Kuyini ukuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism, izimpawu nokuthi kufanele welashwe kanjani

-Delile

• Izimpawu zokuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Izimbangela eziyinhloko
• Ukwelashwa kwe-hypothyroidism yokuzalwa

I-Congenital hypothyroidism yisifo se-metabolic lapho i-thyroid yengane ingakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elanele lamahomoni e-thyroid, i-T3 ne-T4, engathikameza ukukhula kwengane futhi idale izinguquko zaphakade zezinzwa uma zingakhonjwanga futhi zelashwe kahle.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-congenital hypothyroidism kwenziwa ewadini labakhulelwe futhi, uma kutholakala ushintsho ku-thyroid, ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho ngokushintshwa kwehomoni ukugwema izinkinga ezinganeni. I-hypothyroidism yokuzalwa ayinalo ikhambi, kepha lapho ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwenziwa kusenesikhathi, ingane iyakwazi ukukhula ngendlela ejwayelekile.

Izimpawu zokuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism

Izimpawu zokuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism zihlobene namazinga aphansi we-T3 no-T4 ajikeleza emzimbeni wengane, ongabonwa:

• I-muscle hypotonia, ehambelana nemisipha ye-flaccid kakhulu;
• Ukwanda kwevolumu yolimi;
• I-hernia eyi-umbilical;
• Ukukhula kwamathambo okuxegisiwe;
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula;
• I-Bradycardia, ehambelana nokushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane;
• Ukushoda kwegazi;
• Ukozela ngokweqile;
• Kunzima ukondla;
• Ukubambezeleka ekwakhiweni kwesifiso sokuqala;
• Isikhumba esomile ngaphandle kokuqina;
• Ukuwohloka kwengqondo;
• Ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukisweni kwe-neuronal ne-psychomotor.

Yize kunezimpawu, cishe zingu-10% kuphela izingane ezinesifo sokuzalwa esine-hypothyroidism ezinazo, ngoba ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ewadini labakhulelwe kanye nokwelashwa ngama-hormone kuqalwa kungekudala ngemuva kwalokho, kuvimbela ukuqala kwezimpawu.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwe-congenital hypothyroidism kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha ezivivinyweni zokuhlolwa kwezinsana, imvamisa kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa konyawo lwengane, lapho kuqoqwa khona amaconsi ambalwa egazi esithendeni somntwana bese ethunyelwa elabhorethri ukuthi ayohlaziywa. Bona okuningi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwesithende.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwesithende kukhombisa ukuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism, isilinganiso samahomoni i-T4 ne-TSH kufanele senziwe ngokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa bese kuqala ukwelashwa. Ezinye izivivinyo ze-imaging, njenge-ultrasound, i-MRI kanye ne-scintigraphy ye-thyroid, nayo ingasetshenziswa ekuxilongweni.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko

I-hypothyroidism engokwemvelo ingabangelwa yizimo eziningana, lezo eziyinhloko:

• Ukwakheka okungaphelele noma okungaphelele kwendlala yegilo;
• Ukwakheka endaweni engafanele yegciwane le-thyroid;
• Amaphutha ekuhlanganisweni kwamahomoni e-thyroid;
• Izilonda ku-pituitary noma i-hypothalamus, okuyizindlala ezimbili ebuchosheni ezibhekele ukukhiqizwa nokulawulwa kwamahomoni.

Ngokuvamile, i-congenital hypothyroidism ihlala unomphela, noma kunjalo, i-hypothyroidism yokuzalwa yesikhashana ingenzeka, engabangelwa iodine enganele noma eyeqile evela kumama noma usana olusanda kuzalwa noma ngokudlula kwi-placenta yezidakamizwa ze-antithyroid.

I-hypothyroidism yokuzalwa yesikhashana nayo idinga ukwelashwa, kepha ivamise ukumiswa lapho ineminyaka emi-3 ubudala, ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa ukuze kuhlolwe amazinga wokujikeleza kwamahomoni wegilo nokuthi uhlobo nembangela yalesi sifo kuchazwe kangcono.

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypothyroidism yokuzalwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypothyroidism azalwa nakho kufaka ukushintshwa kwamahomoni wegilo kuyo yonke impilo ngokusebenzisa ukuphathwa ngomlomo komuthi, i-Levothyroxine sodium, engaqedwa ngamanzi amancane noma ubisi lwezingane. Lapho ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwenziwa sekwephuzile, imiphumela yokuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism, njengokukhubazeka kwengqondo kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula, kungenzeka.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ingane ibhekwe ngokuphelele inani layo lamahhala le-T4 kanye ne-TSH amazinga kudokotela wezingane ukuze ahlole impendulo ekwelashweni. Bheka imininingwane eminingi ngokwelashwa kwe-hypothyroidism kuvidiyo elandelayo: