Usakazeka Kanjani Umdlavuza Webele

-Delile

• Uyini umdlavuza webele?
• Ziyini izigaba zomdlavuza webele?
• Isigaba 0
• Isigaba 1
• Isigaba 2
• Isigaba 3
• Isigaba 4
• Kwenzeka kanjani ukusabalalisa?
• Ingabe umdlavuza webele usakazeka kuphi?
• Itholakala kanjani imetastasis?
• Yelashwa kanjani imastastasis?
• Ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho

Noma ngabe wena, umngani, noma ilungu lomndeni utholakale unomdlavuza webele, ukuzulazula kulo lonke ulwazi olutholakalayo kungaba nzima kakhulu.

Nakhu ukubuka konke okulula komdlavuza webele nezigaba zawo, kulandelwa ukwehla kokuthi umdlavuza webele usakazeka kanjani, utholakala kanjani, nokuthi odokotela bawelapha kanjani.

Uyini umdlavuza webele?

Umdlavuza webele wenzeka lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza akha izicubu zamabele. Ngenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuxilongwa komdlavuza kwabesifazane e-United States, okwesibili kuphela umdlavuza wesikhumba. Lesi sifo singathinta nabesilisa.

Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kusizile ekutholeni umdlavuza webele nasekuthuthukiseni amazinga okusinda.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• isigaxa esifubeni sakho
• ukuphuma kwegazi kuzingono zakho
• izinguquko ngosayizi, ukuma, noma ukubukeka kwesifuba sakho
• izinguquko kumbala noma ekubunjweni kwesikhumba esifubeni sakho

Ukuhambisana nokuzivivinya amabele okuvamile kanye nama-mammograms kungakusiza uqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko njengoba zenzeka. Uma ubona noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ziyini izigaba zomdlavuza webele?

Udokotela wakho ukhomba isigaba somdlavuza ngokunquma:

• noma ngabe umdlavuza uyahlasela noma awuhlaseli
• ubukhulu besimila
• inani lama-lymph node athintekile
• ubukhona bomdlavuza kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba

Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukutshela kabanzi ngombono wakho nezindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele uma isigaba sinqunywe ngokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene.

Izigaba ezinhlanu zomdlavuza webele yilezi:

Isigaba 0

Esigabeni 0, umdlavuza uthathwa njengongavumi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza webele wesigaba 0:

• Ku- i-ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), umdlavuza utholakala ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lwamapayipi obisi kodwa awusakazekanga kwezinye izicubu zamabele.
• Ngenkathi i-lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) ibuye ihlukaniswe njengomdlavuza webele wesigaba 0, empeleni awuthathwa njengomdlavuza. Esikhundleni salokho, ichaza amaseli angajwayelekile akhiwe kuma-lobules wesifuba.

Umdlavuza webele wesigaba 0 welapheka kakhulu.

Isigaba 1

Kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza ubhekwa njengongenayo kepha owasendaweni. Isigaba 1 sehlukaniswe ngamafomu we-1A no-1B:

• Ku- isigaba 1A, umdlavuza ungaphansi kwamasentimitha ama-2 (cm). Akusakazekanga kuma-lymph node azungezile.
• Ku- isigaba 1B, udokotela wakho kungenzeka angasitholi isimila esifubeni sakho, kepha ama-lymph node angaba namaqoqo amancane amaseli womdlavuza. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kukala phakathi kwamamilimitha angu-0.2 no-2 (mm).

Njengasesiteji 0, umdlavuza webele wesigaba 1 uyelapheka kakhulu.

Isigaba 2

Umdlavuza uyahlasela esigabeni 2. Lesi sigaba sihlukaniswe saba 2A kanye 2B:

• Ku- isigaba 2A, ungahle ungabi naso isimila, kepha umdlavuza ususabalele kuma-lymph node akho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isimila singaba ngaphansi kuka-2 cm ngosayizi futhi sihilela ama-lymph node.Noma isimila singalinganisa phakathi kuka-2 no-5 cm kodwa asihileli ama-lymph node akho.
• Ku- isigaba 2B, ubukhulu besimila bukhulu. Ungase utholakale une-2B uma isimila sakho siphakathi kuka-2 kuya ku-5 cm futhi sesisabalalele kuma-lymph node amane noma ngaphansi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isimila singase sibe sikhulu kuno-5 cm kungasakazeki i-lymph node.

Ungadinga ukwelashwa okunamandla kunezigaba zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, umbono usalungile esigabeni 2.

Isigaba 3

Umdlavuza wakho uthathwa njengongenayo futhi uthuthukile uma ufinyelela esigabeni 3. Awukafiki nakwezinye izitho zakho. Lesi sigaba sihlukaniswe ngama-subsets 3A, 3B, no-3C:

• Ku- isigaba 3A, isimila sakho singaba sincane kuno-2 cm, kepha kukhona phakathi kwama-lymph node athintekile aphakathi kwezine nesishiyagalolunye. Usayizi wesimila kulesi sigaba ungaba mkhulu kuno-5 cm futhi ubandakanye ukuhlangana okuncane kwamaseli kuma-lymph node akho. Umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi usabalalele nakuma-lymph node esikhwameni sakho sangaphansi nasesifubeni sesifuba.
• Ku- isigaba 3B, isimila singaba bukhulu buphi. Kuleli qophelo, selisabalale langena esifubeni sakho noma esikhunjeni futhi lithinta ama-lymph node afinyelela kwayisishiyagalolunye.
• Ku- isigaba 3C, umdlavuza kungenzeka usabalalele kuma-lymph node angaphezu kwayishumi noma ngabe singekho isimila. Ama-lymph node athintekile angaba seduze ne-collarbone yakho, i-underarm, noma ithambo lesifuba.

Izinketho zokwelashwa esigabeni sesi-3 zifaka:

• umabhebhana
• imisebe
• ukwelashwa kwamahomoni
• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha nazo zinikezwa ngezigaba zangaphambili. Udokotela wakho angaphakamisa inhlanganisela yokwelashwa komphumela omuhle.

Isigaba 4

Esigabeni 4, umdlavuza webele ususile. Ngamanye amazwi, selusabalele nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kungafaka okukodwa noma okuningi kokulandelayo:

• ubuchopho
• amathambo
• amaphaphu
• isibindi

Udokotela wakho angazama izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa, kepha umdlavuza ubhekwa njengokugcina kulesi sigaba.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukusabalalisa?

Kunezindlela eziningana umdlavuza ongasakazeka emzimbeni.

• Ukuhlasela okuqondile kwenzeka lapho isimila sesisabalalele esithombeni esiseduze emzimbeni. Amaseli womdlavuza ayaqala futhi akhule kule ndawo entsha.
• Ukusabalala kwe-Lymphangitic kwenzeka lapho umdlavuza udabula uhlelo lwe-lymphatic. Umdlavuza webele uvame ukufaka ama-lymph node aseduze, ngakho-ke umdlavuza ungangena ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi futhi ubambe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba.
• Ukusakazeka okunamandla kuhamba ngendlela efanayo nokusabalala kwe-lymphangitic kodwa ngemithambo yegazi. Amaseli womdlavuza ahamba emzimbeni futhi aqala izimpande ezindaweni ezikude nasezitho zomzimba.

Ingabe umdlavuza webele usakazeka kuphi?

Lapho umdlavuza uqala ezicutshini zesifuba, ungahle usabalalele kuma-lymph node ngaphambi kokuthinta ezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Umdlavuza webele uvame ukusakazeka ku:

• amathambo
• ubuchopho
• isibindi
• amaphaphu

Itholakala kanjani imetastasis?

Ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kungathola ukusabalala komdlavuza. Lezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile azenziwa ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho acabange ukuthi umdlavuza kungenzeka usakazekile.

Ngaphambi kokuzi-oda, udokotela wakho uzohlola usayizi wesimila sakho, ukusabalala kwe-lymph node, kanye nezimpawu ezithile onazo.

Ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu kufaka:

• iX-ray yesifuba
• ukuskena amathambo
• i-CT scan
• ukuskena kwe-MRI
• i-ultrasound
• ukuskena kwe-positron emission tomography (PET)

Uhlobo lokuhlolwa ogcina unalo luzoncika kumlando nezimpawu zakho zezokwelapha. Isibonelo, uma wena noma udokotela wakho usola ukuthi umdlavuza kungenzeka usabalele esiswini sakho, ungahle ube ne-ultrasound.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT ne-MRI kungasiza udokotela wakho ukubona ngeso lengqondo izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomzimba ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuskena i-PET kungasiza uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi umdlavuza kungenzeka usabalale kodwa akanaso isiqiniseko sokuthi ukuphi.

Konke lokhu kuhlolwa kuqhathaniswa kungavumi, futhi akufanele kudinge ukuhlala esibhedlela. Unganikezwa imiyalo ekhethekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho.

Uma une-CT scan, ngokwesibonelo, kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze i-ejenti yokuqhathanisa ngomlomo ukusiza ukudweba izici ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathi komzimba wakho.

Uma unemibuzo noma okukhathazayo, unganqikazi ukubiza ihhovisi eliqhuba isivivinyo ukuze licaciselwe.

Yelashwa kanjani imastastasis?

Umdlavuza webele wesigaba 4 awungeke welapheke. Esikhundleni salokho, uma kutholakala, ukwelashwa kumayelana nokwandisa nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokwelashwa komdlavuza webele wesigaba 4 zifaka:

• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• ukuhlinzwa
• ukwelashwa kwamahomoni
• ukwelashwa okubhekiswe
• izivivinyo zokwelashwa
• ukuphathwa kobuhlungu

Yikuphi ukwelashwa noma ukwelashwa ozokuzama ngokuya ngokusabalala komdlavuza wakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kanye nezinqumo zakho. Akuzona zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezilungele wonke umuntu.

Ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho

Ukusabalala komdlavuza webele kuncike ezicini ezithile nasezimweni ezihlukile emzimbeni nasomdlavuza wakho. Uma umdlavuza ususabalalele kwezinye izitho, akusekho ukwelashwa.

Akunandaba, ukwelashwa esigabeni 4 kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yempilo yakho futhi kukhulise nempilo yakho.

Udokotela wakho ungumthombo wakho omuhle wokuqonda ukuthi yisiphi isigaba somdlavuza okuso futhi uphakamisa izindlela zokwelashwa ezingcono kakhulu ongazithola.

Uma ubona isigaxa noma olunye ushintsho emabeleni akho, xhumana nodokotela wakho ukuze wenze isikhathi sokubonana.

Uma usuvele utholakale unomdlavuza webele, tshela udokotela wakho uma uzwa ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, noma ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo.