okusondelene nomuntu one-HBV
• umlomo womlomo, wesitho sangasese sowesifazane nowangasese
• usebenzisa insingo noma enye into yomuntu siqu enezinsalela zoketshezi olunegciwane

Ubani osengozini yokuthola i-hepatitis B?

Amaqembu athile asengozini enkulu yokutheleleka nge-HBV. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• abasebenzi bezempilo
• amadoda alala namanye amadoda
• abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-IV
• abantu abanabalingani abaningi bezocansi
• abantu abanezifo ezingapheli zesibindi
• abantu abanesifo sezinso
• abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 abanesifo sikashukela
• labo abaya emazweni anezifo eziphezulu zokutheleleka nge-HBV

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B?

Izimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kungenzeka zingabonakali izinyanga. Noma kunjalo, izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• ukukhathala
• umchamo omnyama
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga nemisipha
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• imfiva
• ukungakhululeki esiswini
• ubuthakathaka
• ukuphuzi kwabamhlophe bamehlo (i-sclera) nesikhumba (i-jaundice)

Noma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B zidinga ukuhlolwa okuphuthumayo. Izimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B sibi kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60. Yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma utholakale ku-hepatitis B. Ungase ukwazi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.

Sitholakala kanjani isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B?

Odokotela bavame ukuxilonga i-hepatitis B ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuhlolisiswa kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kunganconywa kubantu:

• ahlangane nomuntu onesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B
• baye ezweni lapho i-hepatitis B ejwayelekile khona
• kade ejele
• sebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-IV
• thola i-dialysis yezinso
• abakhulelwe
• ngabesilisa abalala nabesilisa
• une-HIV

Ukuhlola i-hepatitis B, udokotela wakho uzokwenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zegazi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis B surface antigen

Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen surface ye-hepatitis B kukhombisa ukuthi uyathathelana yini. Umphumela omuhle usho ukuthi une-hepatitis B futhi ungalisabalalisa igciwane. Umphumela ongemuhle usho ukuthi njengamanje awunayo i-hepatitis B. Lokhu kuhlolwa akuhlukanisi phakathi kokutheleleka okungamahlalakhona nokubi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziswa kanye nezinye izivivinyo ze-hepatitis B ukuthola ukuthi.

Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kwe-hepatitis B core antigen

Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen okuyisisekelo kwe-hepatitis B kubonisa ukuthi ngabe ungenwe yini yi-HBV njengamanje. Imiphumela emihle ngokuvamile isho ukuthi une-hepatitis B. ebukhali noma engapheli B. Kungase futhi kusho ukuthi uyalulama ku-hepatitis B.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis B surface antibody

Ukuhlolwa kwe-hepatitis B surface antibody kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukungatheleleki ku-HBV. Ukuhlolwa okusho ukuthi une-hepatitis B. Kunezizathu ezimbili zokuhlolwa okuthembekile. Kungenzeka ugonyiwe, noma kungenzeka ukuthi welulame ekuthelelekeni okunamandla kwe-HBV futhi awusathathelani.

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi kubalulekile kubantu abane-hepatitis B noma yisiphi isifo sesibindi. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi kubheka igazi lakho ukuthi lingakanani inani lama-enzyme enziwe isibindi sakho. Izinga eliphakeme lama-enzyme wesibindi akhombisa isibindi esonakele noma esivuthayo. Le miphumela ingasiza futhi ekunqumeni ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yesibindi sakho engasebenza ngokungajwayelekile.

Uma lezi zivivinyo zihle, ungadinga ukuhlolwa kwe-hepatitis B, C, noma ezinye izifo zesibindi. Amagciwane e-Hepatitis B no-C ayimbangela enkulu yokulimala kwesibindi emhlabeni wonke. Uzodinga ne-ultrasound yesibindi noma okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-hepatitis B?

Ukugonywa kwe-Hepatitis B kanye ne-immune globulin

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi uvezwe yi-hepatitis B emahoreni angama-24 edlule. Uma ungagonywanga, kungenzeka ngokuthi uthole umuthi wokugoma i-hepatitis B kanye nomjovo we-HBV immune globulin. Lesi yisisombululo samasosha omzimba asebenza ngokumelene ne-HBV.

Izinketho zokwelashwa kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B

I-hepatitis B enamandla ngokuvamile ayidingi ukwelashwa. Iningi labantu lizonqoba ukutheleleka kanzima lilodwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuphumula kanye ne-hydration kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole kabusha.

Imithi elwa namagciwane isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Okusiza wena ukulwa negciwane. Futhi zinganciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga zesibindi zesikhathi esizayo.

Ungadinga ukufakelwa kwesibindi uma i-hepatitis B isilimaze kakhulu isibindi sakho. Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kusho ukuthi udokotela ohlinzayo uzosusa isibindi sakho asibeke ngesibindi somnikeli. Iningi labaphezi abanikelayo livela kubaxhasi abangasekho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B?

wokuba ne-hepatitis B engapheli kubandakanya:

• ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis D
• izibazi zesibindi (i-cirrhosis)
• ukwehluleka kwesibindi
• umdlavuza wesibindi
• ukufa

Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis D kungenzeka kuphela kubantu abane-hepatitis B. I-Hepatitis D ayijwayelekile e-United States kodwa futhi ingaholela.

Ngingasivimbela kanjani isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B?

Umuthi wokugoma i-hepatitis B uyindlela engcono yokuvikela ukutheleleka. Ukugoma kunconywa kakhulu. Kuthatha imithi yokugoma emithathu ukuqeda uchungechunge. Amaqembu alandelayo kufanele athole umuthi wokugoma i-hepatitis B:

• zonke izinsana, ngesikhathi sokuzalwa
• noma yiziphi izingane nentsha engazange igonywe ngesikhathi izalwa
• abantu abadala belashelwa izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi
• abantu abahlala kuzilungiselelo zezikhungo
• abantu umsebenzi wabo obenza bathintane negazi
• Abantu abane-HIV
• amadoda alala namadoda
• abantu abanabalingani abaningi bezocansi
• abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa zomjovo
• amalungu omndeni alabo abane-hepatitis B
• abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona
• abantu abahambela ezindaweni ezinamanani aphezulu esifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B

Ngamanye amagama, cishe wonke umuntu kufanele athole umuthi wokugoma i-hepatitis B. Kuwumuthi wokugoma obiza kancane futhi ophephe kakhulu.

Kukhona nezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka nge-HBV. Kufanele njalo ucele abalingani ocansini ukuthi bahlolele i-hepatitis B. Sebenzisa ikhondomu noma idamu lamazinyo lapho wenza ucansi lwendunu, lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma lomlomo. Gwema ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Uma uhamba amazwe omhlaba, hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi indawo oya kuyo inesifo esiphakeme yini sesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ugonywe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kohambo.